Fiction
Salon’s guide to Nobel winner Doris Lessing
Novelist, memoirist, activist, fantasist -- this entry from "The Salon.com Reader's Guide to Contemporary Authors" takes you on a guided tour of the celebrated writer's long literary career.
Lessing, Doris
1919-
b. Kermanshah, Persia (now Iran)
For over half a century, Doris Lessing has turned her prolific pen to just about every prose form — fiction, autobiography, essays, drama. Yet all of her writing stems from the impulse to lay bare the grid of class, race, and gender relations that governs her middle-class characters’ lives. Lessing brings the microscopic intensity of George Eliot and the combative sexual consciousness of D.H. Lawrence to bear on English culture, whether the context is the provincially hierarchical “settler” society of Southern Rhodesia in “A Proper Marriage” or the beleaguered bohemia of “free women” in “The Golden Notebook.” Lessing’s reputation as one of the most important novelists of the post-World War II period rests firmly on her contribution to the grand tradition of English social realism. Yet Lessing herself once dismissed George Eliot, to whom she is so often compared, as “good as far as she goes”; she prefers to claim the more cosmopolitan influence of Tolstoy and Balzac.
Indeed, this apparently most British of writers was thirty years old before she set foot in England or published her first novel. Her upbringing on a farm in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) acquainted her more thoroughly with the isolation and racial exploitation of white colonial culture than with an imperial literary heritage. Her formal schooling ended at age fourteen, and in “Under My Skin,” the first volume of her autobiography, Lessing notes with pride the real accomplishments of her youth: the ability to “set a hen, look after chickens and rabbits, worm dogs and cats, pan for gold, take samples from reefs, cook, sew, use the milk separator and churn butter, go down a mine shaft in a bucket, make cream cheese and ginger beer … drive the car, shoot pigeons and guineafowl for the pot, [and] preserve eggs.” By the time she left for London in 1949, she had augmented these accomplishments with two divorces, three children, the obloquy of Communist party membership and anti-apartheid agitation, and the unpublished draft of her first novel.
Colonial race relations, political activism, and the burdens of women have remained her central concerns. Her first novel, “The Grass Is Singing,” about a farmer’s wife drawn into a doomed affair with an African worker, approaches its material from a distance. Lessing infuses a simple plot with the intensity of Greek tragedy: She portrays the wife’s murder by the African, Moses, as the inevitable outcome of male violence and female passivity fostered by white settler culture. Lessing depicts the white experience of colonial Africa more urgently and directly in her five-novel Children of Violence sequence (1953-1969), in which she embeds the sexual, political, and intellectual development of her protagonist, Martha Quest, in a detailed evocation of the communist and progressive political and intellectual life of Rhodesia and London in the 1950s and 1960s.
Anna Wulf, the novelist heroine of Lessing’s most celebrated work, “The Golden Notebook,” continues Martha’s quest: political activism, sexual experimentation, maternity, female friendship, and authorship all feed into her struggle for authentic, integrated selfhood. The declarative simplicity of the novel’s opening line –”The two women were alone in the London flat”– belies its explosive effect on several generations of women intellectuals struggling to reconcile the life of the mind, the imperatives of the body, and the gender roles they inherited from the 1950s. But as Lessing herself insists, “The Golden Notebook” achieved innovations beyond its contribution to what she dismissively terms “the sex war.” The novel combines omniscient observation, Anna’s own musings in four different journals, and sections from Anna’s novel manuscript. These interwoven narratives capture both an individual consciousness and a particular cultural moment with something of the multilayered depth of James Joyce’s “Ulysses.” Public events shape private histories in Lessing’s novels, often violently. In “The Good Terrorist,” for example, middle-class Alice Mellings keeps house for a pseudo-communist cadre until a too-successful bombing destroys her illusion of control. In the chilling “The Fifth Child,” terror emerges from the bosom of the family, when Harriet Lovatt gives birth to the sociopathic Ben, the embodiment of a disaffected savagery that, Lessing suggests, will inherit the urban future. Lessing anatomizes a less dramatic, but perhaps more pervasive, anguish in “The Diary of a Good Neighbor,” “If the Old Could …” and “Love, Again,” in which women whose familial and productive relationships have passed away confront the isolation of aging.
Lessing’s scary genius lies in her ability to bring her readers face-to-face with an unadorned reflection of some of our more depressing, but all too human, features. At the same time, her realism has always coexisted with a tendency toward mysticism. Her novels of the 1970s compellingly combine a surface of social and geographic detail with journeys into an inner space that Lessing described, in “The Real Thing,” as “so much more intelligent than the slow, lumbering, daylike self.” In the haunting “Memoirs of a Survivor,” for example, worlds separated by time and space interpenetrate through the vision of the unnamed female narrator, enabling her to save herself and her companions from extinction. But when Lessing leaves humanity entirely behind, as she does in the science fiction sequence Canopus in Argus: Archives (1979-1983), her depictions of warring galactic empires lack the individuality and emotional insight she brings to earthly society. In the novel “Mara and Dann,” she returns once again to the theme of earthly apocalypse, with human, if visionary, protagonists.
In “Under My Skin,” Lessing describes her long-ago attempts to explain to her young children her departure from their lives: “[I told them] I was going to change this ugly world, they would live in a beautiful world where there would be no race hatred, injustice, and so forth … One day they would thank me for [leaving] … I was absolutely sincere. There isn’t much to be said for sincerity, in itself.” It is typical of Lessing to emphasize the limits of good intentions, even her own. Yet in doing so, she paradoxically underlines her dedication to a more rigorous sincerity, a vision as stripped of illusion as her art can make it.
FICTION: “The Grass Is Singing” (1950), “This Was the Old Chief’s Country” (stories, 1952), “Martha Quest” (Children of Violence series, 1952), “A Proper Marriage” (Children of Violence series, 1954), “Five: Short Novels” (1955), “Retreat to Innocence” (1956), “The Habit of Loving” (stories, 1958), “A Ripple From the Storm” (Children of Violence series, 1958), “The Golden Notebook” (1962), “A Man and Two Women” (stories, 1963), “African Stories” (1964), “Landlocked” (Children of Violence series, 1966), “The Four-Gated City” (Children of Violence series, 1969), “Briefing for a Descent Into Hell” (1971), “The Temptation of Jack Orkney and Other Stories” ([republished as Volume 1 of Collected Stories, 1978] 1972), “The Summer Before the Dark” (1973), “The Memoirs of a Survivor” (1975), “To Room Nineteen” (Volume 2 of Collected Stories, 1978), “The Diaries of Jane Somers” ([including "The Diary of a Good Neighbor" (1983) and "If the Old Could…" (1984), originally published under the pseudonym Jane Somers], 1984), “The Good Terrorist” (1985), “The Fifth Child” (1988), “The Real Thing: Stories and Sketches” (1992), “Canopus in Argos: Archives” ([contains "Colonized Planet V, Shikasta" (1979), "The Marriage Between Zones Three, Four, and Five" (1980), "The Sirian Experiments: The Report of Ambien II, of the Five" (1981), "The Making of the Representative for Planet 8" (1982), "Documents Relating to the Sentimental Agents in the Volyen Empire" (1983)], 1992), “Playing the Game: Graphic Novel” (1993), “Winter in July” (stories, 1993), “Love, Again” (1996), “Mara and Dann” (1999), “The Sweetest Dream” (2002)
NONFICTION: “Going Home” (1957), “In Pursuit of the English” (1961), “Particularly Cats” (1967), “A Small Personal Voice: Essays, Reviews, Interviews” (1975), “Prisons We Choose to Live Inside” (1987), “The Wind Blows Away Our Words” (1987), “African Laughter: Four Visits to Zimbabwe” (1992), “Under My Skin” (Volume 1 of “My Autobiography, 1949-1962,” 1994) “Walking in the Shade” (Volume 3 of “My Autobiography, 1949-1962,” 1997)
50 shades of Shutterstock
Slide show: Everyone's favorite light-bondage bestseller illustrated by inexplicable stock photography SLIDE SHOW
This week, for roughly the millionth time, E.L. James’ romance-bondage trilogy “50 Shades” nabs the No. 1, 2 and 3 spots on the New York Times bestseller lists. We don’t get it either. Every page of that book, which famously began as “Twilight” fan fiction, elicits a sigh of confusion and weird secondary embarrassment. The question is: Who would read this? (The answer is: Apparently everyone.) It’s the same baffled, helpless feeling we get when we sort through stock photos on a daily basis. Stock photos – which have been the subject of recent outstanding Internet satire – are used by this site, and many others, to illustrate our flood of content. Many are plain and simple, but a good portion are flat-out mind-blowing. Why did anyone think that photo was a good idea? It only made sense to join these forces. And so, we present to you passages from the most head-scratching bestseller of our time, illustrated with the assistance of inexplicable stock photography.
Megaphone by Natalie Bakopoulos
Miracles happen, even in an Athens crippled by a garbage strike, to a young mother unsure of her ability to love
(Credit: iStockphoto/caracterdesign) It’s the third week of the garbage strike and Athens has begun to smell. Bright-colored trash bags fill the curbs and alleyways, and we have learned to step over the rubbish and avoid the blocks that had become unnavigable. We know which stretches are particularly foul — a stretch along Mavili Square, or the entire top end of Monastiraki. Odos Athinas is a sea of trash, and Omonia is ghastly but we don’t go there anyway. May has gone from unseasonably cool to raging hot, and the garbage seems to be melting. In front of the museum it’s like yet another installation project. When I arrive each morning I want to wretch.
Continue Reading CloseNatalie Bakopoulos's first novel, "The Green Shore," will be published by Simon & Schuster in June 2012. Her work has appeared in Tin House, Ninth Letter, Granta Online, and The O. Henry Prize Stories 2010, and she is a contributing editor for the online journal Fiction Writers Review. More Natalie Bakopoulos.
Almost by Chris Pavone
She never thought of herself as ambitious, until motherhood and career collided in one horrifying hospital ride
(Credit: iStockphoto/caracterdesign) It’s just before dawn when Isabel puts the final page down on the fat stack of paper that sits on the rumpled bedspread, next to an overflowing crystal ashtray and a crumpled soft-pack of cigarettes. She’d tried Wellbutrin and Xanax; she’d used patches and gum. In the end, the only thing that made her quit smoking was being pregnant.
But then, after everything, she couldn’t help but start up again. At first it was just a single cigarette per day, or two. Then it became a few, and within months she was back to full-throttle. Over the past couple of years, she’s tried to quit a few times, but not seriously. She anticipates — she accepts — failure. Because she doesn’t want to quit, not really. She wants instead to try, and fail.
Continue Reading CloseMemorial Day fiction: Are we there yet?
Salon exclusive: At the start of the summer fiction season, new stories from Chris Pavone and Natalie Bakopoulos
(Credit: iStockphoto/caracterdesign) “Are we there yet?”
It’s a dreaded sentence. When it’s spoken by an anxious child from the back seat, it’s enough to make stressed-out parents wish they’d never taken a family vacation in the first place. And even if it’s delivered as a sing-songy punch line, from an impatient partner or spouse on a long road trip, it’s an irritating eye-roller of a joke.
So this Memorial Day weekend — the unofficial start of the summer vacation season, and therefore the summer fiction season — we asked two novelists to reclaim the sentence in a new and adult context. For our latest fiction project, there was only one simple rule: Each story had to include the line “Are we there yet?” in a fresh and surprising way.
Continue Reading CloseDavid Daley is the senior culture editor of Salon. More David Daley.
“Frankenstein” remixed
This masterful new adaptation of Mary Shelley's classic novel may be the best interactive fiction yet
Whatever interactive fiction is (and we’re still figuring that out) it suffers from all the problems of traditional fiction and then some. The vast majority of novels and short stories aren’t much good, but when a branching fiction — along the lines of the old “Choose Your Own Adventure” children’s books — fails to engage, the first impulse is to blame the form rather than the content. Let “Frankenstein,” just released by Inkle Studios and Profile Books, serve as a reproach to that reflex. The app is a creative, subtle and sensitive adaptation of Mary Shelley’s classic novella, and it has singlehandedly renewed this critic’s hopes for interactive fiction.
Laura Miller is a senior writer for Salon. She is the author of "The Magician's Book: A Skeptic's Adventures in Narnia" and has a Web site, magiciansbook.com. More Laura Miller.
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