Microsoft
Firefox — the flag bearer of free software
Mozilla's browser is taking market share away from Microsoft. Sometimes, slow and steady really does win the race.
To misquote F. Scott Fitzgerald, there are no second acts in the lives of software projects.
Oh sure, the developers sometimes move on to bigger and better things. When it comes to the created works, however, the trajectory is depressingly consistent: Functional simplicity gives way to feature bloat, followed by brittleness, unreliability and, barring certain monopoly-friendly market conditions, oblivion.
For the bulk of its six-year existence, the Mozilla project has been the unwitting victim and symbol of this truism. Like Jacob Marley’s ghost in “A Christmas Carol,” the open-source browser seemed doomed to bear the sinful weight of its earlier, proprietary incarnation — Netscape Communicator — for eternity.
A funny thing happened on the way to oblivion, however. With no employer to guide them and no market to punish them, Mozilla developers stubbornly kept plugging. After delivering a stable 1.0 release of its Mozilla suite of applications (including a browser and a mail client) in 2002, four years after the project’s launch and about two years beyond initial estimates, they proposed an even more ambitious, ground-up overhaul of the underlying source code. Given the steady half-decade flameout of the original Netscape user population, developers went with the obvious code name: Phoenix.
“Team members wanted to do a reset,” says Mozilla engineering director Chris Hofmann, looking back.
The end result has been arguably the biggest comeback story in software development since Steve Jobs retook the helm at Apple. Trademark issues have forced the Mozilla team to redesignate the project Firefox, but the browser itself has met few obstacles. The 0.9 version, released over the summer, registered more than 5 million downloads. WebSideStory, a Web analytics company, puts the combined October Mozilla-Firefox market share at 6 percent, a 71 percent jump over June market share. To cap it all off, the Mozilla Foundation, official overseer of the project since its spinout from Netscape last year, officially released the 1.0 version on Tuesday, Nov. 9, and has set itself a 10 percent market share target by the end of the year.
“This is a first,” says WebSideStory analyst Geoff Johnston. “Until July, Microsoft had never lost market share. They’d had spikes, sure, but it never trended down. The bigger news now is that the trend has continued.”
Granted, Microsoft’s commanding portion of the browser market — Johnston puts Internet Explorer’s current market share at 92.4 percent — is in no immediate danger of collapsing. What is in danger, however, is the trusted wisdom that open-source developers, whether through cultural prejudice or isolation from market forces, don’t know how to deliver simple, consumer-friendly software tools. Cut loose from the corporate world, Mozilla’s developers have hit their target: a thriving, user-friendly open-source browser. The question everyone should be asking now is: Where Mozilla has trodden, will other open-source projects follow?
The Mozilla Foundation’s Hofmann says the first move in launching the Firefox redesign was soliciting feedback from dedicated users in the hopes of gleaning something that Microsoft developers might have missed.
“We wanted to gather all the different things we learned about building browsers over the last 10 years and combine that with a strong look at the way people used browsers,” Hofmann says.
One thing Mozilla developers quickly learned was that most traditional browser elements are extraneous to the everyday Web-surfing experience. Using minimalism as a design cue, developers whittled down the Firefox tool bar. They also stole a trick from Internet Explorer 5.0 and Opera, a browser created by a Norwegian company, by integrating a Google search form into the browser frame. Most important, they scrapped support for anything outside the W3C rule book, which attempts to set standards for Web development.
This latter decision, which meant that Firefox does not support Microsoft’s ActiveX extensions or any party’s VBSscript add-ons, proved fortuitious. In June, just after the 0.9 version of Firefox became available for download, a Trojan horse known as Download.Ject began to harass Microsoft Windows users en masse. A JavaScript-based Trojan horse of Russian origin, Download.Ject exploits tight coupling of Internet Explorer and Microsoft Windows. Users who visit a propagating page automatically download the invisible JavaScript applet. The applet then installs backdoor access and a keystroke logger on the unwitting recipient’s machine, thus giving third-party hackers a chance to break in at a later date.
One recent convert is Frank Scheelen, manager of the porn-specific search engine Ask Jolene. Based in the Netherlands, Scheelen’s site has a blacklist policy for thumbnail galleries and other porn sites that try to slip JavaScript applets into the downloaded bitstream. To minimize user headaches, the site has also taken to endorsing Firefox, offering a direct link to the Mozilla Foundation download page.
“Firefox is inherently safer, because it allows you to turn off the things that make Internet Explorer dangerous — popups, JavaScript, ActiveX,” says Scheelen.
The reason, says Hofmann, boils down to marketing savvy, or lack thereof. Internet Explorer currrently enjoys its dominant market share not because of Microsoft’s celebrated marketing muscle, but because of Microsoft developers’ undercelebrated flexibility. In essence, they’ve made it accessible to both sides of the browsing experience — the ordinary user who wants to take advantage of the Web’s abundant content and the commercial marketers who use dangle-free content as a lure for sideline promotions. Firefox developers, in contrast, don’t have to worry about the content-provider side and can thus focus on a few elemental details: security, downloading speed, and ease of use.
“We’ve been able to focus, saying, ‘Let’s just do the right thing for the user. If there’s a good search engine out there, let’s integrate it into the product,’” Hofmann says. “We don’t have to worry about business arrangements. We don’t have to worry about how to make money off it. Let’s just go out and make quality software.”
Hofmann isn’t the only one enjoying that freedom. Much of the Mozilla project’s success stems from the fact that individual components have been outsourced to teams obeying their own “let’s just make quality software” imperative. For example, Gecko, the layout engine that determines how Firefox displays HTML, is its own independent project under the Mozilla aegis. The same goes for Netscape Portable Runtime (NSPR), a library to ensure that applications interact with Firefox across a variety of platforms, and Thunderbird, an e-mail client still in development.
This sort of feudal distribution of authority seems like an ideal recipe for chaos. In fact, it’s exactly the sort of thing that has kept both Mozilla in general and Firefox in particular moving forward, even without a major corporate benefactor.
“Our original manifesto for Phoenix set out a few key principles: make a product that just browses, and browses well (and) keep the team small and focused,” writes Blake Ross, a Firefox team co-founder and current Stanford University sophomore, celebrating the 1.0 release on his personal Web site. “I’m proud to say we have delivered on that today.”
Such focus in the midst of complexity is a large reason many open-source projects, despite the waning of late-1990s media hype, have not lost momentum. Apart from Firefox and the ongoing SCO-IBM lawsuit, the most noted open-source story of the last two years has been the Salt Lake City software company Novell’s 2003 decision to purchase Ximian, a Linux desktop company founded by developers of the free software GNOME graphic user interface.
Noting the countercyclical timing of the purchase — IBM, Hewlett-Packard and Sun Microsystems had each invested in GNOME’s success as early as 1999 — Jeff Hawkins, vice president of Novell’s Linux Business Office, says it was the GNOME team’s sustained progress in the subsequent downturn that proved more compelling.
“Remember the phrase ‘Internet time?’” Hawkins asks, pointedly. “I think during the late 1990s there was this fallacy that somehow software could be developed faster. The truth is that software takes people writing it. It takes time.”
Hawkins credits open-source developers for adopting a “steady march of progress” mind-set in the face of shifting market and media conditions. In the case of Mozilla, that mind-set has proved especially useful given the quick die-off in excitement when the 1998 Netscape source code failed to save that company from losing the remainder of its market to Microsoft.
“They kept plugging away,” Hawkins says, of Mozilla. “People ignored them, until they got their break from the security problems in I.E.”
The Mozilla second act, in other words, is a misnomer. While the rebirth imagery works well for those of us with short attention spans, the truth is, Mozilla never really went away. If anything, its delivery comes right on time. Most successful software projects, notably Linux and Windows, take between a half-decade and a full decade to reach full maturity, and most software project managers worth their salt will tell you that a good team, like a good winery, delivers no code before its time.
Instead of the fiery phoenix or the speedy firefox, technology watchers would be well served to think of the microscopic yeast cell — a humble organism that delivers its best work when the lights are off and the oxygen supply is low — the next time they read about reignited browser wars.
“That’s one of the best strengths of open-source [development],” says Hawkins, noting the anaerobic analogy. “There’s no way to kill it in the classic sense. Even the failed companies of open source contribute to its success.”
Sam Williams is a freelance reporter who covers software and software-development culture. He is also the author of "Free as in Freedom: Richard Stallman's Crusade for Free Software." More Sam Williams.
Latest WikiLeaks: Microsoft aided dictator
Bill Gates' deal with the government of Tunisia, and other instances of officials and corporations behaving badly
Bill Gates and former Tunisian President Zine el Abidine Ben Ali. (UPDATED BELOW)
Politicians and corporations behaving badly: that’s one theme that emerges from the latest secret State Department cables released by WikiLeaks.
The new revelations don’t measure up to the seriousness of the alleged massacre of civilians by U.S. troops in Iraq that I delved into over the weekend. But they are still very much worth noting.
A cable from 2008 titled “Mayawati: Portrait of a Lady” reports that the chief minister of India’s Uttar Pradesh state (the country’s most populous) once dispatched an empty private jet to Mumbai to procure her favorite brand of sandals:
Continue Reading CloseJustin Elliott is a reporter for ProPublica. You can follow him on Twitter @ElliottJustin More Justin Elliott.
Microsoft to buy Skype for $8.5 billion
Purchase will mark largest acquisition in the software maker's 36-year history
Microsoft Corp. said Tuesday that it has agreed to buy the popular Internet telephone service Skype SA for $8.5 billion in the biggest deal in the software maker’s 36-year history.
Buying Skype would give Microsoft a potentially valuable communications tool as it tries to become a bigger force on the Internet and in the increasingly important smartphone market.
Microsoft said it will marry Skype’s functions to its Xbox game console, Outlook email program and Windows smartphones. The company said it will continue to support Skype on other software platforms.
Continue Reading CloseSteve Jobs beats Microsoft with an iPad club
The last time life was this good for Apple, the PowerBook was new and Windows 3.1 had yet to launch
The Mac Classic II The news that for the first time in 20 years, Apple’s quarterly net profit — $5.99 billion — has exceeded Microsoft’s — $5.23 billion — is remarkable for a couple of reasons. First, there’s the fact that the massive success of the iPad has pounded the market for consumer laptops and notebooks running Windows.
Continue Reading CloseConsumer PC shipments dropped 8 percent in the quarter, Microsoft Chief Financial Officer Peter Klein said. Netbooks — the cheap laptops that became popular during the recession — plunged 40 percent, partially because of defections to tablet computers, he said.
Andrew Leonard is a staff writer at Salon. On Twitter, @koxinga21. More Andrew Leonard.
Nokia, Microsoft in pact to take on Apple, Google
World's largest mobile maker will use Window's software as the main platform for its smartphones
Smartphones like the Nokia 5800 will now be programed with Microsoft Window's Phone software in a partnership aimed at taking consumers away from iPhones and Androids. Technology titans Nokia and Microsoft are combining forces to make smart phones that might challenge rivals like Apple and Google and revive their own fortunes in a market they have struggled to keep up with.
Nokia Corp., the world’s largest maker of mobile phones, said Friday it plans to use Microsoft Corp.’s Windows Phone software as the main platform for its smart phones in an effort to pull market share away from Apple’s iPhone and Android, Google’s software for phones and tablets.
Continue Reading CloseRay Ozzie leaves Microsoft
He was considered a possible heir apparent; his departure is bad news for the software giant
Ray Ozzie Ray Ozzie gave me hope for Microsoft. When he joined the software behemoth after it bought his collaboration-software company, Groove Networks, he brought qualities to the executive suite that Microsoft sorely needed. The most notable was an appreciation that the software world was moving toward models of cooperation with others as much as plotting their ruination. He was considered a potential, even likely, successor to Steve Ballmer, the only other CEO Microsoft has had besides Bill Gates.
So much for that idea. Ozzie’s departure, announced today in a weirdly low-key manner, shows that Microsoft is still struggling to define itself for the Internet era.
Continue Reading CloseA longtime participant in the tech and media worlds, Dan Gillmor is director of the Knight Center for Digital Media Entrepreneurship at Arizona State University's Walter Cronkite School of Journalism & Mass Communication. Follow Dan on Twitter: @dangillmor. More about Dan here. More Dan Gillmor.
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