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Tuesday, Jan 29, 2013 7:45 PM UTC

Who’s who in Egypt’s latest political crisis

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Topics: From the Wires,

CAIRO (AP) — Following are the main players in Egypt’s latest political crisis, which began around the time of the second anniversary of the start of the uprising against Hosni Mubarak’s rule. At least 60 people have died so far in political violence.

— President Mohammed Morsi, the longtime Muslim Brotherhood figure who became Egypt’s first freely elected leader: During his seven months in office, he sidelined the previous military leadership, pushed through an Islamist-backed constitution and began installing Brotherhood supporters in some state institutions. But in the process, large sectors of the public were alienated, and he has failed to put forward a program for salvaging a crumbling economy.

After violence erupted last week, he was silent for days until a Sunday night TV address to the nation in which he wagged his finger and at times screamed, announcing a 30-day state of emergency and nighttime curfew in three Suez Canal provinces, vowing to take stronger action if unrest continued.

— The Muslim Brotherhood, the secretive, 82-year-old fundamentalist group that forms the backbone of Morsi’s leadership: Egypt’s most organized political group with a nationwide network of activists, it has dominated elections since the fall of Mubarak. It says that gives it the mandate to reshape Egypt, insisting it supports democracy with a conservative religious basis. Opponents call it undemocratic, accuse it of trying to dominate Egypt and fear it is stepping into the place of Mubarak’s former ruling party.

When protests the past week turned violent with attacks on police stations and government offices, the Brotherhood have portrayed the protesters as thugs and old regime loyalists.

— Police: The security forces were driven from the streets during the anti-Mubarak uprising and they have never fully returned, remaining in disarray and resentful, hated by many for the deaths of protesters and past abuses. During this week’s violence, angry policemen drove their top boss, the interior minister, out of a funeral for two officers killed in the rioting, accusing him of not doing enough to protect them. The police complain they are not adequately armed to face protesters attacking police stations. They are also reluctant to risk their lives to protect the rule of the Islamists, their enemies during the Mubarak years.

— The military: Generals ruled Egypt directly for nearly 17 months after Mubarak’s fall, a period that tainted their reputation in the eyes of many Egyptians because of abuses. They have at times appeared to have reached an understanding with Morsi. But now commanders say they are in a predicament: Troops have deployed in the cities of Port Said and Suez to protect installations, but they want to avoid confrontations with protesters. In a stark warning, army chief and defense minister Abdel-Fattah el-Sissi said if the crisis continues, it could lead to the collapse of the state.

— Salafis, ultraconservative Islamists who have emerged as Egypt’s second strongest political force: They have largely supported Morsi, at times pushing the government for a stricter, more extensive implementation of Shariah, or Islamic law. They have so far stayed away from the protests. But Tareq el-Zomor, a prominent Salafi from the onetime jihadist group Gamaa Islamiya, warned in a news conference that party members would set up vigilante groups to protect private and public property if security forces fail to do so, a prospect that carries the danger of street clashes between Islamists and opposition supporters.

— The National Salvation Front, the main opposition coalition: It was formed in November amid a wave of public anger against Morsi over decrees, since rescinded, giving him almost unrestricted powers. Led by Nobel Peace laureate Mohamed ElBaradei, it groups the main liberal and secular opposition parties and includes two former presidential candidates, Hamdeen Sabahi and ex-Arab League chief Amr Moussa. It does not officially represent the young men and women taking part in protests. It rejected a call by Morsi this weekend for dialogue, saying the talks were not serious — a move that could boost its credibility among protesters. It has also threatened to boycott the next parliamentary elections, possibly in April, if Morsi does not meet demands for a national unity government and the amending of contentious clauses in the constitution.

— The Black Bloc is a mysterious group of masked young men who present themselves as the defenders of protesters opposed to the Morsi’s rule. The youths with faces hidden under black masks have appeared among stone-throwing protesters in clashes with police around Egypt the past week. On Tuesday, top prosecutor Talaat Abdullah ordered that all members of the group be arrested on sight.

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Gripping photos: The people of the Turkey protests (slideshow)

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  • The protests take on a festive element as police forces move out of the park and square. Wearing a gas mask, this young man dances to traditional Turkish music in front of Taksim Square’s Ataturk Monument.

  • In Gezi Park since March 31st, this protester, originally caught off-guard by the Government’s teargas and water cannons, went out and bought a Russian army mask from WWII, preparing for what was to come.

  • This rambunctious boy seems to be enjoying the chaos. After taking this picture he threw a stone at the already destroyed building in the background.

  • Forming a line, the police face off directly with protesters in Taksim Square. After a while, they retreated and there was a general cheer – a back-and-forth dance that has been common since the beginning of this protest.

  • An elderly woman in Gezi Park reads the news. The tent community occupying the park was violently destroyed on June 16th.

  • Many different groups had set up booths to promote their cause in Taksim Square and Gezi Park. Standing in front of one, this man waves his flag while posing with conviction.

  • Many home-remedies are used to minimize the effects of tear gas. This woman has put a milky solution on her face, removing her mask after the tear gas dissipated. Before sunrise, the police came again for another round of teargasing.

  • People capitalize on the uprising -- selling flags, beer, gas masks, sky lanterns and spray paint to name just a few of the popular items.

  • On Monday morning, June 11, the police execute a strong offensive. Many plain-clothed police officers, like the ones seen here, clash with protesters in the side streets away from the main stand-off in Taksim.

  • The authorities seem to be most aggressive in the night, pushing protesters away from the square and park. After being teargassed this young woman catches her breath with other protesters on Siraselviler Street.

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