Teenagers
Does “problem talk” depress girls?
Study says that talking things through causes girls greater anxiety and sadness.
We’re told to let our emotions out, intead of bottling them up. But does talking about our problems make us feel better or worse? That depends on who the “us” is, according to a new study from the University of Missouri at Columbia. The study published in this month’s Developmental Psychology examined “co-rumination,” which was defined as “excessively discussing problems … characterized by mutual encouragement of problem talk, rehashing problems, speculating about problems, and dwelling on negative affect.”
Smell like preteen spirit? No doubt, but ironically, this strategy for building close relationships and gaining moral support seems to have some unintended effects. In general, interpersonal discussions led to “high-quality” friendships for both sexes, but for girls, long-term “co-rumination” was predictive of “anxiety and depressive symptoms.” In other words, airing all that dark “self-talk” may make girls feel closer, but it doesn’t necessarily cheer them up. It may make them feel worse. The study, which looked at 813 kids age 8-15, found that boys reported no similarly adverse effects.
Yet, unraveling the conclusions from this finding is anything but easy. On the one hand, the researchers speculate, the activity of commiseration, because of its negative focus, may lead to an overblown sense of problems. On the other hand, both girls and boys struggling with more depression and anxiety in the first place tend to engage in more negative sharing. As the researchers note, the cause and effect could be cumulative with girls who have both close friendships and emotional issues, and who are inclined to excessive discussions that spiral toward yet more negative thinking and an increased dependence on their confidante.
The study didn’t address why girls display a more negative reaction to this sort of bonding than boys, but the researchers wonder if girls’ tendency to blame themselves for perceived failures has something to do with it. In other words, girls may not use a friendly ear simply to let off steam but to brood about their mistakes and shortcomings. In a society obsessed with enumerating women’s failures, this seems like a fitting preparation for adulthood. Boys don’t engage in as much co-rumination, says the study, but when they do they report that the only effect is closer friendships.
So, is the study reason to think that boys benefit from unbosoming and girls need to play their emotions a little closer to the chest? Maybe. One of the problems with the study was that researchers couldn’t compare the actual content of conversations, so how do we know we’re comparing apples to apples? Self-reporting from children and teens isn’t the most reliable source of information.
Despite the study’s obvious limitations in scope and depth, however, it gets at a central conundrum of our assumptions about communication and the therapeutic industry — be it the 12-step movement or seven years in psychoanalysis. As another researcher told the Los Angeles Times, these findings support other studies that have found that support groups can intensify eating disorders and delinquency. “You might think having social support is conducive to mental health,” Carol Dweck, of Stanford University, told the L.A. Times. “But getting people with issues together doesn’t always make things better.”
Confessional moment: The irony of girls trying to get support and feeling worse about it has particular resonance for me, even as an adult. As someone who grew up in Northern California in the ’70s and whose family used to process every five-minute spat with several hours of grueling self-analysis, early on I developed an acute case of communication fatigue. Feelings, I decided in my own little Idaho of tough love, could be crutches, disguises and distractions from the things we want to do, the people we want to become. Somehow the adult culture of obsessive sharing inoculated me from a typical adolescence of high anxiety and low self-esteem. Still, even now, I don’t understand how friendship exists without such sharing … and sometimes I even notice that if a friend conveys only happy news for a period of weeks, I find myself wondering if they still like me.
Carol Lloyd is currently at work on a book about the gentrification wars in San Francisco's Mission District. More Carol Lloyd.
My bully, my best friend
At first, I thought it was a joke when John called me "gay." By the time the school intervened, no one was laughing
(Credit: Tad Denson via Shutterstock/Salon/Benjamin Wheelock) The first time someone called me a “faggot” I didn’t hear it at all. That’s because my head was being slammed against a locker, the syllables crashing together like cymbals in my ear.
When I arrived at this new private school in seventh grade, after my mom got a job teaching, I hoped Fred and I might be friends. We were both faculty brats, and the school catered to elite students from wealthy families.
But our similarities ended there. Fred was tall for an eighth grader, and he was clear-skinned and golden, with hair so light it seemed more than blond. I was short, stocky and pale. He wore clothing emblazoned with Hilfiger and Klein. I was perpetually clothed in hand-me-downs. People whispered that he smoked pot and felt up girls after school. I had changed schools so often I’d forgotten how to make friends.
Continue Reading CloseYannick LeJacq is a freelance writer and photographer living in New York City. His work has appeared in Kill Screen, The Wall Street Journal, The Atlantic, and other publications. You can follow him on twitter @YannickLeJacq. More Yannick LeJacq.
Interview With My Bully: The bully who asked me out
Caleb insulted my dead boyfriend in front of our entire class. Years later, I learned what he'd really been after
(Credit: Tad Denson via Shutterstock/Salon/Benjamin Wheelock) My prep school may have been home to the offspring of politicians, federal judges and national media personalities, but first and foremost we were teenagers. And so in the spring of 1998, my class gathered in the school library to plan our senior prank.
“We should direct all highway traffic into the school parking lot!” somebody suggested.
“Let’s cover everything in Vaseline!” someone else said.
I played along, but I was having a tough time. Eight months before, my boyfriend Ben had been killed in a car accident. He’d been different from the other guys: almost preternaturally kind and, like me, overly intellectual. On the way to our junior prom, we’d sat in the limo discussing “The Great Gatsby.”
Continue Reading CloseJennifer Miller's debut novel, "The Year of the Gadfly," is out now from Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. More Jennifer Miller.
Desperately seeking survival
I was 13 and diagnosed with terminal cancer -- then Madonna showed me how to live
A detail from the cover of "Madonna & Me" When I was 13, my parents drove us 45 minutes from our home on a rural wooded peninsula to a suburban-mall movie theater to see “Desperately Seeking Susan.”
I wasn’t eating popcorn: One year after a surgery that removed a portion of my jaw, I could barely chew. This was just one of the small humiliations that had accumulated after I had been diagnosed with terminal thyroid cancer, undergone extensive surgery and testing, survived a recurrence of the cancer, and traded a death sentence for the murkier and far less glamorous reality of a rare genetic disorder. My neck was sliced halfway round, my jaw riddled with holes, and I had been diagnosed with a second, separate and distinct, type of cancer. The treatments had just started to remove the skin cancer ravaging my torso. Over the next three years I would have nearly four hundred biopsies.
Continue Reading CloseBee Lavender was born and raised in the Pacific Northwest but emigrated to Europe in 2004, where she lives in London with her family. Her books include a memoir about danger titled "Lessons in Taxidermy" and the anthologies "Breeder" and "Mamaphonic." Bee is the publisher of the online edition of "Hip Mama" and created and publishes Girl-Mom, an advocacy website for teen parents. More Bee Lavender.
A teen’s blog-inspired coming out
A plea for tolerance motivates a high-schooler to enlighten his mom
Dan Pearce (Credit: danoah.com) There’s a saying that nobody ever changed his or her mind on the Internet. And most of the time, that sad maxim holds a lot of water. But sometimes, something amazing happens.
Take, for instance, what happened after Utah blogger Dan Pearce wrote a frank and lovely essay on his Single Dad Laughing blog back in November, titled “I’m Christian. Unless you’re gay.” In it, he wrote about his friend he calls Jacob, a gay 27-year-old who lives in his conservative Christian community, and how “love, kindness, and friendship are three things that Jacob hasn’t felt in a long time.”
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Mary Elizabeth Williams is a staff writer for Salon and the author of "Gimme Shelter: My Three Years Searching for the American Dream." Follow her on Twitter: @embeedub. More Mary Elizabeth Williams.
Expelled for profanity
An incident in Indiana raises the question: Should tweeting an F bomb get you kicked out of school?
Austin Carroll and Garrett High School (Credit: AP) Austin Carroll is a 17-year-old high school senior in Garrett, Ind., who recently did something so outrageous that it got him expelled from school. He used profanity. On Twitter. Oh my stars and garters! What is the world coming to?
To hear even his own family describe him, Carroll sounds like a bit of a handful. Last month, he earned a suspension for violating the school dress code and wearing a kilt, and last fall, he ran afoul of the school administration for tweeting an F bomb via a school computer.
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Mary Elizabeth Williams is a staff writer for Salon and the author of "Gimme Shelter: My Three Years Searching for the American Dream." Follow her on Twitter: @embeedub. More Mary Elizabeth Williams.
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