Critics' Picks

Critic’s Picks: The tragic twilight of Leon Trotsky

A gripping new account captures the October Revolution's great intellectual facing doom (and feeding bunnies)

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Critic's Picks: The tragic twilight of Leon Trotsky

No matter what your political orientation, if you believe — or ever did believe — in the potential betterment of humanity, then you’ve got something to learn from the strange and tragic story of Leon Trotsky. It’s a tale of pride and power and political failure, of genius turned to the service of dogged, dogmatic conviction, of a supremely intelligent man who destroyed others in the name of a cause that then destroyed him. It was a story that finally reached its end in 1940, in a legendary encounter with an assassin armed with a mountaineer’s pickax, as Stanford professor Bertrand Patenaude illustrates in “Trotsky: Downfall of a Revolutionary,” his gripping, cinematic new book about the last years of the Ukrainian Jew who was born Lev Davidovich Bronstein. (Whatever your feelings about Trotsky, the story of his murder by Ramón Mercader, the suave Stalinist agent who had wormed his way into the heavily guarded Trotsky compound outside Mexico City, may give you sleepless nights.)

The one true intellectual among 20th-century revolutionaries, Trotsky has been the subject of numerous biographies, including the one he wrote himself (“My Life”) and Isaac Deutscher’s overly worshipful but still definitive three-volume treatment. Patenaude is not exactly competing with those, although at this point in history his book will provide a completely adequate summary of Trotsky’s life and achievements for most general readers. (As Patenaude observes, if you’re inclined to read Trotsky’s own work, his masterpiece remains the epic-scale “History of the Russian Revolution.”) Instead, he paints a distinctive portrait of a human Trotsky, in exile and in disgrace, and hence at his most sympathetic. Trotsky feeds bunnies and chickens at his house in Coyoacán, sleeps with Frida Kahlo and feuds with her husband, Diego Rivera, and launches all-too-accurate broadsides against his nemesis Joseph Stalin, which would be widely and shamefully ignored or resisted by many Western leftists.

At the same time, Patenaude argues that Trotsky’s political, philosophical and personal failures were profound and inescapable. In this telling of the tragedy, our hero’s tragic flaw is a mixture of incurable optimism and stubbornness. Trotsky became V.I. Lenin’s principal lieutenant just before the October Revolution of 1917 and was without doubt its greatest rhetorician and orator, as well as the founder and commander of the Red Army. But as Patenaude reminds us, it was Trotsky, a lifelong believer in social democracy as a mass movement, who had warned a few years earlier that the political philosophy Lenin dubbed “democratic centralism” was dangerous: “The entire structure of Leninism is at present based on lies,” he wrote in 1912, “and carries within it the poisonous seeds of its own destruction.”

All the what-ifs, in Patenaude’s view — what if Trotsky had out-maneuvered Stalin, after Lenin’s death? What if Trotsky had acknowledged the revolution’s crimes and turned away from orthodox Marxism? — are irrelevant, because Trotsky could never have done those things. His genius lay in language, not politics. (It sounds like he’d have made a great TV personality.) I’m not quite sure about this. Trotsky did allow himself momentary room for doubt, writing just before the end of his life that should worldwide proletarian revolution not arrive with World War II, “nothing else would remain except only to recognize that the socialist program … ended as a Utopia.” Even with all the blood on his hands and all his misguided certainty about Marxian “dialectical materialism,” Trotsky still stands out as a vital, monumental figure somewhat larger than his context. As philosopher John Dewey wrote to his fiancee after watching Trotsky speak, “‘Truth, justice, humanity’ and all the rest … are receding into the background before the bare overpowering interest of the man and what he has to say.”

Critics’ Picks: More daring than Lady Gaga

"The Marchesa Casati" celebrates an eccentric European siren who led her pet cheetahs through the streets of Venice

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Critics' Picks: More daring than Lady Gaga

The eccentric, extravagant socialite Marchesa Luisa Casati once declared, “I want to be a living work of art,” and it’s a feat she pulled off during her lifetime. More significantly, though, even in a world where celebrities work overtime to assert themselves as daring originals, the Marchesa Casati continues to cast her hypnotic, heavily perfumed spell from beyond the grave.

That seductive aroma wafts from every page of “The Marchesa Casati: Portraits of a Muse.” Casati (1881-1957) was a tall, slender beauty with a taste for the unusual (even, apparently, when it came to sex) and a luxurious and idiosyncratic personal style: A celebrated figure in early 20th century European society, she’d stroll through Venice leading her two pet cheetahs on jeweled leashes; her daily look comprised an electric tousle of dyed-red hair and eyes rimmed with wide, dark rings of kohl. (She also used belladonna drops for added sparkle — please don’t try this at home.)

Like its subject, “The Marchesa Casati: Portraits of a Muse” is a sleek, glamorous volume. The text, by Scot D. Ryersson and Michael Orlando Yaccarino (also the authors of the Casati biography “Infinite Variety: The Life and Legend of the Marchesa Casati”), is lively and informative, but it’s the illustrations (including photographs and drawings by the likes of Man Ray, Cecil Beaton and Jean Cocteau) that do most of the haunting here: A 1908 painting by Giovanni Boldini shows Casati in a raven-black portrait hat that might look ordinary, if not for the way her enormous, almond-shaped eyes peer from beneath it. Later, Jazz Age portraits show a wild-eyed woman who could be on the verge of madness — or who was, perhaps, just grooving to her own private Stravinski-like melody. Casati died, virtually penniless, in London. But as Ryersson and Yaccarino tell us, “A later acquaintance recalled how Luisa invited him for gracious dinners of tinned food, and of her habit of telephoning him to ask with adventurous enthusiasm: ‘I have ten shillings. Shall we have a bottle of cheap wine or go for a taxi ride?’” This was a life where money may have been squandered, but pleasure was not.

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Stephanie Zacharek is a senior writer for Salon Arts & Entertainment.

Critics’ Picks: The 1939 classic lives on

A new book illuminates why "Gone With the Wind" endures, on the page and on film

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Critics' Picks: The 1939 classic lives onCritics' Picks: The 1939 classic lives on

This year marks the 70th anniversary of David O. Selznick’s much loved movie version of Margaret Mitchell’s equally loved “Gone With the Wind.” Readers are ferociously protective of their favorite books, and there’s no doubt that the movie version — credited, ultimately, to director Victor Fleming, although both George Cukor and Sam Wood spent time working on it — takes some significant liberties with the source material. But, as film critic and historian Molly Haskell suggests in her breezy yet deeply insightful study, “Frankly, My Dear: Gone With the Wind Revisited,” the “book” versions of Rhett and Scarlett and their “movie” counterparts reinforce one another rather than cancel each other out: For good reason, the two couples share space in our collective imagination rather than jockeying for supremacy.

Haskell tells two intertwining stories in “Frankly, My Dear”: One details how Mitchell, a proper Atlanta lady who nonetheless harbored a rebellious streak, came to write (largely in secret) a novel whose scope encompassed rich historical details, complex societal attitudes and one extremely complicated (and bracingly modern) heroine. The other is a succinct thumbnail sketch of how the movie version, almost against all odds, came to be made. Haskell, a Southerner herself, writes beautifully about how the book and the movie — separately and as shifting mirror images of each other — captivated her as a young girl:

“I read and loved the book, but the movie, which I saw after, blazed its images across the page, the two becoming fused in my mind. Where some — a relative few in my experience — disliked the movie for interfering with the Scarlett and Rhett they had vividly imagined, I happily welcomed these bewitching creatures into my pantheon of immortals, little realizing at the time the strength of the impression, how much space they could or would consume, eclipsing and overshadowing ‘real life’ lovers.”

“Frankly, My Dear” also offers a sympathetic, perceptive reading of Vivien Leigh’s portrayal of Scarlett. Leigh, after playing the role of a lifetime, battled tuberculosis and manic depression; her career never really accelerated, and she died, at age 53, in 1967. Without playing armchair quarterback, Haskell draws astute connections between Leigh’s personal difficulties and the fervor she brought to this challenging role: “Leigh … invested Scarlett with something beyond beauty, something altogether uncanny — a demonic energy, a feverishness that would later tip over into illness and pathology.” Haskell describes the way Leigh captured “the negative beauty of Scarlett, a Jekyll-and-Hyde mercurialism, the wide eyes narrowing into harsh willfulness.” Those words are a tender tribute to what Leigh accomplished, forging a compassionate link between a troubled actress and the fictional character who came to define her.

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“Love to Love You Bradys” by Mary Elizabeth Williams

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“AD: New Orleans After the Deluge” by Mary Elizabeth Williams

Akira Kurosawa’s “Kagemusha” on DVD by Andrew O’Hehir

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Stephanie Zacharek is a senior writer for Salon Arts & Entertainment.

Critics’ Picks: When the Bradys jumped the shark

Was "The Brady Bunch Variety Hour" the worst TV show ever? A new book makes a convincing (and charming) case

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Critics' Picks: When the Bradys jumped the sharkThe Brady Bunch Variety Hour

You think reality TV invented shamelessness? Kids, you have no idea.

“The Brady Bunch” was a corny, campy, but strangely lovable part of our lives. “The Brady Bunch Variety Hour” was the mutant cousin in the basement. Now, even those born long after the time when a perm and wide shirt collar were somehow considered attractive can experience it in glorious horror via a photo-packed, glitter-dappled scrapbook co-written by the one in curls herself, Susan Olsen.

For one strange and inexplicable late ’70s year, America’s favorite blended family returned to the television airwaves as the spangly stars of one of the most appallingly weird spectacles to ever make it to network television. “Love to Love You Bradys” is, undeniably, a head-scratchingly hilarious celebration of a show that welcomed both Tina Turner and H.R. Pufnstuf, that notoriously featured a “fake Jan,” and that the authors themselves refer to as “a steaming turd.” It’s also a candid peek into the workings of a sinking, polyester ship, replete with closeted homosexuality (Robert Reed), drug abuse (Maureen McCormick), hissy fits (Florence Henderson) and some of the worst attempts at singing and dancing ever recorded in human history.

Only by understanding those things that Ann B. Davis refers to as “unmitigated disasters” can we hope to never repeat them. “Love to Love You Bradys” is the “Wisconsin Death Trip” of the disco era — strange, awful and utterly, guilt-inducingly fascinating.

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Akira Kurosawa’s “Kagemusha” on DVD by Andrew O’Hehir

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Mary Elizabeth Williams

Mary Elizabeth Williams is a staff writer for Salon and the author of "Gimme Shelter: My Three Years Searching for the American Dream." Follow her on Twitter: @embeedub.

The elegance of the gourmand

Muriel Barbery's follow-up to "Hedgehog" makes for a delicious meal: One part novel, one part foodie fantasia

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The elegance of the gourmand

Muriel Barbery’s last book, “The Elegance of the Hedgehog,” was a massive bestseller both in France and in America. But while the story of a depressed concierge and an angsty teen girl had moments of lyricism, I found its near-constant literary and philosophical allusions pretentious, and its characters unlikable. Thankfully, Barbery’s new book (or old book, technically, as it was written first), “Gourmet Rhapsody,” manages to transform these weaknesses into strengths.

“Rhapsody” is the tale of the masterly food critic Pierre Arthens, who lies on his deathbed struggling to remember the one flavor that he believes has defined his life. Every other chapter is narrated by Arthens and centers around a single food item, such as “Toast” or “Mayonnaise,” moving in the manner of a detective story toward the mystery flavor. The other chapters each feature a different narrator who has known Arthens in some capacity. Everyone from his granddaughter to his cat to the statuette of Venus in his study gets a chance to weigh in.

Barbery is at her best in the Arthens chapters, writing with all the gusto of a true gastronome. A tomato is “crimson in its taut silken finery, undulating with the occasional more tender hollow.” An octopus is “loath to divulge its secret liaisons to one’s bite,” a poeticization of “chewy.” Arthens’ evocative descriptions are balanced with passages of painful pomposity,  such as when the act of watching another person eat is described as a moment “exempt from the infinite vanishing line of our own memories and projects.” However, the pretension that was so problematic in “Hedgehog” is forgivable, even enjoyable, here, because we’re allowed to dislike the protagonist.

Arthens is a man who cheats on his wife, describes his children as “monstrous excrescences,” and is effectively blind to everything but food. But it is that very single-mindedness that makes his deathbed confession such a joy to read. As his eventual revelation makes clear, Arthens has lived his life worshiping a false idol. But all monomanias are pure, and so the critic becomes a kind of tragic hero. Barbery’s triumph is in managing to tell his story while simultaneously conveying his passion. Like any good work of food writing, one puts it down a little bit hungry.

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Tommy Wallach's work has appeared in McSweeney's, Tin House, and The Huffington Post. His occasionally updated blog can be found at http://www.tommywallach.com.

The best sci-fi series you’ve never heard of

Forget the latest from J.J. Abrams. The six-part miniseries "The Lost Room" is a cult hit waiting to happen

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The best sci-fi series you've never heard ofPeter Krause and Peter Jacobson

How is it that the juicy slice of cult greatness known as “The Lost Room“ never went further than a six-episode miniseries on the (then) SciFi channel? Ten times more clever and a hundred times more stylish than fan-bait like “Fringe” and “Warehouse 13,” the 2006 show may have suffered from the excellence of its ingredients, specifically a fine cast, led by Peter Krause (“Six Feet Under”) and Julianna Margulies (“ER”), easily lured away by richer projects. (Krause went off to star in ABC’s now-canceled prime-time soap, “Dirty Sexy Money,” which was no better than it sounds.)

“The Lost Room” is a puzzle series centered around an assortment of seemingly banal items and a motel room that ought to be just outside of Gallup, N.M., yet isn’t. While investigating a bizarre homicide, Detective Joe Miller (Krause) stumbles into an underworld of conniving collectors and spooky zealots. Spurred on by the (somewhat proforma) disappearance of his little daughter into the metaphysically unstable room, he tangles with crusaders, hoodlums, fanatics and tycoons (including Margaret Cho, resplendent in press-on nails as a dealer working out of the back room of a dry cleaner), all chasing after the objects and some of them convinced that their quests will enable them to “know the mind of God.” Part of the delight of “The Lost Room” is watching so much cosmic portent emerge from the shabby workaday noir milieu of Pittsburgh and Route 66, so I won’t give away any more of the story than that. Less cryptic than David Lynch and funkier than “Lost,” “The Lost Room” is in its own way more fun that either; once you’re hooked, though, you’ll have to content yourself with poking around on The Collectors, an ingenious fan board run by devotees of the series.

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The Beatles: Rock Band ” by Alex Koppelman

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Laura Miller

Laura Miller is a senior writer for Salon. She is the author of "The Magician's Book: A Skeptic's Adventures in Narnia" and has a Web site, magiciansbook.com.

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