Mary Roach
Sniff me hard, babe
Do bottled sex pheromones work?
Scientists who study sex-attractant pheromones are rarely left wanting for cocktail party conversation. They get to drop lines like “So we smeared synthesized rhesus monkey copulins on the chests of 62 married women to see how their husbands would react,” and “You can get a male hamster to mount a clay model of a hamster if you treat it with vaginal secretions.”
Eventually, at one of those cocktail parties, someone is bound to say, “You know, you’d be a millionaire if you bottled that stuff and sold it for a hundred bucks a pop.”
This is pretty much what happened to Winnifred B. Cutler. Cutler has a Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania. She did post-doctoral work at Stanford and worked for years with pheromone experts at the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia. These days, she’s a millionaire with ads in the back of Esquire that say, “INCREASE your SEX APPEAL,” “unscented cologne aftershave additive FOR MEN,” “Please send me ____ vials of 10X for men @ 99.50.” Cutler also makes a pheromone perfume additive for women, a bottle of which is sitting on my desk. But before we get to that, a little background.
Human pheromones do exist and, in fact, Cutler was involved in their discovery. In 1986, she and Monell researcher George Preti published a paper showing that extract from male underarms has a regulating effect on women’s menstrual cycles. The suspect was androstenone, a substance that happens to function as a sex pheromone in wild pigs, as the active ingredient. In boars, a whiff of androstenone causes the female to, as they say, assume the position. Male boars are apparently chock-a-block with sex pheromone. “Rubbing either the male’s urine or the male’s seminal fluid on the female’s snout was similarly effective,” wrote Cutler in a recent review paper. Extrapolating to humans presents a puzzling scenario, however, as seminal fluid on a snout suggests the conclusion of a sexual activity, rather than the beginning. In other words, you would be eliciting the mating stance at a time when it can be of no use other than to get the female up and perhaps out of bed to fetch a snack.
Regardless, researchers over the years have been unable to resist testing androstenone on unwitting women and men. In one study, androstenone smeared on the door of a restroom stall caused men to avoid that stall (the “male repulsion effect”), suggesting that the pheromone might function as a territory marker. Around the same time, researchers in England doused a dental office waiting room chair with an aerosolized androstenone product called Boar Mate to see if women would be attracted to that seat. Significantly more women used the seat when it was treated. I asked Cutler’s Monell co-author, George Preti, what it all means — if I look like a dental waiting-room chair, I’ll be more attractive to women?
Preti believes neither study was properly controlled. In the first study, for example, the researchers would have had to spray another toilet stall door with something that smells exactly the same as androstenone but isn’t a pheromone, to preclude the possibility that the repelled men were simply reacting to the smell of the substance, not its efficacy as a chemical communicator.
What, then, led Cutler to believe that human pheromones might work as sex attractants? She told me that in the course of one study — a study co-authored with George Preti — she noticed that women with female armpit secretions applied to their upper lips experienced an increase in their level of sexual activity. This led her to surmise that something in the armpit secretions was perhaps acting as an attractant on the men in these women’s lives.
“That’s one of the things we parted company over,” says Preti. “There was no proof to suggest the effects she was talking about.” Cutler went ahead anyway and cooked up a synthesized pheromone, the very same one that she now sells at $600 an ounce. She tested it on a small group of men who added it to their aftershave or cologne and kept track of how often they were dating and having sex. She reports in the February 1998 Archives of Sexual Behavior that significantly more pheromone than placebo users reported having sex more often while using 10X. Preti and others published a critique in the following issue, questioning Cutler’s statistics and methodology. (Not to mention the eyebrow-raising nature of a clinical trial of a product being conducted by that product’s creator and marketer. It would be akin to the makers of Boar Mate sponsoring the waiting room chair study, and God knows the makers of Boar Mate might be tempted to find new uses — nay, any use — for aerosolized wild pig sex pheromone.)
For my part, I was impressed with Cutler’s product. For if there exists a substance that can counteract the repellent effects of cologne or aftershave, it is powerful stuff indeed. And I do not speak from personal taste alone. In a study conducted by Al Hirsch, director of the Smell and Taste Treatment and Research Foundation in Chicago, the smell of men’s cologne reduced vaginal blood flow by 1 percent. (The smell that most aroused the female subjects, by the way, was a mixture of Good & Plenty candy and cucumber, which caused an average increase in vaginal blood flow of 13 percent. Whether the size of the cucumber made a difference was not mentioned.)
I bought a vial of Cutler’s 10-13 Athena Pheromone — this one’s for women — and tried it out for a week. I didn’t notice my husband behaving any differently, or any of the men I work around. I did notice that on the first day, strangers I encountered seemed to be looking at me more than usual, and then I realized that I was looking so hard for a reaction in them that I was making more eye contact than usual and that they, in turn, were making more eye contact with me, though no one engaged me in conversation or seemed to want to use my toilet stall, if you know what I mean.
I don’t doubt that some people have had success with Cutler’s pheromones. In my opinion, if you believe that something makes you more attractive — be that something Pheromone 10-13 or Chanel No. 5 or Boar Mate — then you will be more attractive. (Interesting footnote: Of all the aromas to which Al Hirsch exposed his male subjects, every one caused an increase in penile blood flow.) I just don’t — in the case of my bottle of pheromones — happen to believe. Pheromones have, however, made me much more interesting to talk to at cocktail parties, and that is good enough for me.
Don’t jump!
Exactly what happens when a person leaps off the Golden Gate Bridge? Reading this article is the safest way to find out.
In 1996, I jumped off a 350-foot-high bridge over a river gorge. I wanted to experience what it would be like to leap, head first, from a lethal height and hurtle toward my death. The death part itself I had no interest in experiencing — in fact, a fairly strong interest in not experiencing — so I had a bungee cord wrapped around my ankles. After the initial terror and involuntary-scream portion of the event, the fall was quite enjoyable. I didn’t flail or rotate helplessly like people pushed from balconies on TV, but dropped smoothly in dive formation. I felt the way, as a child, I imagined Superman feeling. It led me to believe that jumping off San Francisco’s Golden Gate Bridge would be a lovely way to go.
Continue Reading CloseThe last tourist in Mozambique
Want to chat with the president? No problem, as long as you're willing to go where nobody's ready for you.
Late one night in 1995, I dialed directory assistance for Maputo, Mozambique, and asked for the fax number for the Office of the President. I sent His Excellency a letter on a piece of Health magazine stationery, requesting an interview on the topic of meditation. I had read that President Chissano was a devotee of Transcendental Meditation, so much so that he required his cabinet members and his military recruits to be trained in TM. He even attributed the signing of the peace treaty with the guerrilla group RENAMO in part to the practice of TM in his country. A week later, the president’s secretary faxed me back. To my great and giddy disbelief, Chissano had agreed to see me.
Continue Reading CloseLadies who spray
If you sprinkle when you tinkle, cut it out!
Let’s say you are afraid of contracting VD from a toilet seat. You are misinformed, but we’ll get to that later. What do you do? You use a disposable toilet seat cover. There. Perfect. All is good with the world.
But all is not good with the world. In maybe a third of the stalls in women’s rest rooms these days (according to my desultory research), the toilet seat is liberally puddled with piss. Somewhere along the line, germ-phobic women began crouching above the toilet seat rather than sitting on a paper seat cover. Women have begun peeing like men, but they lack the courtesy to put up the seat. And since women cannot aim like men — they have nothing to aim with — a good many of them end up hosing urine on the seat. Very few, it would seem, bother to wipe it up.
Continue Reading CloseDeep, active penetration
How researchers at one toothbrush maker figure out ways to make dental hygiene a pleasurable experience.
You’re probably not getting deep, active penetration. Seventy percent of American adults aren’t. But I am. I’m getting deep, active penetration because I spent an afternoon at Oral-B Laboratories, where deep, active between-teeth penetration is a multimillion-dollar pursuit and where they hand out samples of their new deeply, actively penetrating $5 CrossAction toothbrush.
Apparently the CrossAction isn’t just any toothbrush. It isn’t, in the same way the Mach 3 wasn’t just any razor. Both were developed by Gillette (Gillette owns Oral-B), a company with a flair for extravagant, costly research into everyday toiletry items.
Continue Reading CloseTwelve steps in the end zone
Self-help for sports junkies (or the spouses who can't stand it).
According to Kevin Quirk, recovered sportsaholic and the author of the self-help paperback “Not Now, Honey, I’m Watching the Game,” my husband is addicted to baseball. I, in turn, am addicted to my husband. This means that five or six times a year I accompany him to the ballpark, though I care nothing about the San Francisco Giants and understand few subtleties of the game. I would love it if my husband were addicted to me rather than to Dusty Baker and his merry spitting men, and so I turned to Quirk’s book for help. More accurately, I suppose, I turned to Quirk’s book to make Ed feel bad about his passion for baseball, for I am a jealous and needy person. No doubt I suffer from some as-yet-unnamed personality syndrome that someone will one day write a book about, which Ed can then buy and use to make me feel bad, too.
Continue Reading ClosePage 1 of 6 in Mary Roach