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Saturday, Feb 1, 2003 8:06 PM UTC2003-02-01T20:06:00Zl, M j, Y g:i A T

First find out what happened — then find out why

Unlike politicians and the public, people working on the shuttle know it's still experimental, an expert on the Challenger disaster says.

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Diane Vaughan is the author of “The Challenger Launch Decision: Risky Technology, Culture, and Deviance at NASA,” published in 1996. In her book, Vaughan, a sociologist at Boston College, explored how political pressures, organizational dynamics and high-risk technology intersected to shape the decision to launch the Challenger, which exploded on Jan. 28, 1986.

Vaughan spoke with Salon about the parallels she saw with the Columbia disaster, though she cautioned that it was much too early to say anything definitive about what happened to the space shuttle today.

From your research into the Challenger disaster, what are the first questions we should be asking about Columbia?

Two things, really: Their first priority in the case of an accident is to find out what happened, and then it is to find out why that happened. One of the lessons from the Challenger accident is that in investigating what happened and why it happened, you had to go beyond the technology and the technical failure to external circumstances that might have affected it. That’s something that should be looked into: NASA’s funding, how were decisions being made, did they have adequate resources, what were the kinds of pressures on the organization and did anything like that play a role in this catastrophe?

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Andrew Leonard

Andrew Leonard is a staff writer at Salon. On Twitter, @koxinga21.  More Andrew Leonard

Tuesday, Sep 20, 2011 12:52 PM UTC2011-09-20T12:52:00Zl, M j, Y g:i A T

MacArthur Foundation reveals 2011 “genius grants”

Recipients of surprise $500,000 fellowships include Chicago architect, founder of New York City children's choir

Francisco Nunez

NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 18: Francisco Nunez, winner of the MacArthur Fellowship was photographed on September 18, 2011 in New York, NY. (Photo by Chris Lane/Getty Images for Home Front) (Credit: Christopher Lane)

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A Chicago skyscraper architect, a New York City children’s choir founder and a North Carolina scientist who studies how to prevent sports-related concussions are among the latest 22 recipients of the no-strings-attached MacArthur Foundation “genius grants.”

The $500,000 fellowships for 2011 were announced Tuesday by the Chicago-based John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. Recipients largely don’t know they’re in contention for the annual awards, and often learn they’re winners with an out-of-the-blue phone call informing them they’ll receive the money over the next five years.

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Wednesday, Jun 22, 2011 12:30 AM UTC2011-06-22T00:30:00Zl, M j, Y g:i A T

When Jonathan Franzen came to town

I wanted to be the perfect host for the Great American Novelist. Instead I saw how strange literary celebrity is

Jonathan Franzen

Jonathan Franzen

For the dinner in honor of the Great American Novelist the guest list is made up months in advance. Nobody asks whether the visiting writer wants a dinner. Nobody considers the possibility that giving a lecture on a full stomach and after a glass or two of wine might be difficult. The dinner is not about what the writer wants; it’s about what we want. And we want to meet the writer. Are we highbrow sycophants competing for the chance to say forever after that we had dinner with the Great American Novelist? Or are we faithful readers grateful to hear more from a writer we admire? When Jonathan Franzen came to Kenyon College, I was hoping we’d be the latter.

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Wendy MacLeod's plays have been produced Off-Broadway at Playwrights Horizons, and at The Goodman and Steppenwolf Theaters in Chicago. Her prose has appeared in the International Herald Tribune, The Rumpus, All Things Considered, The Washington Post, and POETRY magazine. Her play "The House of Yes" is a Miramax film, and she is the James E. Michael Playwright-in-Residence at Kenyon College.  More Wendy MacLeod

Sunday, Jun 19, 2011 3:01 PM UTC2011-06-19T15:01:00Zl, M j, Y g:i A T

Is it time to kill the liberal arts degree?

I was a floundering humanities graduate too, but in a brutal job market, maybe we need to rethink what we teach

Is it time to kill the liberal arts degree?

Every year or two, my husband, an academic advisor at a prestigious Midwestern university, gets a call from a student’s parent. Mr. or Mrs. So-and-so’s son is a sophomore now and still insistent on majoring in film studies, anthropology, Southeast Asian comparative literature or, god forbid … English. These dalliances in the humanities were fine and good when little Johnny was a freshman, but isn’t it time now that he wake up and start thinking seriously about what, one or two or three years down the line, he’s actually going to do?

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Kim Brooks is a graduate of the Iowa Writers' Workshop. Her fiction has appeared in Glimmer Train, One Story, Epoch, and other journals. She lives in Chicago and has just finished a novel. You can follow her on Twitter @KA_Brooks.  More Kim Brooks

Wednesday, Jun 8, 2011 5:12 PM UTC2011-06-08T17:12:18Zl, M j, Y g:i A T

Yale criticized for dropping anti-Semitism program

University: Interdisciplinary study initiative did not meet research and teaching standards

Yale University's Harkness Tower.

Yale University's Harkness Tower.

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The Anti-Defamation League is criticizing a decision by Yale University to cancel a program dedicated to the study of anti-Semitism.

The Yale Initiative for the Interdisciplinary Study of Anti-Semitism was discontinued after a faculty review committee concluded it did not meet the university’s standards for research and teaching.

The Anti-Defamation League’s national director, Abraham Foxman, says the decision “leaves the impression that the anti-Jewish forces in the world achieved a significant victory.”

In comments reported Wednesday by The New Haven Register, Foxman says the university should have tried to rectify any problems rather than closing the program in July after five years.

Yale spokesman Tom Conroy said the university has been a leader in Judaic studies. He says the provost has told faculty he will support working groups studying anti-Semitism.

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Friday, May 20, 2011 6:01 PM UTC2011-05-20T18:01:00Zl, M j, Y g:i A T

Cannes: The Talmud scholarship comedy of the year!

A deadpan Israeli comedy about dueling father-son professors, "Footnote" is an unexpected hit at Cannes

Shlomo Bar Aba in "Footnote."

Shlomo Bar Aba in "Footnote." (Credit: Leon Sokoletski)

CANNES, France — A comedy set in the Israeli academic world, and within that, in the tiny and rarefied realm of Talmudic scholarship, might sound like the ultimate film-festival niche product. But Sony Pictures Classics has snapped up North American rights for writer-director Joseph Cedar’s “Footnote,” a wry, imaginative entry in this year’s Palme d’Or competition, and they’re probably right. Of course Sony is thinking primarily about Jewish audiences in big cities, but Cedar’s film is a story about intense professional rivalry and father-son conflict, and you don’t have to be Jewish or work in a university to understand that.

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Andrew O

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