Paul Shirley

Why can’t the NYT and WP agree on Haiti?

How the media's conflicting coverage of race, class and the earthquake evokes memories of Hurricane Katrina

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Those of us who lived in New Orleans during Hurricane Katrina are all too familiar with reading stories in the press, written by people unfamiliar with this town, its politics, geographies and citizens who descended just for the big story, that misunderstood either the details of our complicated city or what it and our neighbors endured here.

As we saw in New Orleans, much of what people got wrong was driven by their preconceptions about the city, with some quickly accepting as truth false rumors of unthinkable violence by the poor people abandoned in the city and others failing to realize that the flood destroyed upper-middle-class white and black neighborhoods, along with middle-class white and black neighborhoods, before stranding the city’s poorest (flooded and unflooded) residents, who became the most visible face of a much more complicated disaster. (People from other places still sometimes express surprise about this when I explain that a rich, white neighborhood was one of the first to flood.)

So it is unsurprising to see the American media struggle to get the story straight in Haiti, a country that many of the journalists now there were likely completely unfamiliar with a week ago.

I hadn’t quite grasped this reality until I saw competing headlines, one in the New York Times on Sunday and another in the Washington Post on Monday, telling stories about the impact of the storm on the rich in Port-au-Prince that seem completely at odds with one another.

The New York Times, on the cover of Sunday’s paper, carried the headline, “Earthquake Ignores Class Divisions of a Poor Land.” The story is summed up in the following paragraphs:

Earthquakes do not respect social customs. They do not coddle the rich. They know nothing about the invisible lines that in Haiti keep the poor masses packed together in crowded slums and the well-to-do high up in the breezy hills of places like Pétionville.

And so it was with the devastating temblor that tore through Port-au-Prince, the Haitian capital, last week, toppling houses large and small, and trapping and traumatizing residents no matter where they stood on Haiti’s complicated social scale.

The story in yesterday’s Washington Post carried the headline “Haiti’s Elite Spared Much of the Devastation” and tells a far different story:

Although Tuesday’s 7.0-magnitude earthquake destroyed many buildings in Port-au-Prince, it mostly spared homes and businesses up the mountain in the cool, green suburb of Petionville, home to former presidents and senators.

A palace built atop a mountain by the man who runs one of Haiti’s biggest lottery games is still standing. New-car dealers, the big importers, the families that control the port — they all drove through town with their drivers and security men this past weekend. Only a few homes here were destroyed.

I have never been to Haiti, no less Port-au-Prince or Petionville, but I don’t see how both stories can be accurate. But, especially for those of us who have seen a complicated and nuanced place reduced to generalities by someone without sufficient grasp of the place to begin with, it should be a reminder that, from this distance and in the midst of a crisis, it is hard to get any real read of the texture of a place as complex as Haiti.

I suppose it should also come as no surprise that both these stories about Petionville, and so much of the press about New Orleans, seem especially off-base about issues of class and, in New Orleans, the intersection of class and race. While such divisions are, of course, very often visible on the surface of a city, the dynamics are always much more complicated. Take New Orleans, which commentators suggested was segregated between black areas and white areas when in fact the historic city was integrated by design and remains much more racially diverse in its neighborhoods than most American cities, a fact that does little to change that it is also stunningly racially polarized.

While I admire some of the reporting I have seen from Haiti and feel like I am getting a picture of what is happening there (while having to hold back tears at the horror of some of the things that I am seeing), it is worth remembering that there will be things, like the “Babies Getting Raped in the Superdome” story after Hurricane Katrina, that may not hold up under the clear light of day, which will hopefully come soon for Port-au-Prince and Haiti.

Billy Sothern a criminal defense attorney and writer in New Orleans. He is the author of “Down in New Orleans: Reflections from a Drowned City.”

Billy Sothern is a New Orleans writer and attorney living in Oxford, Miss., until he can return home. His nonprofit, Reprieve, accepts donations to support the organization's many indigent clients who are now homeless and without money or credit.

Is it racist to report on looting in Haiti?

Why the "it-isn't-looting-if-you're-starving" argument is particularly lame

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Criticism has been growing over the last few days over the Dread Mainstream Media’s coverage of sporadic violence and looting in Port-au-Prince.

While most print and broadcast media have been careful to emphasize the word “sporadic,” there have been reports of looting of stores and homes, tussles over food at distribution spots, gangs of young men wielding machetes walking down city streets and a few cases of vigilante justice where citizens have turned on looters and lynched them on the spot.

Most of the blogo-punditry has deemed any coverage or mention of looting or lawlessness as “racist,” hearkening back to shoddy, race-tinged reporting in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. Theoretically, these critics would prefer the media make no mention of post-disaster violence and focus exclusively on the stories of people coming together in the face of catastrophe. Moreover, they’d prefer a narrative of lawlessness as a socially acceptable response to a desperate situation.

“When someone is starving or dying of thirst and they steal food or water, it isn’t ‘looting,’” writes Tom McNalley in the Huffington Post in a representative argument. “It’s ‘surviving.’ This is especially true after a devastating natural disaster. (And more so when your country is about 100 degrees year round.)”

The “it-isn’t-looting-if-you’re-starving” argument strikes me as particularly lame. Stuff doesn’t stop belonging to someone else just because there’s an emergency and you need it more.

Don’t get me wrong: If I were in Haiti right now, I’d be walking out of the nearest demolished supermarket with a bra full of Spam and canned peas … but I wouldn’t argue it was some egalitarian redistribution of goods.

This is the language we have to work with: To loot means to plunder, and to plunder means to seize wrongfully or by force. As Marc Herman of Global Voices notes, the Germans call it pluendern. The French say pillage. Spaniards call it saqueo. In every language, the word “looting” carries within it the terrible breakdown of civic order.

And this is exactly why the media needs to keep covering it. Because lawlesslness is indicative of a much larger, more critical issue than racism.

As we approach one full week since the disaster, the failure of international rescue operations to mount a coordinated response is growing more glaring by the hour.

While individual groups are doing extraordinary work, their efforts are diluted by the inability of the Haitian government, the United Nations and the United States to come together and get a command-and-control system in place that gives the people of Haiti the security, the food, the water and the medical care they need to get through this disaster.

Yes, the situation is complicated and, yes, the challenges are huge. But a week after the earthquake, aren’t people still hungry, still thirsty, still walking around piles of unburied bodies and nursing unattended wounds? Aren’t there huge piles of food still sitting at the airport? Aren’t roads still obstructed? Are there no centralized clinics and feeding stations set up throughout the city?

So I say to the people of Haiti: Loot away. Wave those machetes. Set stuff on fire. Walk up to Anderson Cooper and pop him in the chops. (Trust me, CNN will replay it 10 times an hour.) Do whatever you have to do to scare those in charge into helping you.

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Obama, Bush, Clinton to talk Haiti

The three will meet at the White House on Saturday to discuss relief efforts

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For the third time in as many days, on Friday President Obama spoke about Haiti, the situation there since the earthquake that devastated the country, and what the U.S. is doing to help. Among other things, he announced that he’ll be meeting at the White House with former Presidents Bill Clinton and George W. Bush on Saturday to discuss relief efforts.

Obama’s full remarks:

I wanted to just make a brief statement on the latest situation in Haiti, so that the American people are fully up to date on our efforts there. This morning I spoke with President Preval of Haiti, who has been in regular contact with our ambassador on the ground. I expressed to President Preval my deepest condolences for the people of Haiti and our strong support for the relief efforts that are under way.

Like so many Haitians, President Preval himself has lost his home, and his government is working under extraordinarily difficult conditions. Many communications are down and remain — and many people remain unaccounted for. The scale of the devastation is extraordinary, as I think all of us are seeing on television, and the losses are heartbreaking.

I pledged America’s continued commitment to the government and the people of Haiti in the immediate effort to save lives and deliver relief and in the long-term effort to rebuild.

President Preval and I agreed that it is absolutely essential that these efforts are well coordinated — among the United States and the government of Haiti, with the United Nations, which continues to play an essential role, and with the many international partners and aid organizations that are now on the ground.

Meanwhile, American resources continue to arrive in Haiti. Search-and-rescue efforts continue to work, pulling people out of the rubble. Our team has saved both the lives of American citizens and Haitian citizens, often under extraordinarily difficult circumstances.

This morning the aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson arrived, along with helicopters that will be critical in delivering assistance in the days to come. They are preparing to move badly needed water, food and other lifesaving supplies to priority areas in Port-au-Prince.

Food, water and medicine continues to arrive, along with doctors and aid workers. At the airport, help continues to flow in, not just from the United States, but from Brazil, Mexico, Canada, France, Colombia and the Dominican Republic, among others.

OBAMA: This underscores the point that I made to the president this morning: The entire world stands with the government and the people of Haiti, for in Haiti’s devastation, we all see the common humanity that we share.

And, as the international community continues to respond, I do believe that America has a continued responsibility to act. Our nation has a unique capacity to reach out quickly and broadly and to deliver assistance that can save lives. That responsibility obviously is magnified when the devastation that’s been suffered is so near to us.

Haitians are our neighbors in the Americas. And for Americans, they are family and friends. It’s characteristic of the American people to help others in time of such severe need.

That’s the spirit that we will need to sustain this effort as it goes forward. There are going to be many difficult days ahead. So many people are in need of assistance. The port continues to be closed, and the roads are damaged. Food is scarce, and so is water.

It will take time to establish distribution points so that we can ensure that resources are delivered safely and effectively and in an orderly fashion.

But I want the people of Haiti to know that we will do what it takes to save lives and to help them get back on their feet.

In this effort, I want to thank our people on the ground, our men and women in uniform, who have moved so swiftly, our civilians and embassy staff, many of whom suffered their own losses in this tragedy, and those members of search-and-rescue teams from Florida and California and Virginia, who’ve left their homes and their families behind to help others. To all of them, I want you to know that you demonstrate the courage and decency of the American people, and we are extraordinarily proud of you.

I also want to thank the American people more broadly.

In these tough times, you’ve shown extraordinary compassion, already donating millions of dollars.

I encourage all of you who want to help to do so through whitehouse.gov, where you can learn about how to contribute.

And tomorrow I will be meeting with President Clinton and President George W. Bush here at the White House to discuss how to enlist and help the American people in this recovery and rebuilding effort going forward.

I would note that as I ended my call with President Preval he said that he has been extremely touched by the friendship and the generosity of the American people. It was an emotional moment.

And this president, seeing the devastation around him, passed this message to the American people. He said, “From the bottom of my heart and on behalf of the people of Haiti, thank you, thank you, thank you.”

As I told president, we realize that he needs more help and his country needs more help, much more. And in this difficult hour, we will continue to provide it.

Alex Koppelman is a staff writer for Salon.

Haiti’s film students find a new mission

Digging cameras from the rubble, students at Haiti's only film school capture images of destruction and recovery

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Haiti's film students find a new mission

Many of Annie Nocenti’s film students at the Ciné Institute in Jacmel, Haiti, lost their homes in this week’s devastating earthquake. Some may have lost friends and family members; as in much of the country, the scope of the disaster is not yet clear. “But they are out on the streets now, shooting and editing,” she says. “They can get into places nobody else will ever go, and interview people outside news crews will never meet. This is what we trained them for.”

When Nocenti, a New York filmmaker, first arrived at the Ciné Institute two years ago, she found a community of students eager to learn the craft at the Caribbean nation’s only film school — even though they had seen very few feature films. “Haiti has almost no infrastructure for cinema and very few working movie theaters,” she says.

Together with David Belle, the institute’s founder, Nocenti developed a two-part vision for film education in Haiti. On one level, it was purely practical. “We wanted to get them jobs in the very small film industry that exists in Haiti. So they learned how to operate the cameras, how to hold a boom.” But Belle and Nocenti also wanted to encourage the development of an indigenous and distinctive brand of Haitian cinema, inspired in part by “Nollywood,” the no-budget film industry of Nigeria, among the largest in the developing world.

“We’re beginning to see the emergence of an auteur vision, through Haitian eyes,” Nocenti says. “It’s influenced by their culture, their art, by the voodoo tradition. Because these filmmakers are not copying anybody, what’s coming out of them is very pure. They weren’t raised in a video store. They’ve never seen a Quentin Tarantino movie.” (Here’s a short film Nocenti’s class shot in four days last September.)

This week, plans for the development of Haitian auteur cinema abruptly went on hold. None of Nocenti’s film students was killed or severely injured in the quake, but the Ciné Institute building was seriously damaged. After literally digging their cameras and equipment from the rubble, Nocenti says, the students put five crews on the streets in and around Jacmel, a picturesque city of 40,000 on the southeastern coast that is known as an artistic and artisanal center.

Belle, the film school’s founder and director, has made his way from New York through Santo Domingo to Port-au-Prince, the Haitian capital, in recent days. He spent his first night there sleeping in a hotel parking lot. His first-person report on the appalling conditions in that city is available on the institute’s Web site.

“Huge state-owned caterpillar tractors and dump trucks were just beginning to arrive and load bodies as we passed through [Port-au-Prince],” Belle writes. “In the worst parts — every 50 feet or so — there were groups of 10 to 15 bodies lined side by side or stacked together. In between these stacks and groupings is a continual line of singles and doubles — one body after another. The odor is overwhelming. No one sleeps indoors and so roads are also partially blocked with families who have moved their beds to the street.” Among the known dead, Belle says, is the assistant director of his film “Madame Ti Zo.”

From New York, Nocenti is trying to get filmmaking supplies into Jacmel, and to coordinate uploading her students’ video to the Internet and translating the narration from Creole and/or French to English. She emphasizes that the current mission is not merely to capture the devastation, but to document the recovery process and the resilient spirit of the Haitian people.

“We don’t just want to see stories of poverty and chaos coming out of Haiti,” she says. “We want to see positive stories too — and the story of our students and what they have accomplished is a positive story. Haiti is a beautiful country, a land of culture, music, art and agriculture. I worry sometimes that if people think it’s all despair, they will throw up their hands and think that nothing can be done.”

Nocenti says that when she meets international aid workers in Haiti, they sometimes ask her why she isn’t working on more urgent issues of survival such as food, water and shelter. She tries to explain that cultural development is itself necessary to survival. “We’re trying to teach these students how to shoot stories that will lift up their entire culture. It’s not an easy thing to explain.”

Nocenti adds that all donations made through Ciné Institute’s home page will go 100 percent to support earthquake relief in Jacmel and the urgent documentary work of the student filmmakers, with no administrative overhead. Footage from her students has begun to come in. Embedded below is a report from Jacmel by institute student Keziah Jean, with translation.

The Victims in Jacmel : Keziah Jean from Ciné Institute on Vimeo.

Transcript: “Two days after the earthquake hit Jacmel, the number of injured has increased greatly in the biggest hospital of the city, a hospital that is in no capacity to give basic care to its patients for many reasons. The buildings have been destroyed, there hasn’t been medication in the pharmacy ever since the hospital has been operational and the absence of doctors to offer first aid relief. For the injured Jesus is their only hope. [People heard praying and asking God to save their loved ones and to help them in this difficult time.]“

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Formula for disaster

Do donations of artificial milk help or hurt Haiti's babies?

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Formula for disasterA injured child receives medical treatment after an earthquake in Port-au-Prince January 13, 2010. The 7.0 magnitude quake rocked Haiti, killing possibly thousands of people as it toppled the presidential palace and hillside shanties alike and leaving the poor Caribbean nation appealing for international help. REUTERS/Eduardo Munoz (HAITI tags: - Tags: DISASTER ENVIRONMENT IMAGES OF THE DAY)(Credit: Reuters)

In the wake of Tuesday’s catastrophic earthquake, Twitter has been inundated with calls for donations of baby formula to send to Haiti. One frequently re-tweeted message relayed an urgent, all-caps plea from a friend on-the-ground: “WE R DESPERATE 4 BABY FORMULA, NIPPLES/BOTTLES … .” Meanwhile, a much smaller rival campaign has been underway: “Please don’t send powdered formula to Haiti!” tweeted a doula in Long Beach, Calif. Later, a breast-feeding activist from Ontario, Canada wrote: “PLEASE! don’t send formula to Haiti! The women&children shouldn’t be victimised twice! Breastfeeding during emergencies is VITAL to health.”

Well, which is it? It’s hard enough to navigate the contentious breast-feeding debate in the developed world, let alone as it applies in the poorest country in the Western hemisphere — and during a heartrending crisis, no less. So, I spent the better part of a day on the phone and immersed in reports from UNICEF and the World Health Organization to get the lowdown on baby formula as aid.

The main issue with dry baby formula is fairly intuitive: It has to be mixed with water, which raises the risk of contamination. Access to water is always a concern following major disasters; and it was an issue in Haiti even before the country’s basic infrastructure was flattened. Even given a water source, very few Haitians will have “the place to boil the water to make it safe,” says Marie St. Cyr, an activist and former director of the Haitian Coalition on AIDS, and few will have the resources to sterilize bottles and safely prepare and store the formula.

Formula-feeding in such stark conditions can bring about infection, diarrhea, dehydration, malnutrition and death, according to UNICEF. In fact, following the earthquake this fall in Indonesia, the organization had to issue a call to halt donations of formula. Three years earlier, after another earthquake in the region, UNICEF found that infants younger than six-months who were fed donated formula were twice as likely to have diarrhea than those who did not receive formula; the rate among babies between six and 23 months of age was “five times the pre-earthquake rate.”

Breast-feeding is not only clean and safe, but formula simply can’t compare to human milk’s nutritious benefits and its ability to fight off illness. A common refrain is that women are too weak or stressed during a major crisis to produce milk, but according to the American Academy of Pediatrics, that’s bunk. All but the most extremely malnourished mothers are generally still able to lactate; and most women are fully capable of breast-feeding under stress, so long as they have the “appropriate support and guidance.” Plus, a baby’s suckling actually releases hormones in the mother that relieve her stress level. From this point of view, it seems to make more sense to provide food and clean water to the mother and encourage her to breast-feed, instead of diverting precious resources to artificial milk.

That isn’t to say there aren’t cases where formula is needed, though. Some mothers are incapable of producing milk, even with the guidance of a trained rescue worker, and some babies are without mothers or wet nurses. In such cases, both the AAP and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend using ready-to-feed formula, which doesn’t need to be mixed with water. As for the small amounts of formula that are needed, Meredith Connelly, a spokesperson for the Red Cross, said it is much “faster for organizations to collect funds and distribute what is needed to the people on the ground,” and that way they can “give what is really needed.” This is generally true as far as effective aid goes, but it also makes it easier for rescue workers to vet the source of the formula and avoid contaminated or inadequate brands. On a similar note, Lori Ham of Help for Haiti’s Children said that what they need — or “R DESPERATE 4,” as that tweet put it — is money.

Got that? Money, money, money.

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Tracy Clark-Flory

Tracy Clark-Flory is a staff writer at Salon. Follow @tracyclarkflory on Twitter.

Bill Clinton, George W. Bush join for Haiti

Former presidents come together to raise money to help earthquake victims

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Former Presidents Bill Clinton and George W. Bush aren’t exactly kindred spirits. But they’ll be working together for at least a little while now, as President Obama has asked them to lead fundraising efforts in the wake of the earthquake that hit Haiti earlier this week. Below, a joint statement the two put out Thursday:

We are deeply saddened by the devastation and suffering caused by the recent earthquake in Haiti. The people of Haiti are in our thoughts and prayers.

We are pleased to accept President Obama’s request to lead private sector fundraising efforts. In the days and weeks ahead, we will draw attention to the many ways American citizens and businesses can help meet the urgent needs of the Haitian people.

Americans have a long history of showing compassion and generosity in the wake of tragedy. We thank the American people for rallying to help our neighbors in the Caribbean in their hour of suffering – and throughout the journey of rebuilding their nation.

For information on how you can contribute, please visit www.georgewbushcenter.com/haiti and www.clintonfoundation.org/haitiearthquake.

Alex Koppelman is a staff writer for Salon.

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