Ask the Pilot
Safe outcome in Warsaw belly landing
How the LOT Polish 767 lost all three landing gear units is anybody's guess. Kudos are due to the well-trained crew
A Boeing 767 of Polish LOT airlines makes an emergency landing at Warsaw airport, Nov. 1, 2011. (Credit: AP) On Tuesday afternoon, a LOT Polish Airlines Boeing 767 made a graceful touchdown at the airport in Warsaw. The problem was, the plane had no landing gear. All three of the widebody jet’s gear units — twin main gear sets and a smaller set near the nose — had failed to deploy, forcing a rarely seen belly landing.
Naturally the event was captured on video and became an Internet sensation even before the fire trucks had finished with their foam. How quaint seem the days, not all that long ago, when people would wait around excitedly for the nightly news in order to catch some grainy footage.
I’m somewhat loath to give this incident more attention than it has already gotten. Landing gear malfunctions tend to be splendidly telegenic, but rarely if ever are they going to end in catastrophe.
Back in 2005 we had the grotesquely overhyped saga of JetBlue Flight 292, an Airbus A320 that touched down in California with its nose gear twisted. This non-event, covered here and here, became a days-long media spectacle. In 2010 an ASA regional jet made an emergency landing in New York after a main gear malfunction, and just last week an Iran Air Boeing 727 touched down sans its nose gear in Tehran.
What made Tuesday’s LOT mishap different, and potentially more hazardous, was that none of the jet’s gear had come down. The pilots would not have the opportunity to bleed off speed while balancing on one or more sets of tires. This increased the likelihood of a fire or serious structural damage, as both of the plane’s massive engines would be sliding along the pavement at high speed. Directional control would also be more difficult — probably the most challenging aspect of the landing.
Nevertheless, what we saw unfold is about what I, for one, would have expected to unfold. There were no casualties and I’m not the least bit surprised by that. There was lots of smoke, some sparking and grinding and maybe a quick shot of flame. But emergency crews had been standing by, and even if a fire had erupted it would have been doused within seconds.
The landing itself would have been perfectly routine up to the last second. From a pilot’s perspective there’s no real trick other than to touch down as slowly and smoothly and with the wings as level as possible — not a whole lot different from a normal landing. Approach and landing speeds are determined by weight, not technique: The jet would have been comparatively light, having burned away most of its fuel during the long flight from America. Further dumping of fuel would have been impossible, as only the main (center) tank of the 767 has jettison capability and it would have been empty by this point.
The key to minimizing damage and injury in a situation like this is preparation. The aircraft circled Warsaw for several minutes, providing ample time for the pilots (there would have been at least three pilots in the cockpit) to troubleshoot (albeit not successfully), run their checklists, and brief the rest of the crew and passengers on what to expect. The flight attendants would have reviewed their evacuation procedures, stowed away loose items and made sure everyone was ready. On the ground below, fire and rescue crews got into position (as did the gawkers with their cellphones and cameras). Really this wasn’t about pilot technique or seat-of-the-pants skills so much as preparation, coordination and good management of a crisis.
I am sure that many of the LOT passengers were saying prayers and scribbling out goodbye messages to loved ones, but the possibility of anybody being killed was minimal.
The million-dollar question, obviously, is how in the world did all three landing gear units of a modern commercial airliner fail to come down?
I wish I could tell you. I fly 767s for a living and I’m as mystified as anybody else. The plane has both a normal and alternate gear extension system. The normal system uses hydraulics, the alternate relies mostly on gravity, allowing the huge assemblies to more or less free-fall into place if need be. Neither of these, for reasons we’ll learn soon enough, did the trick. Whatever the problem was, it seems to have been something pretty far up the chain of the systems’ architecture, such that neither of two independent systems was sufficient.
The 767 has been in service for nearly 30 years, together with its little brother, the 757. The 767 is the much larger of the two, but otherwise these aircraft are extremely similar, sharing a so-called common type certification that allows pilots like me to be simultaneously qualified on both. In all the millions of landings these planes have made over the past three decades, nothing like this has happened before.
LOT, for its part, is a small but well-respected carrier with an excellent safety record. A freak malfunction? A maintenance mistake of some kind? We’ll find out eventually. Until then, congratulations appear to be in order to the LOT crew, whose training and composure helped ensure a safe outcome.
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The other big story from the past few days, meanwhile, was the JetBlue tarmac stranding at Bradley International Airport in northern Connecticut, where several JFK-bound flights diverted during the weekend’s big snowstorm in the Northeast.
This topic makes me tired just thinking about it, and there’s little I can say that I haven’t said already in coverage of similar strandings, such as here and here and here.
One thing to keep in mind is that crews do not enjoy these marathons any more than passengers do. Unfortunately, they are more or less at the mercy of the staff who are overseeing and coordinating things, often from afar. Short of declaring an emergency, something for which he’d need to answer both to the FAA and his superiors, the captain cannot unilaterally decide to let people off the airplane and out onto a taxiway or an icy apron. Neither can he simply drive the plane up to the terminal and make use of the Jetway of his choice.
As for the idea of passengers taking matters into their own hands and initiating their own evacuation, as several emailers have suggested, I reckon that half of them would wind up breaking their legs or clobbering themselves over the head with their carry-ons as they plummet down the escape slides. Those slides are very steep and are not designed with convenience in mind. They are there to get a planeload of people out of and away from the aircraft as quickly as possible — without their belongings.
That being said, does it need to be such an ordeal getting people from an airplane and into a terminal? Or, failing that, should it be that difficult getting adequate food, water and supplies to a stranded aircraft? Of course not.
Carriers need to better manage and coordinate these scenarios, and need to be willing to think outside the box. On the bright side, multi-hour strandings are extremely rare, especially now that airlines can face fines of millions of dollars per occurrence. There are close to 20,000 commercial departures every day in the United States and we see this only once or twice a year. But when they do happen, they always make the news and they’re a public relations disaster. Not to mention terribly un-fun for those people stuck on the plane.
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Do you have questions for Salon’s aviation expert? Contact Patrick Smith through his website and look for answers in a future column.
Patrick Smith is an airline pilot. More Patrick Smith.
Behind the underwear bomb
The latest airplane terror plot wouldn't have been foiled without airport security -- but not the kind we all know
Travelers line up at a TSA checkpoint at Los Angeles International Airport.
(Credit: Reuters/Danny Moloshok) In my mind, the key to keeping airplanes safe is, and always has been, stopping acts of sabotage while they are still in the planning stages. Here in the age of the TSA checkpoint, with its toothpaste confiscations and obsession with pointy objects, we tend not to think this way, preoccupied instead with a kind of airport Kabuki — the tedious, fanatical screening of passengers and their carry-ons. Real airport security takes place offstage, as it were. It is the job of the folks at the CIA and the FBI, working together with foreign authorities. And while TSA has an important role here too, we can do without the spectacle of airport guards rifling through innocent people’s bags in a pathological hunt for what are effectively harmless items.
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Letter from Mumbai
Could this long-winded carpet merchant really mistake me for a wealthy customer, ready to whip out my credit card?
(Credit: Patrick Smith) Flying from Europe to India, we pass overhead Odessa, Ukraine. Odessa, they say, is home to the most beautiful women in the world. Then across the Black Sea to Azerbaijan and the gorgeous barren landscapes of Georgia. Next comes the ink-dark Caspian, and then the long desolate outback of northwestern Iran. (The controllers down in Tehran are courteous and professional, their English impeccable — easier to understand than most Scottish controllers.)
From there it’s directly overhead the apocalypse of Karachi, followed by a turn southbound, out across the Arabian Sea toward Mumbai.
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Revere Beach reveries
It was my perfect beach: Sand, clean water to swim in, and situated right below the approach to Logan Airport
A smiley-face balloon floats over Revere Beach in Revere, Mass. (Credit: AP) Sometimes when I hear the whine of jet engines, I think of the beach.
I don’t expect that to make sense to you — unless, like me, your childhood was defined by an infatuation with jetliners and summers spent at a beach that sat directly below an approach course to a major airport.
That would be Revere Beach, in my case, just north of Boston, in the mid- to late 1970s.
Then as now, the city of Revere was a gritty, in many ways charmless place: rows of triple-deckers and block after block of ugly, two-story colonials garnished in gaudy wrought-iron. (Revere is a city so architecturally hopeless that it can never become gentrified or trendy in the way that other Boston suburbs have.) Irish and Italian families spoke in a tough, North Shore accent that had long ago forsaken the letter “R.” Shit-talking kids drove Camaros and Trans-Ams, the old-country cornuto horns glinting over their chest hair.
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Beware the “office” romance
Do pilots and flight attendants really stay in separate hotels on layover? Plus: Do pilots bring their own food?
(Credit: Xavier Marchant via Shutterstock) Why can’t commercial jets be fitted with an exclusive side entrance into the cockpit, making it impossible for a potential skyjacker to gain access?
I am asked this all the time. It presents a number of complications.
First, you can’t simply cut a hole into the side of a plane and add an extra door. Doing so would require a large-scale and extremely expensive structural redesign. And in most cockpits there simply isn’t room for such an addition.
Presumably, too, you’d need to add a lavatory to the cockpit. And what about rest facilities? Long-haul flights carry augmented crews that work in shifts, and the off-duty pilots require a suitable place to relax or sleep. You’d be doubling or tripling the size of the average cockpit, which in turn would take up space already used for galleys, storage and passenger seats.
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The things I carry
All those gadgets, chargers, adapters and cords are supposed to make my life easier. I'm not so sure
(Credit: Patrick Smith) The scourges of modern-day air travel.
I can think of a few: TSA, delayed flights, garbage in your seat pocket. Screaming kids and misdirected luggage. “CNN Airport News.”
Or, how about the blizzard of cardboard placards that hotel chains insist on littering their rooms with? I spend a quarter of my life in hotel rooms, and I resent having to spend the first five minutes of every stay gathering up an armful of this diabolical detritus and heaving it into a corner where it belongs. Attention, innkeepers: This is fundamentally bad business. One’s first moments in a hotel room should be relaxing. The room itself should impart a sense of welcome. It shouldn’t put you to work.
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