School Violence

Columbine, five years later

The kids who survived the worst school massacre in U.S. history have graduated, and some of them have even forgiven. But many of their parents have not.

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Columbine, five years later

Brian Rohrbough is wearing a wire. It’s a fancy digital rig, capable of capturing 22 hours of conversation before Rohrbough needs to fiddle with it again. He bought it, he says, when he became fed up with being lied to about the deadliest school shooting in U.S. history — April 20, 1999, when Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold killed his son, Daniel, along with 11 other fellow students, a teacher, and themselves at Columbine High School.

“I record everything,” Rohrbough says here at the Jefferson County Fairgrounds in Golden, Colo., one Thursday morning late in February; it is yet another Columbine news conference, just two months before the fifth anniversary of the tragedy. “My format is mini-disk, but I have others.”

The event at the fairgrounds is billed as an unprecedented gesture of openness for Columbine and, indeed, for every criminal case anywhere that has never gone to trial. In the interest of providing full disclosure and of quieting the howls of skeptics who still want further investigation, the new sheriff, Ted Mink, has ordered that all of the Columbine evidence, every bomb and bullet, be put on display for one afternoon of public viewing.

What has been only read about can now be seen, though not touched. And, for the first time, the enormity of the arsenal deployed that day can be grasped. Take the contents of Klebold’s car, remarkable for the hate and premeditation they represent: five pipe bombs, three other incendiary devices, three 16-ounce propane bombs, two 5-gallon red gas cans, three 2-gallon, 8-ounce red gas cans, two 20-pound propane tanks, two and a half gallons of lane conditioner (a highly flammable substance used on bowling alleys), bottle rockets, bullets, fuses, nails and duct tape. And this was the stuff he didn’t take into the school.

“That’s Dylan,” one young woman says to a friend, pointing at a freeze frame photo taken by security cameras in the cafeteria that day. “He’s the one who shot at me.”

Ropes separate the evidence tables from the viewers, museum style. Anybody who leans over to get a better look at Klebold’s muddy sneakers, maybe, or the television sets whose screens were blasted out by bullets, is shooed back by a sheriff’s deputy. People speak in whispers. Some sponge away tears using tissues provided. They loop around the two big rooms, once, twice, three times. If the instruments of mass murder are impossible to ignore, they take on a larger, even more disturbing significance when the victims are teenagers and one of their favorite teachers, Dave Sanders.

“I work full time now,” says Erin Walton, who, with others, tried in vain to save Sanders, offering up her sweatshirt to absorb some of the blood seeping from his neck. She was 15 then. She didn’t go on to college. “It’s hard me to think about going back to school,” she explains. “I can’t be in a room with big windows.”

“Brian still cringes when he hears the sound of a helicopter,” says Bob Warnier, stepfather of Brian Anderson, then 17, who was shot three times in the chest and survived. Brian decided not to come to the fairgrounds today.

Before the viewing ends at 4 p.m., 975 people pass through the evidence rooms, many of them former students, survivors, and friends and relatives of the dead. Absent, as they have consistently been in the five years since the massacre, are Wayne and Kathy Harris, Eric’s parents, and Tom and Sue Klebold, who raised Dylan. Although they live in the same Littleton-area homes they occupied on April 20, 1999, they have contributed virtually nothing to the public’s understanding of who their sons were and why they killed. The Harrises and Klebolds denied requests for interviews for this story, but plenty of people are willing to talk about them. “They’re scared. They’re terrified,” a friend of the Klebold family says of Tom and Sue. “Sue Klebold looks like a skeleton dipped in wax. They’re sick and tired and depressed all the time. A lot of people in Littleton wanted their blood.”

Beyond Littleton, the Columbine shootings became a defining cultural moment, the inspiration for two acclaimed novels; a Gus Van Sant film, “Elephant,” winner of the top award at Cannes this year; and Michael Moore’s Academy-award winning “Bowling for Columbine.” Every interest group, it seemed, wanted to claim the massacre for itself as a horrifying example of what can occur when its message is ignored. Some of the many born-again Christians in and around Denver felt a school shooting on this scale was the sort of thing that happens when the Ten Commandments aren’t displayed in a high school. Gun-control groups weighed in when it became clear that the some of the weapons Harris and Klebold carried had come from that American shame, the unregulated gun show. For a time, some cried racism because the pair murdered one of Columbine’s few black students, Isaiah Shoels. And the fact that Harris and Klebold had been bullied seemed to prove, at least to those advocating stricter codes of conduct in high schools, the deadly menace that unchecked bullying can create.

Everybody’s message was essentially the same: What happened at Columbine could have happened at any high school in America, and we must all be prepared. And yet much about Columbine remains unexplained. Even five years later, no one can conclusively say why a couple of sheltered, upper-middle-class teenagers became murderers or how a community can best heal itself after a tragedy of this magnitude, let alone precisely what steps to take to prevent a similar massacre in the future. For all its public importance, Columbine remains a private tragedy, and its survivors differ hugely over what it meant and how best to move on.

The quest for answers continues, led by parents like Rohrbough, who lost a child, and Randy and Judy Brown, a couple whose son, Brooks, had been close to Dylan Klebold since childhood and friendly with Eric Harris. The search has been contentious, and like other recent major cases (JonBenet Ramsey, Kobe Bryant) investigated by small-town Colorado investigators, this one is dogged by the hobgoblins of incompetence and rumors of a coverup. Uncovering the truth became a crusade for Rohrbough, something he worked at every minute he could break free from his job installing high-end stereos in cars. But it doesn’t appear to have erased the grief he feels over the death of his son, who was shot outside the school that April morning.

Some of Rohrbough’s throbbing anger has been directed at law enforcement, some at the Jefferson County School District, and some at the Harris and Klebold families. Police interviewed Tom and Sue Klebold, but the results were never revealed. Wayne and Kathy Harris, unable to work out an immunity deal, refused to talk. “Who are these people who feel that they don’t owe society anything?” says Judy Brown. “They owe society a lot.”

Then, about nine months ago, all four of the killers’ parents were deposed as part of civil lawsuits filed by some of the victims’ families. But in a highly unusual decision, a Colorado magistrate ordered the deposition transcripts to be destroyed, and a federal judge barred any of the plaintiffs who witnessed the depositions from talking about them. Some of the material gathered, Rohrbough told me, “would be rather large news,” the sort of stuff “people have never heard, are not expecting, and would be shocked to find out.”

Other hints that the parents knew how dangerous their sons were have recently surfaced. At the evidence presentation in February, for example, were snippets of Wayne Harris’ journal. In a green stenographer’s notebook Harris had made notes about his suspicions that Eric had damaged a neighborhood tree with eggs and toilet paper, cracked the windshield of Brooks Brown’s car with a snowball, and made harassing phone calls to the Brown home, a short distance from the Harris home in Littleton. Reviewed by investigators, the complete journal, a sort of diary of the father of a madman, has never been made public.

“As the years have gone by and we’ve unpeeled the layers, there is no possibility that either the Klebolds or Harrises didn’t have very adequate information about what their kids were capable of,” Rohrbough insists. “They rolled the dice. They decided, these kids are almost out of school — once they get out they’ll go their separate ways and we’ll be done with it.”

In January 1998, Harris and Klebold were arrested for breaking into a van and placed in a juvenile diversion program, but they continued to pal around together. That perplexes Rohrbough. “If your kid was caught breaking into a van with another kid, would you allow him to continue hanging out with that other kid at all hours of the night, running together, never knowing where they were, at 3 in the morning?” he asks. “These things don’t make sense for a reasonable person. Bad parenting, yeah. Wicked families, absolutely, in my opinion.”

Rohrbough also blames the Jefferson County Sheriff’s Department for looking away from the menace Klebold and Harris had become. At its fairgrounds press conference, the department revealed that it had had no fewer than 15 contacts with Harris and Klebold in the two years leading up the killings. Besides the complaints about snowballs, prank calls, and the burglarized van, the police had been called twice about a Web site Harris had created, in which he threatened death and destruction. On the site, he openly discussed the testing of pipe bombs that he had built and named Atlanta, Pholus, Peltro and Pazzie. “Each has a 14′ mortar shell type fuse,” Harris wrote, at the age of 15. “Now our only problem is to find the place that will be ‘Ground Zero.’” (In the days immediately after the shootings, Sheriff’s Department officials would deny that they knew these Web pages even existed).

Not until 2001, two years after the shootings, did the Jefferson County sheriff’s office reveal that in 1998 it had prepared a search warrant — never executed — to search the Harris home, a move that might well have prevented the bloodbath. And, only in February 2004 was it revealed that the earliest of the 15 contacts police had with Eric Harris dated back to 1997. This report had been mysteriously lost until late last October, when it was discovered tucked into a binder notebook left behind at the department by a departing deputy.

Rohrbough and other parents also remain exasperated with Jefferson County school officials, who conducted an investigation of their own almost immediately after the carnage, then compiled a 200-page report. It remains secret, however, because lawyers for the district have asserted attorney-client privilege. And much of what’s in it may be lost to survivors forever, since an astonishing 80 percent of the 150 staff members on duty during the shooting have moved on.

The Columbine principal, Frank DeAngelis, told me he understood the district’s action and, furthermore, worried that the report’s release might “re-traumatize” those who were interviewed. Not surprisingly, Rohrbough disagrees. “They used taxpayer money to investigate and now they’re claiming it’s attorney-client privileged. They’re hiding behind it. Someone close to this investigation told me a few years ago — that’s how I first learned about it — ‘You better get a copy of this. You won’t believe what it contains.’ I think I know what it contains, but I can’t tell you. Anyone with decency would release it.”

“The aftermath of Columbine should have been about the kids. It never has been about the kids. Not for one moment has it been about the kids.”

Because of his friendship with Klebold and Harris, and his actions on April 20, Brooks Brown, a tall, rangy and proud member of the high school’s outsider crowd, became one of the most controversial figures to emerge from the crisis of Columbine. Brown and Harris fell out sometime in 1999, after Brooks’ parents complained to police about Eric’s threats against their son, and Harris put Brooks’ name on a “hit list” he maintained on his personal Web site. But on the morning of April 20, when Brown encountered Harris headed into the school, locked and loaded, Harris did not kill him. “Go home, Brooks,” Brown recalls Harris saying. “I like you now.”

The first time I saw Brown, a couple of days after the shootings, in the cafeteria of a hospital near Littleton, he looked like a zombie. Brown had just left the intensive care unit, where his friend Lance Kirklin was recovering from multiple gunshot wounds. Much of Lance’s face had been shot off.

Brown’s life, too, would soon change forever. On May 4, 1999, Jefferson County Sheriff John Stone appeared with reporter Dan Abrams on NBC. “I’m convinced there are more people involved,” Stone said. “Brooks Brown could be a possible suspect.” Abrams asked about the Harris Web pages. Stone scoffed, saying these were a “subtle threat,” and denied that the Brown family had ever reported them to the police in the first place.

The Browns interpreted Stone’s remarks as an attempt to intimidate them and shut them up, but they refused to be muzzled. Countless press interviews and public records requests later came vindication. Documents surfaced that proved that county sheriff’s deputies had indeed visited the Brown home several times prior to April 20, 1999, to hear their complaints about Eric Harris’ Web site.

Now 23, Brown has moved into a suburban development close to Littleton with his girlfriend of four years, Meagan Fishell, 21, a mortgage loan specialist. A chain smoker with green hair, and a devoted fan of the band Insane Clown Posse, Brown can be found most days in his basement, tinkering with computers, and acting as webmaster for a couple of youth-oriented Web sites. He delivered pizzas for Domino’s for a month, the only regular job he’s held in the last few years.

One unseasonably warm evening in February, Brown fired up another in a long series of Camel Turkish Jade Lights and settled into a beanbag chair in the basement. We ate Chinese food and drank A&W root beer. Brown was still recovering from six fillings he had earlier in the day, which had required eight shots of Novocain. That much painkiller, it became clear, hadn’t dulled his anger toward Jefferson County officialdom.

Although his parents harbor some anger at the Klebolds and Harrises, Brown himself seems not to. In fact, six months after the killings, he says, Brown drove up to the Klebold home, in the wooded foothills outside Littleton. Dylan’s parents were there. Sue Klebold served Brown some strawberry shortcake. “I was chilling with Tom and Sue, and we talked about all the different lies the sheriff was telling, and Tom said, ‘You know who would be great to get out here? Michael Moore. Go on his Web site — it has his e-mail. I can’t do this because our lawyer won’t let us. But that would be awesome.’ I sent Michael Moore an e-mail and said, ‘I’m this kid from Columbine, you might have seen me on the news. I’d really like to talk to you for a couple of minutes and see if you’d want to come out and do a movie on Columbine.’ So Tom Klebold’s the reason ‘Bowling for Columbine’ happened.”

Brown would go on to co-write a thoughtful book, “No Easy Answers: The Truth Behind Death at Columbine,” which describes widespread bullying at the high school. In a culture of exclusion, loners were singled out for verbal and physical abuse by a coterie of jocks with a swelled sense of entitlement. Brown also assisted Moore with his film, some scenes of which were filmed in and around Littleton. Though Brown admires the film, he feels that Moore didn’t give him enough credit for shooting footage used in the movie. “He or the people around him are users,” says Brown, who says he was promised an assistant producer credit but received only a simple “thank you.”

Columbine became the centerpiece of Brown’s life, the driving force behind a constant battle to defend himself and make the world understand what life was like inside Columbine High School in the bloody spring of 1999. The usual post-traumatic conditions presented themselves. Brown struggled with depression, he says; he’d sleep all day one day, then stay up for three. Empty bottles of Southern Comfort 100 and Jack Daniels piled up around the house. “Anything I could get my hands on I would drink and drink and drink.” He recently quit drinking, he says, a sign of his recovery.

“I wrote off a lot of my friends after Columbine, and most of my friends wrote me off. Immediately after Sheriff Stone said that I was a possible suspect, a lot of my friends just didn’t even want to be seen with me. People would scream out the window of their car that I was a murderer or they’d tell me to get out of here before they killed me. And no one wants to be around that.” No evidence of Brown’s involvement in the massacre was ever produced, but that didn’t stop Columbine administrators from banning him from the high school after he graduated in the spring of 2000. “They thought I was going to kill somebody,” he says.

Meanwhile, Brown thinks school officials turned a blind eye to jock-led bullying, which Brown believes led to the tragedy. “For a year after Columbine, the administration said there was no bullying at Columbine,” he says. “They just said it never was. Then the governor created a commission that said there was bullying at Columbine. So they came out and said, ‘Well, we’ve solved the bullying problem.’ That’s the brilliant doubletalk they did for three years, and that was long enough and now no one really pays attention anymore.”

Brown lit another cigarette. “It’s like beating your head against a wall, trying to get things changed. It’s painful. It’s so stressful and depressing.”

Brown and Lance Kirklin drifted apart. Brown became closer to Richard Castaldo, who was shot outside the school and paralyzed. He’s the kid in “Bowling for Columbine” who accompanies Michael Moore to the Kmart headquarters and persuades them to stop selling ammunition. Castaldo has Kmart bullets inside him to this day, courtesy of Dylan Klebold.

“About a month ago I gave up on the whole Columbine thing,” Brown says. “I’m done with what happened that day. I’ve come to terms with what Eric and Dylan did. People are dead, although I don’t quite fully understand why yet.” His basement is the center of his life now, and his computers.

Brown says he empathizes with Richard Jewell, the Atlanta security guard wrongly fingered by the FBI for the Olympic bombing. “There are people who will believe anything that is told them and won’t research it themselves. And to them I say, ‘Enjoy church.’”

We go outside, to Brown’s gray Mercedes Benz 300e, and head east, past an interminable stretch of gas stations and convenience stores lit by neon. He talks about his choice to finally go on with his life and leave Columbine questions behind. “I’ve slept pretty well since making that decision. I have energy again.” He makes a turn into a wooded area. “Rachel’s grave,” he says, “is just up the road a bit.”

At Chapel Hill Cemetery, about 25 minutes from Columbine High School, Brown stops the Benz. Although only two of the victims, Rachel Scott and Corey DePooter, are buried here, side by side, 13 crosses have been constructed in a shallow semicircle, one for each of the dead. Flowers have been left, and photographs and cards: a smaller version of the massive makeshift memorial that grew up outside the school in the days immediately following the shootings, as well as around Rachel’s red Acura Legend, parked in the Columbine lot near Clement Park. To many, Rachel’s car became the most enduring Columbine shrine. Mourners left flowers and balloons.

A beautiful young woman with a wide smile and perfectly white teeth, a junior who dreamed of a career in the theater, Rachel Scott was going places. She and Brown took regular smoking breaks together outside school. It was during one of those breaks that Scott, 17, lost her life.

“Rachel was in a miscellaneous group,” Brown recalls, in the dark. He visits Chapel Hill a couple of times a month, at night usually, or around sunrise, when the place is officially closed. Rachel Scott was Brooks Brown’s kind of person, the kind of socially agile, multidimensional teenager Dylan and Eric might also have liked if they hadn’t been so blinded by their hate. “Rachel was Christian, but she wouldn’t hang out with the Bible thumpers,” Brown explains, a fresh Camel between his fingers. “She was good-looking, but she wouldn’t hang out with the hot girls. She worked two jobs in order to be able to buy herself nice clothes, but she wouldn’t hang out with the rich kids. She just hung out with people who were smart. That’s all she cared about.”

Klebold killed her anyway. “Two shotgun blasts, boom, right to the back at about five feet. She was gone pretty quick,” Brown says, as he drops some smokes on the ground. “I leave them here because the last time I saw Rachel she had a cigarette.”

————

A few months ago, around the time Brooks Brown cut back on his drinking and began to try to put Columbine behind him, Richie Castaldo’s life finally took a big positive turn, too. Castaldo moved out of his mother’s house, where she’d been seeing to his every need, into a small place of his own in a working-class neighborhood in Englewood, Colo., with a cat, Maceo, named after a Jane’s Addiction song. He began taking some business courses at Metropolitan State College of Denver two days a week and playing bass in a band, Danger Girl.

For most of the past five years, Castaldo lived at home while he adjusted to life in a wheelchair. Castaldo has no feeling from the middle of his chest down, thanks to a Dylan Klebold bullet that hit his T4 vertebra and shattered his spinal cord. His friend, Rachel Scott, lay dead beside him. Three shots hit Castaldo’s left arm, and caused nerve damage in his left hand; he took eight bullets altogether. A pipe bomb thrown in his vicinity failed to detonate. “I didn’t know Eric or Dylan at all. I saw them in the hall a couple of times,” says Castaldo, who’d played saxophone in the Columbine High marching band. “I didn’t even know their names. I don’t think they ever said two words to me.”

Castaldo backed his oversize brown van down his driveway one afternoon last February and slid into Englewood traffic. “This took me a long time to learn,” he says, as he operates two hand controls, one for the steering wheel, one for the accelerator and brake. “My balance gets screwed up. Sometimes, when I turn, I have to lean into it, a little bit like you do on a motorcycle.”

Castaldo takes a left turn, past Swedish Hospital, where he spent two months recovering from his injuries. Another two months in a rehabilitation facility followed, and prescriptions to stop the seizures he was having. After a year, some but not all of the movement in his left hand returned, and Castaldo took up the bass. “There are some notes that are kind of hard to play. That hand is still numb in a few areas.” He’s got a cool idea for the demo he’s working on. He wants to sample a sound few people will have heard before — the throaty mechanical whirr made by the lift that carries him and his wheelchair into his Chevy van.

Castaldo has been thinking, lately, as the fifth anniversary comes around, about exactly why Harris and Klebold did what they did. Even now, he realizes, it’s hard to come up with solid reasons. Maybe it’s impossible and there will only be individual theories. “Most kids get picked on in high school. I think they kind of fed off of each other, too. It probably started off as a joke, like ‘Oh, yeah, let’s just go and kill everybody.’ Then, ‘Let’s go get the guns’ and they’re like, ‘OK, I guess we have to do this now because we got the guns. No one’s stopping us. It’s too easy now.’ That’s what I imagine it being like.”

Likewise, Pat Ireland, another badly injured survivor, has no answers for why Harris and Klebold turned violent, and he’s almost stopped looking. Ireland was “the boy in the window,” the wounded Columbine student who hung and then tumbled out of the library window, a scene caught on tape and beamed around the world, perhaps the grimmest public image created in the moments following the tragedy. The young man who answers the door to an off-campus apartment in Fort Collins, Colo., 90 minutes north of Denver, is a strapping fellow of 6 feet, 3 inches who moves easily and speaks in complete sentences and paragraphs, and for a moment, I think I’ve come to the wrong address.

Ireland was paralyzed on his right side for months after the attack. He walked again in June 1999, though he’ll always carry a bullet in his brain from Klebold’s shotgun. “There were cognitive issues and speed-of-processing issues,” Ireland says, “and some speech and visual problems.” Months of rehab and tutoring followed. The speech problem cleared up, although short-term memory can still be a bit of a problem. “Sometimes I have to think things through a little bit more, take a little bit more time.”

Ireland enrolled at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, a business finance major. He’ll graduate this May, then take a job with an investment firm or maybe enroll in grad school, get an MBA. None of this, he hopes, will take him too far away from his girlfriend, a fellow student and an aspiring model whom he has been dating since freshman year.

I ask what sort of emotion Ireland feels now, five years later. Anger? Relief? Regret? “I’d say a lot of pride,” Ireland says right away. “I’m proud of my high school and the fact that I spent four years there. Some people asked me if I would transfer, and there would have been no way. I love that place. And I’m proud of all I’ve accomplished since then. I was on track to be valedictorian and I finished that up.” His GPA: 4.0.

“Some people go through things like this and their whole view on life changes drastically. I haven’t changed a whole lot. I still have the same interests and the same groups of friends and the same family values.”

Ireland told me he doesn’t spend much time following the Columbine investigations. He didn’t travel out to the fairgrounds press conference in February. “I try not to dwell on that,” says Ireland. “What’s done is done. It’s better to look forward.”

Another student who survived that day, Sam Granillo, is equally sanguine. With some friends, he hid in a room off the Columbine cafeteria as Harris and Klebold unloaded. Granillo still seemed terrified, a day later, when I interviewed him at his home in Littleton.

Granillo gives off a Zen-like calm, today, at the age of 22. He tried film school in Boulder, dropped out, and moved back in with his mother. At a comfortable cafe in Englewood, the sort where reading and conversation matter more than running up a big bill, Granillo can be found most afternoons, making coffee.

“Every time I went back to the school,” says Granillo, “it just seemed like I was going back over a story I already knew. Everyone was pretty calm and cool by the following fall. The summer after the shootings gave kids time to sit and think. It didn’t take much time for the school to go back to the way it was.”

For some who experienced Columbine, like Brian Rohrbough and Randy and Judy Brown, the past five years have been a time of anger and reexamination. For others, for some of the victims, like Richie Castaldo and Sam Granillo and Pat Ireland, the years have been a time to develop an incredible resilience in the midst of all the heated debate.

Ireland’s negligence lawsuit against the Jefferson County Sheriff’s Department, for allegedly failing to rescue him sooner, was settled last month for $117,500. A lawsuit filed by Dave Sanders’ daughter, against Jefferson County officials, was recently settled for $1.5 million. Only one suit remains pending, filed by the family of Isaiah Shoels, an 18-year senior at the time of his death.

In their important book on antisocial behavior in children, “High Risk: Children Without a Conscience,” Dr. Ken Magid and Carole McKelvey present a chart that lists 20 traits commonly found in a psychopathic child. Eric Harris seemed to have every one of them: from pathological lying and a grandiose sense of self-worth to juvenile delinquency, a knack for manipulation, and a tendency never to express remorse. Whether his parents know this, even in 2004, remains to be seen.

Early on, when he was still hospitalized, Pat Ireland and his mother found themselves discussing the shooting. His mom was furious at Eric and Dylan. Pat wasn’t. “I told her, ‘Please forgive them. They were confused. They didn’t know what they were doing.’ And at that point she knew that I would be OK and not have a bunch of hate inside me.”

I asked, “Do you think there’s been a coverup?”

“I don’t know,” Ireland replied. “I don’t really care.”

————

At the February fairgrounds press conference, while no public official would admit to a coverup, one speaker did concede that Jefferson County authorities might have done more to prevent the Columbine shootings. “There should have been a search warrant executed on that house,” said Colorado Attorney General Ken Salazar, referring to the Harris home, which had been turned into a bomb factory. Why wasn’t a search warrant executed? An assistant district attorney, Salazar said, didn’t think there was enough evidence for probable cause, despite Harris’ hate-filled Web site. Who was that prosecutor? Salazar, now running for Congress, had not been able to find out. And so it goes with Columbine.

Salazar distributed a new report, another in an unending series of reports about the tragedy. Another minor bombshell: On page 32, a sheriff’s deputy, John Hicks, explains how a senior officer told him to talk to the press, right after the shooting, about what the department knew, or in this case didn’t know, about the two shooters beforehand. “Hicks knew he would not be able to tell the truth, so he refused,” the report states. “Shortly after that, Hicks was denied permanent promotion to sergeant and told that he would never be promoted under the current administration.”

Then Randy Brown, Brooks’ father, took the podium, his hands shaking with anger. “The only way to honor these children is to get the truth out and not let this happen again,” Brown shouts. “So if you’re a policeman, do your job.”

Eric Harris had written in his journal, found in his room after his death, “There is nothing that anyone could have done to prevent this. No one is to blame except me and VodKa.” Brian Rohrbough thinks that’s just another Columbine myth. Still, at the fairgrounds press conference, his body mike stuck to his skin as usual, he seemed happy to receive the limited validation that Salazar’s report offered. Of course, it’s too little too late. “It’s a beginning,” Rohrbough tells me. “And they think it’s an ending.”

Peter Wilkinson is a contributing editor at Rolling Stone and Men's Journal.

Inside the bully economy

A provocative new book argues that deregulation is leading to more school shootings. We speak to the author

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Inside the bully economy

As the details of this week’s Chardon, Ohio, school shooting emerged, they seemed eerily familiar. On Monday, three students were killed when a gunman emptied 10 bullets into a group of teens sitting at a cafeteria table. Once again, the alleged shooter, T.J. Lane, a 17-year-old fellow student, was described as a “loner” with a “troubled” family history. And, once again, other students described him as the victim of “bullying.” And so Chardon joins the long list of violent school incidents with a connection to America’s rampant bullying problem.

According to Jessie Klein, the author of the new book “The Bully Society,” it’s a problem that’s only getting worse. In her excellent examination of the school bullying epidemic, Klein, an assistant professor of sociology and criminal justice at Adelphi University, takes a broad approach to the subject. She first lays out the scope of the problem, before explaining how kids’ changing attitudes towards masculinity, the birth of child-targeted consumerism and the erosion of our compassionate society have all helped to create a culture in which children are increasingly feeling overwhelmed and helpless, and, in some cases, prone to violence. Most provocatively, she ties the rise of bullying behavior to America’s economic move to the right.

Salon spoke to Klein over the phone from New York about the Ohio shooting, Facebook and why the current election cycle is bad for bullying.

What is your immediate reaction to the Ohio shooting?

I think the whole controversy about whether [the alleged shooter] was bullied or not is very interesting. It’s clear he posted these rather miserable poems on Facebook that conveyed that he was unhappy and angry, and a number of kids say he was an outcast, he was isolated, he was picked on — and then others said he wasn’t. People are always arguing about what it means to be bullied. It seems clear this kid was not treated particularly well, he didn’t have a lot of friends, he was isolated, and he was unhappy. A good community would see a person who’s having a hard time and figure out ways to reach out to them and care about them. It seems less important to his experience as being bullied or not being bullied, than figuring out that he wasn’t in the middle of a social environment that was caring and compassionate.

You argue that the bullying problem in the United States has been getting worse in the last few decades.

Yeah. Between 1979 and 1988 there were 27 school shootings. From 1989 to 1998 there were 55 and then they continued to increase from 1999 to 2008 to 66, so there were 148 shootings in the three decades from 1979 to 2008. What’s most disturbing is that in the three years since 2008 there have been 43 shootings, and that’s almost two-thirds of the number of shootings that occurred in the preceding decade.

What do school shootings have to do with bullying?

I started studying the school shootings when I first heard about a school shooting in 1997. I was really struck by why he said he committed the shooting. He talked about how he had been picked on, and called gay, and harassed for being fat. And I thought that’s really not that different from what many kids experience. For the book, I interviewed kids across the country and asked them about their experiences, and I realized school shooters are really complaining about the same things that almost every American child could talk about.

We have an increasingly high depression rate, anxiety has increased among children. There are so many different ways that the children are acting out their despair — suicides, self cutting, substance abuse — and so much of it relates to school bullying. So, what I try to show in the book is that school shootings are the most horrific response to school bullying but they’re not the only response at all, and mostly they magnify what’s happening at schools. You know, most of the kids who committed shootings really wanted to tell the world that they were so miserable and they were treated so badly and this is what they felt forced to do.

What differentiates America’s attitude toward evil from that of other countries? And how does this relate to school shootings? In “We Need to Talk About Kevin,” for example, the new Lynne Ramsay film about a school shooting, the perpetrator is seen as intrinsically, almost cartoonishly evil.

There’s the way to define evil as taking pleasure in other people’s pain and feeling pain in people’s pleasure. And that characterizes a lot of what goes on in schools — kids are encouraged to be envious of other kids and if other kids get a high grade or a boyfriend or girlfriend or win a game or whatever else, they end up feeling envious and angry and hateful towards those people rather than supportive and excited and part of a community where good things are happening. When school shootings occur people like to say, “Oh that person was a psychopath.” And it’s a way of personalizing the issue and not taking responsibility as a society. As Durkheim, a classic sociologist, said in his seminal work called “Suicide,” when you see the same thing happening over and over and over again, you can’t keep blaming the individual. You have to look at the social environment and say, why is this happening over and over again? There must be something in our social environment that’s having this effect.

Most of us who grew up in North America have experienced first-hand how important social status is in high school. Many of the shooters talk about how their killings were a way of upending that hierarchy.

One of [the shooters] said he thought the shooting would make him more popular and, in prison, he said, “I feel more respected now.” These kids really were willing to do anything to increase their respect in the school. They’d been so harassed and so degraded. It was such a miserable experience that they thought if they picked up guns they would finally feel powerful and gain some respect. And I think that is a very sad statement in our society that kids get that message: To get respect they need to be dominate and aggressive and violent.

You argue that the pressure to be hypermasculine has increased in the last few decades. Why?

I think our whole society is more masculine. Capitalism as an economic system has become much more so. Our social services have been cut significantly. The media is much less regulated. They used to not be able to advertise to children, and now they advertise plastic surgery to them. There’s just so much in our society that’s concerned with how to perfect yourself, how to look, how to become as powerful as you can be, regardless of how it affects others. I don’t think that message was quite as prominent in previous decades, and all those values are related in some ways to masculinity. So what I show in the book is that masculine values of aggression, violence, dominance are not specific to men. Girls and women are increasingly pressured to demonstrate those values as well.

What’s most fascinating to me about your book is what you describe as the “bully economy” — the idea that economic conservatism is fostering this epidemic of bullying.

George Ritzer wrote a fascinating article about how the economy affects our social relationships. Now, when you go into a store there’s a scripted relationship. Somebody is going to say, “Is there anything that you want?” And you say, “No thank you.” “Do you have everything you need?” “Yes I do.” And that kind of conversation is organized so you won’t have a long personal conversation that will prevent you from buying things. Telemarketing is the same way. So that even when people come together and could have a human experience, they’re prevented from having that experience by these kinds of scripted conversations. Sales people actually get docked in pay or punished if they deviate from these scripts. And I think those kinds of new dynamics have had an effect on our social relationships. And what’s fascinating is that social isolation has increased. It’s tripled since the ’80s, and depression and anxiety statistics are extremely high. These are, I think, indicators of what’s going on in our society more generally.

In the book, you argue that much of this can be traced back to Reagan and the Reagan era. Why?

He came to power talking about deregulating capitalism. There are many people who do believe that the more you help people, the less they will work, the more lazy they will become. There became an entire culture against people on welfare. Even Clinton after Reagan developed this program called Welfare to Work, where even if you were disabled or had six children you were forced to find some way to work 20 hours per week. And I think since then society has gotten more and more harsh in that way and I think people feel strongly in our country that that’s the way to get ahead. We’re the only country in the industrial world that doesn’t have a paid leave for women who have children, whereas other countries in Europe go out of their way to make sure there’s a long paternity leave. There are countries that help families to stay home for 3 years and they’ll pay 80 percent of the salary. For the most part, people here believe that if you make money you’ll get support but if you don’t make money, you’re pretty much on your own. And I think that’s what kids in schools feel. A lot of the school shooters said, “The principal wasn’t doing anything, the guidance counselors weren’t doing anything, so I had to take things into my own hands.” And that’s pretty much the message that people get, whether you’re an adult or a kid.

You also take a very pessimistic view of Facebook and the Internet.

With Facebook, with a lot of social media, there’s a lot of harassment. The whole cyber-bullying phenomenon is just awful because people don’t even necessarily know who’s harassing them. A lot of the people I’ve interviewed say as the technology developed the harassment has gotten worse. And there are so many ways we use technology to disconnect from one another and to have relationships that are only in cyber space.

But isn’t the Internet also a tool for kids to escape isolation — gay kids, for example, can connect with each other over the Web in ways they never could before.

Technology isn’t necessarily evil — it can be used towards very constructive ends by people who are very isolated. There are ways technology can be used to help connect people and hopefully you have face-to-face connections following that. But I think because so much of our social relationships have become commodified, about getting ahead and having status and having popularity. Many relationships are almost entirely implemented on the Internet and people have few face-to-face relationships. Studies have shown that kids today don’t even necessarily know how to have face-to-face relationships anymore. People see people in cafes and they’re sitting right with each other, texting with other people. Friendship has decreased. In the ’80s, the average person had three confidantes. It’s down to two. At the same time we’re finding out that for mammals it’s actually organic to develop friendships and to care about other living beings. Our social and economic environment is undermining us.

In the book, you looked at bullying in both upper-middle class and working class schools. How do those environments compare?

What I’ve found is that it’s pretty bad everywhere. There are different products that people are pressured to buy. In suburban areas it’s Louis Vuitton, in urban areas it’s Nikes or Michael Jordan sneakers. People often feel that unless they purchase them they’ll get bullied. And parents are in this terrible position where even if they don’t believe in branding or buying these commodities, they worry rightfully that their kids might get bullied if they’re not wearing the right clothes or sneakers or have the right cell phone. And of course there are companies that actually go into high schools to try to get kids to wear their clothes or items so that other students will want to buy them.

If you’re tying bullying to deregulation, how does America compare to other countries where the economy is far less deregulated?

It’s an interesting question. We have more school shootings and violence than anywhere in the world. Certainly there are much less school shootings [in industrialized European countries]. They do have a big bullying problem, and I think in some ways America has become globalized — there is a McDonald’s in every country. But most of what they try to do in response to school shootings is not the zero tolerance policy that we have of suspensions, expulsions. It’s much more about, how do we build relationships among people? How do we create communities?

The cultural dialogue around school shootings seems to have shifted in the last decade and a half. When Columbine happened, video games and violent movies were really being blamed. This doesn’t really seem to be the case anymore. It’s more about bullying.

In 1997 I wrote an article about how people were blaming single parents [for shootings], and I think that was really interesting because at that time in almost every school shooting at that point the perpetrators came from families with two parents, often a stay at home parent. They blamed the violence in the media — and there’s a lot of data that shows it increases aggression but not that it necessarily causes violence. And of course the gun control issues were big. Right now people are looking at the bullying issue instead of looking at external symptoms, but I don’t think that we can discount them. Media violence is part of the deregulated society we have today. There used to be many more limits on what kind of things you can show in movies, what kind of advertisements you can have. Everything is much more sexual, more violent, more callous.

I think many parents these days are being faced with a lot of conflicting messages. On one hand, they shouldn’t be helicopter parenting. On the other hand, they should be very concerned about whether or not their kids are being bullied at school, and monitoring them for signs of distress.

Those are very interesting, important issues. People want to blame somebody. Teachers are getting blamed. Parents are getting blamed because they’re not raising their children correctly. Certain students are getting blamed because they have the profile of a bully. These are all distractions because it’s not about individuals doing a certain thing it’s about a socioeconomic environment where people are pressured to act in particular ways. Parent get so little support for navigating a very cruel and scary world — if kids are going to school and getting shot, why wouldn’t a parent want to coddle their child and make sure that they don’t meet such a horrible end? We have to look at a much broader level to think about how do we change a society that’s become so cruel and callous and dangerous.

Well, even under Obama, the American economy is still extraordinarily deregulated, and will continue to be so. We’re going through this election cycle in which, once again, welfare recipients are being demonized, and the GOP primary has become a race to out right-wing Mitt Romney. Given what’s happening in America right now, do you see any hope?

I do actually feel hope. I feel like people are really concerned about these issues. I think schools could become leaders in a movement to make change in our society. At a minimum, they could create a reprieve from the harsher environment that kids have to deal with outside of schools, and if schools are successful, different kinds of people will come out of them. Right now kids are trained to be heartless and pursue success at any cost. If schools really worked to create community and to help children value themselves and one another, different kinds of people would come out of those schools, and I think different leaders would end up leading the country.

I think people can create change on a very interpersonal level by refusing to be objectified, by refusing to be defined by their brands, by their shoes, cars, clothes, bags, by refusing to identify other people in terms of what they’ve bought, and to be present with other human beings, emotionally and intellectually.

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Thomas Rogers

Thomas Rogers is Salon's Arts Editor.

Police: 3 shot at Los Angeles-area high school

The shooter, believed to be a student at Gardena High School, is still at large

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Police: 3 shot at Los Angeles-area high schoolPolice on scene at Gardena High School following the shooting.

Police say three people have been shot at Gardena High School in Los Angeles and the shooter is at large.

Gardena police Lt. Steve Prendergast says the shooter is believed to be a student.

Prendergast says the three victims have been treated by paramedics and transported to a hospital.

The lieutenant says a teacher called 911 at 10:41 a.m. Tuesday and police from the city of Gardena initially responded. The school is actually located in the city of Los Angeles and the incident is being turned over to Los Angeles police.

L.A. school district confirms 2 wounded in accidental shooting

Principal Rudy Mendoza says the 10th-grader who brought the gun to school has been apprehended by police

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L.A. school district confirms 2 wounded in accidental shootingA wounded student is taken to an ambulance in Los Angeles.

A gun in a 10th-grader’s backpack accidentally discharged when he dropped the bag, wounding two students at a Los Angeles high school, the campus principal said.

Gardena High School Principal Rudy Mendoza said the student dropped the bag as he walked between classes at midmorning. The boy who brought the gun was apprehended, Mendoza told The Associated Press.

Los Angeles Fire Department Capt. Jamie Moore said two victims were transported to a hospital, one in serious and one in critical condition.

Police initially reported that three people were shot and the shooter was at large.

Numerous law enforcement agencies responded to the shooting at the 2,400-student campus located in the city of Los Angeles adjacent to the city of Gardena.

Gardena police Lt. Steve Prendergast said a teacher called 911 at 10:41 a.m. and Gardena officers initially responded. The investigation was being turned over to Los Angeles city and school district police.

A handful of frantic parents rushed to the school after hearing about the shooting on the news. They paced nervously as they waited behind police tapes for word from their children.

“I’ve never heard of anything like this before,” said Thomas Hill, whose 16-year-old and 18-year-old children attend the school. “You’re going to have confrontations between kids but never this.”

A mother who was waiting to hear from her 14-year-old son, Michael, said the school has a reputation for gang violence. Lupe Contreras said she has been trying to get her son out of the school.

Cynthia Cano, 15, said she was in a Mexican-American social studies class when an announcement was made that the school was in lockdown.

“We heard someone got shot. Everyone was freaking out a little,” she said in a telephone interview from inside the campus.

——

Associated Press writer Christina Hoag, Greg Risling, Daisy Nguyen and Sue Manning contributed to this report.

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Anti-government gunman had Dec. 14 marked

Clay Duke had circled his calendar for Tuesday school board attack, in which he was the only casualty

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Police say the ex-convict who held a Florida school board at gunpoint had been planning to do it for some time.

Panama City Police Chief John Van Etten says Tuesday’s date was circled on a calendar found in the trailer where 56-year-old Clay Duke lived north of Panama City.

Duke shot himself after firing at school board members during a meeting Tuesday. No one else was hurt. Before opening fire, he painted a red V on a wall and talked about his wife being fired.

Officials say she worked for the schools, but it wasn’t clear whether she resigned or had been fired or what her job was. She was apparently living with her mother in a nearby town.

Van Etten says the shooting was not “spur of the moment.” Police also found anti-government paraphanelia in Duke’s home.

THIS IS A BREAKING NEWS UPDATE. Check back soon for further information. AP’s earlier story is below.

PANAMA CITY, Fla. (AP) — An ex-convict calmly held a school board at gunpoint, complaining about taxes and his wife being fired before shooting at close range as the superintendent begged, “Please don’t.”

Minutes earlier, the room had been filled with students accepting awards, but no one was hurt except the gunman, who shot himself Tuesday after exchanging fire with a security guard, police said.

“It could have been a monumental tragedy,” Bay District Schools Superintendent Bill Husfelt said. “God was standing in front of me and I will go to my grave believing that.”

Video of meeting shows 56-year-old Clay A. Duke rising from his seat, spray-painting a red V on the wall, then waving a gun and ordering everyone to leave the room except the men on the board. They dove under the long desk they had been sitting behind as he fired at them.

Duke’s motivation was still murky Wednesday. He rambled to the board about tax increases and his wife, but also apparently created a Facebook page last week that refers to class warfare and is laced with images from the movie “V for Vendetta,” in which a mysterious figure battles a totalitarian government.

The school board was in the midst of a routine discussion when Duke walked to the front of the room.

“We could tell by the look in his eyes that this wasn’t going to end well,” Husfelt told The Associated Press.

Husfelt was calm as he tried to persuade Duke to drop the gun, but Duke just shook his head. The only woman on the board, Ginger Littleton, had been ordered out of the room too, but she sneaked back in behind him and whacked his gun arm with her large brown purse.

“In my mind, that was the last attempt or opportunity to divert him,” Littleton said.

Duke, a large, heavyset man in a dark pullover coat got angry and turned around. She fell to the floor as board members pleaded with her to stop. Duke pointed the gun at her head and said, “You stupid b—-” but he didn’t shoot her. She’s not sure why.

“I think the ‘you stupid’ part, I thought at that point, probably, you’re right. I was pretty stupid,” Littleton told NBC’s “Today” show early Wednesday.

After several minutes, video showed Duke slowly raising the gun and leveling it at Husfelt, who pleaded “Please don’t, please don’t.”

Duke shot twice at Husfelt from about 8 feet away and squeezed off several more rounds before district security chief Mike Jones, a former police officer, bolted in. He exchanged gunfire with Duke and wounded him in the leg or side before Duke fatally shot himself, police Sgt. Jeff Becker said.

Somehow, no one else in the small board room was injured in the clash that lasted several minutes. Husfelt said at least two rounds lodged in the wall behind him.

In Duke’s brief exchange with the board, he said his wife had been fired from the northern Florida district, but never told Husfelt or the board who she was or what she did. Members promised to help her find a new job, but Duke just shook his head. Husfelt told Duke he didn’t remember his wife but would have be responsible for her dismissal, so the board members should be allowed to leave.

“He said his wife was fired, but we really don’t know what he was talking about,” Husfelt told the AP at his Panama City home. “I don’t think he knew what he was talking about.”

Video of the meeting shows Husfelt telling Duke: “I’ve got a feeling you want the cops to come in and kill you because you said you are going to die today.” Later, the head of more than 30 schools in the district that includes the beach tourism and Air Force town of Panama City said he was sure someone was going to be killed.

Tommye Lou Richardson, the school district’s personnel director, was at the meeting and called Jones a hero. As Duke lay on the floor, colleagues comforted the shaken man, who said he had never shot anyone before.

SWAT officers then stormed the room and ordered everyone onto the ground. School officials told them that Duke was shot and appeared dead. His feet could be seen near the board’s seats.

People gathered at Duke’s home Tuesday night asked reporters to leave. On a Facebook page under his name, the only dated entries are from Dec. 7 and 8. The page shows a cryptic message in the “About Me” section.

“My testament: Some people (the government sponsored media) will say I was evil, a monster (V) … no … I was just born poor in a country where the Wealthy manipulate, use, abuse, and economically enslave 95 percent of the population. Rich Republicans, Rich Democrats … same-same … rich … they take turns fleecing us … our few dollars … pyramiding the wealth for themselves.”

His Facebook profile picture is the red V symbol he spray-painted on the wall during the meeting, and his page includes photos from the film version “V for Vendetta,” which was also a graphic novel.

He quotes billionaire Warren Buffett, who told the New York Times in 2006: “There’s class warfare, all right, but it’s my class, the rich class that’s making war and we’re winning.”

Duke was charged in October 1999 with aggravated stalking, shooting or throwing a missile into a building or vehicle and obstructing justice, according to state records. He was convicted and sentenced in January 2000 to five years in prison and was released in January 2004. Records show Duke was a licensed massage therapist before his arrest but it wasn’t clear if he was employed.

Attorney Ben Bollinger, who represented Duke during his trial, told The News Herald of Panama City that Duke was waiting in the woods for his wife with a rifle, wearing a mask and a bulletproof vest. She confronted him and then tried to leave in a vehicle, and Duke shot the tires. He said that as part of his sentence, Duke was required to complete psychological counseling. Bollinger did not immediately return a phone message from the AP.

“The guy obviously had a death wish,” district spokeswoman Karen Tucker said of Duke.

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Wisconsin teen dies after school hostage drama

Police say Samuel Hengel, 15, shot himself after holding fellow students, teacher in classroom

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Authorities say a 15-year-old boy who held 23 students and a teacher hostage in a Wisconsin classroom has died at a Green Bay hospital from a self-inflicted gunshot wound.

Marinette Police Chief Jeff Skorik says sophomore Samuel Hengel died at 10:44 a.m. Tuesday. Skorik says Hengel, of Porterfield, shot himself as police stormed a classroom at Marinette High School Monday night.

The 24 hostages who were held for several hours Monday afternoon were not injured.

THIS IS A BREAKING NEWS UPDATE. Check back soon for further information. AP’s earlier story is below.

Trapped in their classroom with a student gunman, a group of terrified Wisconsin high schoolers worked desperately to keep their captor calm by chatting and laughing with him about hunting and fishing.

The 15-year-old gunman eventually shot himself as police stormed the room at Marinette High School hours later Monday evening, and he was in a grave condition early Tuesday.

The teenager allowed five of his hostages out after about six and a half hours, and finally all 23 and their social studies teacher Valerie Burd emerged unharmed. Student hostage Zach Campbell said the gunman seemed depressed, but he didn’t think he meant his classmates any harm.

“I didn’t know really what to think. I was just hoping to get out alive,” Campbell said Tuesday on CBS’ “Early Show.” “He didn’t want to shoot any of us.”

Campbell told The Associated Press that six of the gunman’s close friends were in that class.

Authorities also said they did not know what might have motivated the boy who made no demands or requests during the standoff.

“As far as what caused this, it seems to be a mystery,” Marinette Police Chief Jeff Skorik said early Tuesday. “We have not been able to identify anything that precipitated this incident.”

Skorik said the suspect fired three shots immediately before police entered the room, but he had also fired at least two or three shots before that. He shot into a wall, a desk and equipment in the room, but he was not aiming at any students, Skorik said. The shooter was carrying a 9 mm semi-automatic and a .22 caliber semi-automatic, and he had additional ammunition in his pocket and a duffel bag with more bullets was found at the scene, the chief said. A knife was also found in the room, he said.

A bomb-sniffing dog was brought in to check the building for explosives and none were found, the chief said. He said it was not clear where the boy got the weapons or how he sneaked them into school.

Speaking on ABC’s “Good Morning America,” student Austin Biehl said the teacher asked the gunman why he was holding them hostage.

“He just said ‘no,’ that he didn’t want anything, didn’t want any help,” said Biehl, who was so scared that his legs were shaking.

The gunman was taken to a nearby hospital. Authorities have declined to release his name. Skorik said it was his understanding that the boy was in grave condition Tuesday morning.

“The information that I’ve received is from officers on scene,” the chief said. “There was quite a bit of medical treatment going on.”

The shooter entered the classroom, where he was a student, at around 1:30 p.m., Skorik said.

Marinette Schools Superintendent Tim Baneck said the student started class without any weapons. He asked to use the restroom, and when he returned he was carrying the duffel bag containing the two guns and ammunition, Baneck said.

It wasn’t until the end of the school day, more than two hours later, that the principal learned that neither the teacher nor any of the students from the class had been seen, Skorik said. He went to investigate and was threatened by the shooter to “get out of here,” Skorik said.

Campbell said the class was watching a movie when the gunman shot the projector, then fired a second round. He had two handguns and refused to let anyone leave, Campbell said. He demanded everyone dump their cell phones in the center of the room. When the gunman’s own cell phone rang, the boy snapped it in half, Campbell said.

He wasn’t interested in talking with the teacher and told her to be quiet, Campbell said. But the gunman chatted with his fellow students, who tried to keep him talking about how he hunted and about fishing. Students even got the gunman to laugh, Campbell said.

The gunman refused to communicate with officials during the standoff, Skorik said, but allowed the teacher, Burd, to speak with them by phone.

“The teacher was nothing short of heroic,” Skorik said. “I think she kept a very cool head. She was able to keep the suspect as calm as possible. I heard that she took the responsibility of trying to assure the other students they were going to be OK. We really give that teacher a lot of credit for being able to keep a cool head under a stressful situation.”

Choral teacher Bonita Weydt said she was talking with a teacher in another classroom at the end of the day when Principal Corry Lambie came in.

“I said, ‘Corry, what’s going on?’ and he said, ‘Get out of the building,’” Weydt said.

Firefighters kept people away from the school. Anxious parents met throughout the evening with officials at the county courthouse.

After about seven hours, the boy let Campbell and four other students out to use the bathroom. Police outside the classroom whisked them to safety.

About 20 minutes later, Skorik said, officers heard three shots and broke down the door. The gunman, who was standing at the front of the classroom, shot himself as officers approached, the chief said.

Students were taken by bus to the courthouse, where they were reunited with their parents.

Keith Schroeder, a former Marinette middle school teacher, said he had the gunman as a student and also knows the boy’s teacher well. He said the teen’s family is extremely involved in all their boys’ lives.

“He’s a fine young man, and I’m totally taken aback,” Schroeder told The Associated Press. “Surprised, flabbergasted to say the least because this is a great family. It doesn’t fit any of the things or the molds that you read about people. I couldn’t say enough good things about the family.”

Skorik said the district attorney was reviewing the case and would decide whether to file any charges.

Marinette, a city of about 12,000 people, lies about 50 miles north of Green Bay on the border with Michigan’s Upper Peninsula. About 800 students attend the high school, according to its website.

Baneck noted the community went through an emergency response training exercise last year.

“So the local law enforcement officials as well as the educators were all involved in a mock shooter situation, so it is actually very fresh in our minds in terms of the training we just went through,” he said.

City Councilman Bradley Behrendt said the district spent “a whole bundle of money” on classroom doors to make them more secure, but the school doesn’t have metal detectors.

Authorities said the school would be closed Tuesday. District officials said they planned to offer counseling for students.

——

Associated Press writers Colin Fly and Carrie Antlfinger contributed from Milwaukee; writer Scott Bauer and photographer Mike Roemer contributed from Marinette; writers Kristen De Groot and Jacob Jordan contributed from Atlanta.

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