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- - - - - - - - - - - - By Leah Kohlenberg July 10, 2000 | The two young women sitting in a Seattle bar one Saturday night are living, breathing examples of modern thinking regarding birth control. In their early to mid-20s, both live with boyfriends they may or may not marry, and both have taken oral contraceptives for years. One of them even took the "morning-after" pill when she was in college. They are savvy, intelligent professionals who are unquestionably pro-choice on the abortion issue. Yet neither of them is particularly in favor of making birth control pills available without a doctor's prescription.
"The Pill doesn't affect everyone the same way," says one. "What if it made you sick? What if women didn't go in to get their Pap smears and annual checkups?" The other nods. "When I took the morning-after pill, it was really, really harsh," she says. "I'm not sure I would have wanted to go through that alone." Their opinions are reflective of the strange debate -- or nondebate -- surrounding the Food and Drug Administration's most recent open discussion about whether oral contraceptives, including the morning-after pill, should be available over the counter. Birth control pills have been available in the U.S. for decades, but only by prescription. Emergency contraceptives -- large doses of the Pill that can prevent pregnancy if taken within 72 hours of conception -- became legally available more recently. In some parts of the country, like Washington and Oregon, pharmacists are trained and licensed to prescribe emergency contraceptives at the pharmacy, making them effectively an over-the-counter product. The potential benefits of making the Pill available without a prescription are obvious, though untested: Such a move would increase access and thus reduce unwanted pregnancies, as well as eliminate the hassle of getting prescriptions refilled. While insurance carriers would probably stop covering contraceptives, an open market might force drug makers to lower prices. "It would be an interesting experiment," muses Elizabeth Nyman-McHugh, a physician assistant who has worked in clinics serving low-income clientele and the director of health services at Evergreen State College in Olympia, Wash. "In general, the Pill is pretty safe and easy to take. My perspective comes from promoting population control, and anything we can do to reduce unwanted pregnancies is a good idea and is good for public health." But in the face of the increasingly pervasive use of oral contraceptives, the debate seems to have swung away from the right to use them toward the safety of using them. At a series of public hearings held at the end of June, birth control was probably the least contentious item in a list of prescription drugs the FDA is exploring making over the counter, from anti-allergy drug Claritin to cholesterol-lowering medications. That's no easy feat for reproductive rights issues, which usually mobilize the pro-life and pro-choice movements into polemical stances.
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