Fiction
A Trotskyist libertarian cyberpunk?
Ken MacLeod, science fiction's freshest new writer, achieves the highly improbable with wit and style.
The action has hardly begun in “The Cassini Division” when the characters start making jokes about Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. “Gold is such a useful metal,” says one woman at a cocktail party in the 24th century. “You know, Lenin thought we’d use it for urinals.” The smart-ass response — from warrior woman Ellen May Ngwethu, protector of the Solar System — is fast in coming: “Not his only mistake!”
Never mind that for readers at the end of the 20th century Lenin’s legacy is little more than a vague footnote. Capitalism has won, the game is over, the socialists have long since been relegated to history’s dustbin. But here’s this crazy Scot, Ken MacLeod, imagining a far future full of socialist mercenaries obsessing about Leon Trotsky, cracking jokes about “smart-card carrying” Union members, and laying out a smorgasbord of possible libertarian reorganizations of society. It’s nuts — “The Cassini Division” is set four centuries in the future, and people are still arguing over whether property is theft.
It takes a clever writer to pull off this kind of neo-socialist/libertarian science fiction legerdemain. But that’s MacLeod — a fiercely intelligent, prodigiously well-read author who manages to fill his books with big issues without weighing them down. A former computer programmer who has read his Marx carefully, MacLeod helps his own cause with an unremitting wit that makes poetry out of a happy confluence of technological and socialist jargon. War, then, becomes “the state’s killer app.” Even better, when a wild artificially intelligent computer program mangles the computers at a company at which the staff is busy betting on the stock market, the overseer is alarmed, but notes that it’s not quite “the terminal crisis of capitalism” — alluding to both Marx’s belief that capitalism is doomed to spectacular failure, and the drone-like fixation of all these nerds on their computer terminals.
Maybe we should be glad that no one else in science fiction is concocting puns that mix dialectical materialism with nerd culture; there’s no doubt that such jokes can get old fast. But in MacLeod’s fiction, they never do — there’s too much else happening. If it’s not the anarchic warfare among fundamentalist Christians, libertarian “space movement” fans, Green environmentalist barbarians and the ominous Men in Black, then it’s the posthumans, smart guns and autonomous artificial intelligences who are pushing the story forward at breakneck speed.
“The Cassini Division” is the third in a series of four loosely linked novels — “The Star Fraction,” “The Stone Canal,” The Cassini Division” and “The Sky Road” — all of which postulate different possibilities for future political organization against a backdrop of personal intrigue, exploding technological change and good old sex, drugs and rock ‘n’ roll. In the extraordinary “The Star Fraction, the hero is Moh Kohn — “a yid kid with an AK and an attitude” whose communist mercenary defense agency contracts out services to clients in a United Kingdom fragmented into hundreds of mini-states. In the equally ambitious “The Stone Canal,” an “individualist anarchist” named Jonathan Wilde battles the lapsed socialist David Reid across a time span that starts in the early 1970s and ends in the 24th century.
How can that be? Well, one of the fixtures of Macleod’s fiction is the fact that technology has advanced to the point where humans can perpetually rejuvenate their bodies. Characters stick around for hundreds of years, and there are often multiple versions of the same “person” causing trouble throughout the novels. So it’s not much of a surprise when both Reid and Wilde turn up in “The Cassini Division.” This time around, however, the hero is 200-year-old Ellen May Ngwethu, whose job, in the vaguely socialist Union that now spans most of the solar system, is to do the “dirty work” that no one else wants to soil their hands with. In this case, that means defending the solar system from the Jovians, malign descendents of humans who uploaded their brains into computers and colonized Jupiter.
The Earth is still recovering from the Green Death — a combination of deadly plagues, out-of-control nanotechnology and fanatic environmentalists (MacLeod regularly enjoys poking fun at the Greens and their “evil goddess Gaia”). And now the “fast folk” on Jupiter are threatening to break free from their giant planet and wreak havoc. There’s also the problem of the libertarian anarchists who live on the other end of the wormhole — they could return any day now and disrupt the Union with their rock ‘n’ roll and primitive, archaic affection for capitalism. (These kooks still use money, for crying out loud.)
The scene is set for plenty of action, but Ngwethu is a tricky protagonist to identify with — and not just because, like most male science fiction writers, MacLeod has a hard time creating believable women characters. Ngwethu is also a racist — she doesn’t believe that conscious machines are people. She also swears by the “true knowledge” — the unvarnished idea that might makes right. She’s quite happy to be personally responsible for smashing a string of comets into the surface of Jupiter and wiping out every trace of Jovian life, if there’s even a chance that the Jovians are a threat to real humans. Moh Kohn, the idealist from “The Star Fraction,” is a lot more fun and so is Jonathan Wilde — even when his libertarianism is unabashedly self-serving. Ngwethu is a tougher call.
But “The Cassini Division” is the first of MacLeod’s novels to be published in the United States, so Ngwethu will have to bear the burden of introducing MacLeod to American audiences. Tor Books, his publisher, is starting with “The Cassini Division” on the assumption that the British-flavored politics of “The Star Fraction” might baffle some readers. This is unfortunate — not only is it a bit odd to start a tetralogy in mid-stream, but “The Cassini Division” is also a simpler, less psychologically rich work than Macleod’s first two books. Plans are afoot to release “The Stone Canal” early next year, however, and if the first two books do well, “The Star Fraction” will follow.
If so, American readers have cause to be gleeful. MacLeod is a breath of fresh air blowing through the all-too-formulaic genre niches of science fiction. Cyberpunk is far from dead — likewise class struggle. As MacLeod points out in “The Star Fraction,” the “space movement” is an opportunity for workers on (and off) the world to unite. And, as even Ngwethu comes around to realizing near the end of “The Cassini Division,” those workers don’t even have to be human to have a right to decent working conditions.
Andrew Leonard is a staff writer at Salon. On Twitter, @koxinga21. More Andrew Leonard.
50 shades of Shutterstock
Slide show: Everyone's favorite light-bondage bestseller illustrated by inexplicable stock photography SLIDE SHOW
This week, for roughly the millionth time, E.L. James’ romance-bondage trilogy “50 Shades” nabs the No. 1, 2 and 3 spots on the New York Times bestseller lists. We don’t get it either. Every page of that book, which famously began as “Twilight” fan fiction, elicits a sigh of confusion and weird secondary embarrassment. The question is: Who would read this? (The answer is: Apparently everyone.) It’s the same baffled, helpless feeling we get when we sort through stock photos on a daily basis. Stock photos – which have been the subject of recent outstanding Internet satire – are used by this site, and many others, to illustrate our flood of content. Many are plain and simple, but a good portion are flat-out mind-blowing. Why did anyone think that photo was a good idea? It only made sense to join these forces. And so, we present to you passages from the most head-scratching bestseller of our time, illustrated with the assistance of inexplicable stock photography.
Megaphone by Natalie Bakopoulos
Miracles happen, even in an Athens crippled by a garbage strike, to a young mother unsure of her ability to love
(Credit: iStockphoto/caracterdesign) It’s the third week of the garbage strike and Athens has begun to smell. Bright-colored trash bags fill the curbs and alleyways, and we have learned to step over the rubbish and avoid the blocks that had become unnavigable. We know which stretches are particularly foul — a stretch along Mavili Square, or the entire top end of Monastiraki. Odos Athinas is a sea of trash, and Omonia is ghastly but we don’t go there anyway. May has gone from unseasonably cool to raging hot, and the garbage seems to be melting. In front of the museum it’s like yet another installation project. When I arrive each morning I want to wretch.
Continue Reading CloseNatalie Bakopoulos's first novel, "The Green Shore," will be published by Simon & Schuster in June 2012. Her work has appeared in Tin House, Ninth Letter, Granta Online, and The O. Henry Prize Stories 2010, and she is a contributing editor for the online journal Fiction Writers Review. More Natalie Bakopoulos.
Almost by Chris Pavone
She never thought of herself as ambitious, until motherhood and career collided in one horrifying hospital ride
(Credit: iStockphoto/caracterdesign) It’s just before dawn when Isabel puts the final page down on the fat stack of paper that sits on the rumpled bedspread, next to an overflowing crystal ashtray and a crumpled soft-pack of cigarettes. She’d tried Wellbutrin and Xanax; she’d used patches and gum. In the end, the only thing that made her quit smoking was being pregnant.
But then, after everything, she couldn’t help but start up again. At first it was just a single cigarette per day, or two. Then it became a few, and within months she was back to full-throttle. Over the past couple of years, she’s tried to quit a few times, but not seriously. She anticipates — she accepts — failure. Because she doesn’t want to quit, not really. She wants instead to try, and fail.
Continue Reading CloseMemorial Day fiction: Are we there yet?
Salon exclusive: At the start of the summer fiction season, new stories from Chris Pavone and Natalie Bakopoulos
(Credit: iStockphoto/caracterdesign) “Are we there yet?”
It’s a dreaded sentence. When it’s spoken by an anxious child from the back seat, it’s enough to make stressed-out parents wish they’d never taken a family vacation in the first place. And even if it’s delivered as a sing-songy punch line, from an impatient partner or spouse on a long road trip, it’s an irritating eye-roller of a joke.
So this Memorial Day weekend — the unofficial start of the summer vacation season, and therefore the summer fiction season — we asked two novelists to reclaim the sentence in a new and adult context. For our latest fiction project, there was only one simple rule: Each story had to include the line “Are we there yet?” in a fresh and surprising way.
Continue Reading CloseDavid Daley is the senior culture editor of Salon. More David Daley.
“Frankenstein” remixed
This masterful new adaptation of Mary Shelley's classic novel may be the best interactive fiction yet
Whatever interactive fiction is (and we’re still figuring that out) it suffers from all the problems of traditional fiction and then some. The vast majority of novels and short stories aren’t much good, but when a branching fiction — along the lines of the old “Choose Your Own Adventure” children’s books — fails to engage, the first impulse is to blame the form rather than the content. Let “Frankenstein,” just released by Inkle Studios and Profile Books, serve as a reproach to that reflex. The app is a creative, subtle and sensitive adaptation of Mary Shelley’s classic novella, and it has singlehandedly renewed this critic’s hopes for interactive fiction.
Laura Miller is a senior writer for Salon. She is the author of "The Magician's Book: A Skeptic's Adventures in Narnia" and has a Web site, magiciansbook.com. More Laura Miller.
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