Books to watch out for

Jonathan Franzen’s “Freedom”: Brilliant portrait of our times

The author takes us on a dark, epic, funny tour of modern life with a family of conflicted idealists

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Now that we know that the world is filled with opinionated, neurotic busybodies and compromised idealists just like us, our contempt springs to the surface so easily. We resent recognizing bits of ourselves in so many others, seeing how much more effectively (and photogenically!) these people put their ideals into action, through their daily yoga classes and lucrative yet admirable jobs as environmental lawyers, through the whimsical crafts and organic layer cakes they make with their creative, adorable children, through the two-week vacations they take in Maui or the Wakefield dressers they refinish for junior’s bedroom. Instead of bringing us together, the Internet shows us that we not only aren’t remotely unique, but everyone else out there is pursuing the same lifelong dreams and embracing the same hobbies with far more focus, style and energy than we could ever hope to muster.

Jonathan Franzen captures this particularly divisive moment in our culture with breathtaking clarity and wit in his new novel, “Freedom,” yet he may as well be one of these somewhat distasteful characters himself. Best misunderstood as the snooty genius who recoiled at the sight of an Oprah’s Book Club logo on the cover of his widely lauded novel “The Corrections,” Franzen‘s actual comments on the subject were hardly ferocious.

No matter. In the age of the echo chamber, popularity and talent and lofty ideals, when combined with a tendency to split hairs, will only win you the widespread resentment of other, far less popular fallen idealists. It’s not surprising, then, that Franzen is garnering a new wave of contempt in anticipation of the Aug. 31 release of his new novel. Thanks to a gushing, preemptive New York Times review (“a masterpiece of American fiction”) and reports that Obama himself, at this very moment, may just be perusing the pages of “Freedom” on Martha’s Vineyard, we are forced to encounter Franzen much as we encounter the faintly competitive urban perfectionists he portrays in his new novel: We have just enough information to revile him, but not enough information to truly understand him.

Or at least, that’s how Franzen quite cleverly begins his story. We meet Patty and Walter Berglund first through the neighborhood gossip about them. There is nothing at all wrong with this couple, and that’s precisely what’s so wrong with them. “They paid nothing for their Victorian then killed themselves for ten years renovating it,” Franzen writes, and we know this pair immediately. As Franzen puts it, they are the sorts of privileged liberals who have the time to wonder, “Was bulgar really necessary?” and “How elaborate did a kitchen water filter actually need to be?” Patty Berglund, an overachieving homemaker, alienates her neighbors with her relentless attention to detail, yet she sprinkles self-deprecation into all of her conversations, to the point where they wonder if such exaggerated self-loathing is the tic of someone who is “trying to spare the feelings of less accomplished homemakers” — or maybe she’s just trying to disguise her superiority complex.

The almost cartoonish exaggerations and gossipy distance of the first section of the novel are a neat trick, really: By the time Patty’s overzealous child-rearing backfires and her intolerance for those who don’t share her values starts to emerge, we’re primed to enjoy watching her take a hard fall.

This is when Franzen brings us in closer, in an autobiographical segment ostensibly written by Patty herself, about her childhood, the mistakes she made in child-rearing, and her regrets concerning her marriage. Thanks to a particularly brutal betrayal by her socially conscious but somewhat callous parents, Patty’s overbearing nature is soon rendered not only understandable, but almost valiant. And yet, Patty remains a recalcitrant, demanding, obnoxiously pushy force throughout the course of the novel, always saying too much and then regretting it, always lavishing love and attention on her favorite son while showing inadequate appreciation of her devoted husband. We sense that Patty’s many resources — time, money, love, luck — only bring her the luxury of misery. It’s as if the more room she’s given to thrive, the more she creates enemies and neglects her allies and eats herself alive. Patty is a delectable reflection of the times, in other words: good intentions undone by pent-up anger, misguided devotion, and the insatiable demands of an oversize ego, an ego that goes unchecked because Patty has the impulse control of a small child.

Even as Franzen sets forth this conflicted modern archetype and others — at once loathsome and likable, self-deluded and admirable, self-serving and self-sacrificing — he dares to nurture his affection for each of them. He has the same sense of humor about his characters that John Updike once did: He pokes fun at them, but he delves into their pasts so we can see how their weaknesses and flaws were once adaptive traits that pulled them out of dead-end situations. Walter Berglund strikes us as a self-righteous, prim little man, until we see how he’s dedicated most of his life to taking care of his alcoholic father and misguided but sweet mother, no matter the cost. His friend Richard Katz is a prototypical egocentric rocker type, with all of the effortless charisma and lady-slaying tendencies that entails, but his devotion to (and envy for) Walter hints at an undercurrent of self-loathing beneath his ennui. Walter and Patty’s son, Joey, is the ultimate blustery, handsome golden child whose petulant lashing out at his parents would be intolerable, if not for the loyalty and sweetness in him that he has trouble accessing and expressing. It’s hard not to feel for these characters. Although we’re often suspicious of their motives or question their loyalty and goodness, we still want them to get what they want, even when we know it’s all a big, misguided mistake.

Of course, the really impressive feat here is Franzen’s larger portrayal of the misguided mistakes of middle-class America: the delusions we indulge in our pursuit of happiness, the ways we neglect the greater good for the sake of our little family units, and the difficulty of setting aside our personal needs to save a world on the brink of total collapse. We’re free, yes, and we use our freedom to build our own little fussy, claustrophobic, granite-countertopped islands, while the rest of the world goes straight to hell around us. Sooner or later, with our racing thoughts and our cruelly competitive urges, we join them there, Maui vacations and Wakefield furniture be damned.

“Freedom” is a multilayered, richly imagined novel, full of big ideas and provocative characters and a riveting plot. But even as we delight in Franzen’s characters and understand how they got to be the way they are, we don’t quite feel how it is to be inside their skin. Maybe that’s because the characters themselves seem to watch their own actions from a distance. When Patty is pushed to the brink of ruining everything she’s built, she remains oddly detached. “There came to her, with curious vividness, a kind of PowerPoint list of names in descending order of their owners’ goodness.” When Walter becomes tempted to give in to an obsessive distraction that’s been dominating his life for several months, he never seems to lose himself to it completely. “There was no controlling narrative: he seemed to himself a purely reactive pinball in a game whose only object was to stay alive for staying alive’s sake.” Even moments of extreme passion are described with all of the feverishness of high-level diplomatic negotiations: “He would have liked to just be held by her for a while, but her body had other ideas, and his own body agreed with them.”

This distance may reflect a conscious attempt by Franzen to capture the alienated thinking of the modern neurotic. There are heated arguments, dark nights of the soul and crystalline moments when something new is revealed about this or that character, but even the players involved observe most of it from the psychiatrist’s leather chair. “Walter was frightened by the long-term toxicity they were creating with their fights,” Franzen writes of a low point in Walter’s marriage. “Her level of distress seemed borderline dangerous,” Joey rationally observes of his depressed girlfriend. At another point Joey wonders, “Why had he stuck with Connie? The only answer that made sense was that he loved her.” Even as Franzen zooms in, the messy, indistinct core of each character’s experience is never fully breached. And when the emotionally catastrophic events take place, they’re described in retrospect or observed with casual indifference: “On the whole, he felt that his decision not to dive from the bridge in Washington had been a good one.”

At other times, Franzen uses intellectual distance to demonstrate the impossibility of separating the personal from the political. As betrayal and death and other twists loom on the horizon, we’re treated to lengthy passages on how to resolve the estate of the deceased, or we disappear into the folds of mountaintop removal mining in West Virginia. These diversions fit into the rather tight premise of the novel, concerning as it does the push and pull of capitalist pressures against honoring the greater good. As much as we might enjoy a more visceral experience of Patty or Walter or Richard, these are characters who never quite manage to get to the heart of any matter without being led astray by their own neuroses.

Ultimately, “Freedom” is a complexly layered, richly imagined domestic tale about personal responsibility that dares to challenge the long-term global ramifications of our most private choices. Because, when even the hair-splitting idealists among us are ricocheting around in their little pinball machines instead of standing up for what they believe in, the world really is in big trouble. 

Heather Havrilesky is Salon's TV critic and author of the rabbit blog. Her memoir, "Disaster Preparedness," published in 2010.

Bond, James Bond, comes back for more in new novel

American writer Jeffery Deaver, author of "The Bone Collector," will pen the book, due in May 2011

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Chill the vodka and dust off the martini glass. James Bond is back.

A new novel featuring the world’s most famous secret agent is set to be published next year, the family company of Bond creator Ian Fleming said Friday.

The as-yet untitled book carries the top-secret code name “Project X,” and will be written by American novelist Jeffery Deaver, best known for his series of thrillers featuring forensic genius Lincoln Rhyme.

It’s scheduled to be published May 28, 2011 — which would have been Fleming’s 103rd birthday. It comes nearly 60 years after the publication of “Casino Royale,” the first novel to feature 007.

Deaver said Fleming’s work was important to him, “both literarily and personally.”

“They appealed to me as wonderful stories but they also stood as singular examples of a thriller writer’s craft,” he said in a news release. “I learned, through osmosis as well as design, much technique from Mr. Fleming’s work: compactness, attention to detail, heroic though flawed characters, fast-pacing, concrete imagery and straightforward prose.”

In 2008, British novelist Sebastian Faulks wrote a Bond novel to mark the centenary of Fleming’s birth. That book, called “Devil May Care,” was released around the world and landed on best-seller lists. “Devil May Care” was set in 1967, and featured some of the trademarks expected in a Bond story: a glamorous woman with an improbable name, Scarlett Papava, and a menacing villain who had a monkey’s paw for a hand.

Deaver, who lives in North Carolina, has sold more than 20 million copies of novels worldwide. “The Bone Collector,” was made into a film in 1999, with Denzel Washington playing Rhyme and Angelina Jolie his trusted sidekick. A new Rhyme novel is due out in June in the United States and July in Britain.

Another novel, “Garden of Beasts,” won the prestigious Crime Writers’ Association Ian Fleming Steel Dagger Award, given for the best adventure or thriller novel written in Bond-like style.

Ian Fleming Publications Ltd. managing director Corinne Turner thought then that “James Bond could have an interesting adventure in Jeffery Deaver’s hands.”

His Bond book, to be set in the present day, will be published by Hodder & Stoughton in Britain and Simon & Schuster in the United States. More than 100 million James Bond books have been sold around the world.

In April, it was announced that work on the next Bond movie — known only as “Bond 23″ — had been stopped indefinitely because of uncertainty about the future of distributor Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Inc. The film was due to be released in 2011 or 2012.

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New Obama book reveals Pentagon quarrel

Jonathan Alter's tome details a spat between the president and Defense Secretary Robert Gates

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President Barack Obama reprimanded top Pentagon officials last year for pressing publicly for a troop increase in Afghanistan.

That’s according to “The Promise,” a book on Obama’s first year in office by Newsweek writer Jonathan Alter. It goes on sale May 19.

The book says Obama laid into Defense Secretary Robert Gates and Joint Chiefs Chairman Mike Mullen in an Oval Office meeting last October.

Obama was irked by the leak of a confidential report by Gen. Stanley McChrystal calling for an expanded military presence in Afghanistan, and by McChrystal saying he could not support a strategy relying on special forces and unmanned drone attacks.

Obama was conducting a lengthy review of operations in Afghanistan at the time. He largely sided with the generals and agreed to deploy 30,000 more troops.

Millard Kaufman: The 90-year-old boy novelist

McSweeney's remembers the boisterous fiction writer, World War II soldier and co-creator of "Mr. Magoo"

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Millard Kaufman: The 90-year-old boy novelist

Millard Kaufman published two books with McSweeney’s — his debut novel, “Bowl of Cherries,” when he was 90 years old, and then “Misadventure,” his posthumous final novel. Born in 1917 in Baltimore, Millard served in World War II and fought in Guadalcanal, Guam, and Okinawa. He is the cocreator of “Mr. Magoo,” and wrote two Oscar-nominated screenplays. He led an extraordinary life, to be sure, and accumulated an impressive list of accomplishments. But the staff at McSweeney’s will remember him more for the stories he told. Endlessly self-deprecating, Millard was always telling stories, never failing to capture our attention with the breadth of his experiences. Below, Jordan Bass, Millard’s editor at McSweeney’s, tells a story of his own about coming to know a writer, who, even after ninety-two years, still had much more to offer. 

I first heard the name Millard Kaufman in September 2006, when McSweeney’s was on the hunt for new books to publish; his agent had passed away, and his novel had made its way to us. Our books editor at the time, Eli Horowitz, sent me a few links as background: an IMDB page featuring Millard reminiscing about Humphrey Bogart (“a wonderful chess player”); an excerpt from “Shade of the Raintree,” a history of the film “Raintree County,” with a quote from the critic Bosley Crowther calling the screenplay (which Millard had written) “a formless amoeba”; a San Francisco Chronicle article which quoted Millard saying, “I don’t know how Sinatra was with other people, but around me he was very real.”

We were dealing, in other words, with a writer who had survived half a century of Hollywood (he wrote a number of other screenplays besides “Raintree County,” including the great “Bad Day at Black Rock“; Bosley Crowther liked that one better), a writer who seemed to have known everyone and had the stories to prove it. On top of all that, he had alighted in his late eighties with a finished manuscript for a novel of reckless youth. Eli and I passed the pages back and forth, agreed that it was fantastic, and bought it. 

Millard had many more stories (he is the only first-time novelist I’ve met who could relate first-hand writing advice from Charlie Chaplin), but I came to know him through the novel — “Bowl of Cherries,” that first book, is the tremendously sharp, tremendously funny story of Judd Breslau, a fourteen-year-old child prodigy who recovers from being kicked out of Yale by chasing an Egyptologist’s daughter to Iraq.

It reads not at all like it was written by an eighty-nine-year-old, except for the wry inclusion of words like “bosky” and “thew” and “slubber”; it is a dead-on portrait of an addled young man, with a spirit of high-comedic adventure and an understanding love and ambition that those of us born after the signing of the Treaty of Versailles should only hope to match. We brought it out in 2007, at which time it had a very fine run as a small-press novel; Millard, meanwhile, celebrated his ninetieth year on this earth with a few events around LA (he wasn’t traveling anymore by then, or we would have sent him everywhere we could) and went to work on novel #2.

That book, “Misadventure,” came to us in 2008. It was a more grown-up, darker story, although still full of the wit and romantic entanglements that peppered the prior one — it was a noir this time, set in and around LA, exploring among other things the cratering real-estate market and several more deadly kinds of familial strife. Millard was as ready as ever to dig into it with us; as we got into the edits, he was already talking about the next story he wanted to write. It would be a Hollywood story, centered on powerful men older yet again than the teenagers of his debut or the just-shy-of-thirty schemers of the newer book; he would put down on the page the scandals and the skeletons his scriptwriting days had revealed to him. We couldn’t wait to see it.

Millard, though, was already ailing, by that time; as he finished up the work on “Misadventure,” honing every double-cross, his health kept getting worse. He passed away on March 14, 2009, just after his ninety-second birthday. Our last conversation had been about his latest edits — he had that same agile mind to the end, that same joy in the work. He was gone before we knew it. 

A year later, though, having gone back to the book, and having enlisted Millard’s son Frederick, an author himself, to help us make a few last refinements we did our best to bring a bit of his voice back again — “Misadventure,” with all its luckless strivers and bloodthirsty vixens, hit shelves last month. Frederick’s own take on it is below; it’s a hell of a book, by a hell of a man. We’re thrilled to have known him, and to have worked with him, and we’re sorry he isn’t here anymore.

From the Afterword to “Misadventure

My father died before the edits came through for this book, so the final calls fell to me. His death, lousy in all other respects, delivered a not unwelcome sense of déja vu: Although it was the first time Millard had died, it was not the first time I had edited this book.

The task initially fell to me when I was fresh out of college, earning less than minimum wage from a textbook publisher who worked the gifted-and-talented racket. I operated the freight elevator, and the boss called me Cheetah.

One day, Cheetah was summoned to a musty corner of the warehouse. Here, the boss informed me he was looking to expand his literary offerings beyond brain teasers and math problemoids, and did I have any ideas? I mentioned that my father had just finished a novel.

Millard had been writing novels ever since he became permanently pissed off at Hollywood for the treatment his friends and fellow citizens had received during the blacklist, and thus was born the exit strategy that would bear fruit half a century later, when he published “Bowl of Cherries” and became America’s most famous ninety-year-old boy novelist.

Back in my elevator-operator days, Millard was an unpublished novelist of sixty-six. Which was when I first became his editor.

It was fabulous, an Oedipal fantasy realized, a reversal befitting the search-and-destroy mission for a father at the center of the book in question. After all those years of him telling me how to write, the tables had turned.

We disputed our way through his prose. On the west coast, among his cronies gathered around the table of the Hamburger Hamlet, Millard must have made light of such redaction by his son, and I imagine he was not entirely displeased when six months down the line the boss once again summoned Cheetah to his bunker to say that all novelistic ambitions for the company had gone kaput. “Misadventure” would have to wait another quarter century to see the light of day. By not being published, the old man had won another round.

This time, the edit was easy, and not because the author wasn’t around to argue. Except for a spot here and there where the talented Jordan Bass asked for a clarification, I didn’t touch a word.

A week before he died Millard was too weak to talk but somehow, despite the needles and exhaustion, he would whisper a word or two for me to take down. For his next novel, he told me. Collaboration and irony to the very end, and beyond.

– Frederick Kaufman, January 2010

Here’s a short video of Millard that McSweeney’s put together after publishing “Bowl of Cherries.” 

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The cougar gets her due

The 1965 bestseller "In Praise of Older Women" is designated a classic

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When I wrote recently about Judy Blume’s “Forever” being the mildly scandalous novel of choice for dog-earing and passing between adolescent girlfriends in the mid-’80s, I had no idea that boys did the same thing with titillating fiction — or at least, they did 20 years earlier in the U.K. In Wednesday’s Independent, John Walsh writes of Stephen Vizinczey’s “In Praise of Older Women” — which is being re-released as a Penguin Classic this week — “Once we’d established that it wasn’t some pervy encomium about grandmothers, it quickly became a favourite in school locker-rooms: copies were passed from hand to hand, pored and sniggered over, heads were shaken about the ‘amorous recollections of Andras Vajda.’” After describing content way more salacious than anything Blume ever conceived, thank you very much, Walsh adds, “And to our head-spinning envy, the priapic Andras started his Don Juan career when he was our age. There it was, in black and white, on page 22: the little beast discovering oral sex at 12, from a soldier’s wife in her 40s.”

Hold up — what? That’s not May-December romance, that’s sex with a child too young to consent. And while Vizinczey told Walsh the book isn’t strictly autobiographical, he says, “I did have my own experience to draw on. I was very lucky, at 14, to have a girlfriend, a neglected wife in her 30s. I learned a great deal from her about English poetry.” (So that’s what kids called it back then?) Obviously, the author doesn’t recall the experience as traumatic — which I’m glad of, for his sake — and 12-year-old Walsh didn’t mind the thought of it. But the double standard is still shocking; imagine those lines appearing in an article with the genders reversed, and no one batting an eye.

Having said that,  I do think Vizinczey has some very interesting things to say about double standards that apply to couples who are old enough to consent. And at a time when the “cougar” label just will not die — yet pairings of young, beautiful women and much older men remain unremarkable as ever — his thoughts are awfully refreshing to hear. For instance, here’s his take on 25-year-old women: “I’m sure they’re very attractive. But I’d say to them, ‘If you are 25 and intelligent, you’ll be a more intelligent and worthwhile person, at 40 or 50.’ I’m not against youth. But I think I’m a wiser and better person than at 25.” He expands on that theme in an interview with Celia Walden for The Telegraph: “The sex appeal of a woman has very little to do with the kind of things magazines talk about. It doesn’t have much to do with big breasts, small breasts, figure — the most important part of sex appeal is humanity, an affectionate nature, intelligence.” And in response to the claim that older woman/younger man couples won’t last, Vizinczey, who’s been married for 47 years to a woman 6 years his senior, says, “Most relationships don’t last, regardless of the age of the couples. Enduring relationships depend not only on the ages of the couples, but whether or not they are people on the same wavelength, which is why I think mine will go on lasting.”

Contrast that with psychologist Oliver James, who tells Walden that “the ‘older woman’ dynamic is not straightforward, because women, on the whole, are not attracted by nubility in younger members of the opposite sex — whereas men are” and states bluntly, “There probably is something wrong with women who persist in going for very large age gaps.” Ah, that’s more familiar! Men like sex and women don’t. Men are attracted to youth and beauty, while women are only attracted to money and status. Men who date women their daughters’ age are just being rational — grandpa caveman still want symmetrical features and good waist-hip ratio for make baby caveman! — but women who date men even a few years younger are stunted, vain and predatory. Given how rare it is to hear anyone argue against those points, it’s no wonder Vizinczey’s originally self-published book has sold millions of copies.

Nevertheless, even a fan like Walsh seems skeptical of whether it deserves Penguin classic status “along with Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart and Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique.” And although I agree with Vizinczey when he says “Predatory relationships … can exist even between people of the same age,” I’m still unsettled by the implication that relationships between 12-year-old boys and fortysomething women should be seen as consensual and mutually fulfilling. (Demi and Ashton, I get. Demi and a seventh grader? Very different story.) But as long as cougar-panther-puma mania persists, casting pretty much all women who dare to express their sexuality past the age of 22 as simultaneously ridiculous and threatening, there’s something to be said for a bestselling author who believes ” The sexiest thing about a woman is her intelligence” and “the intelligent 20-year-old will be even more interesting and exciting when she’s 40 or 60.”

 

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Kate Harding is the co-author of "Lessons From the Fatosphere: Quit Dieting and Declare a Truce With Your Body" and has been a regular contributor to Salon's Broadsheet.

January books: DNA, drugs and Patti Smith

A reader's checklist for the first month of 2010

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January books: DNA, drugs and Patti Smith

Compiled by Salon staff, a short list of  upcoming works to keep your eye on.

Nonfiction

  • Just Kids by Patti Smith
    The music legend about bohemian life in New York City in the ’60s — and her friendship with Robert Mapplethorpe.

Fiction

  • Noah’s Compass by Anne Tyler
    The author of “The Accidental Tourist” writes about a retired teacher and father of three grown daughters as he contemplates the end of his life.
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