Terry Gilliam

Readers respond: Cinema’s best unexpected villains

Slide show: Last week, we gave you our favorite "good guy" actors at their most devious. Now, we let you choose

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Readers respond: Cinema's best unexpected villainsHow can anyone that looks this good be so bad? 

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Who knew that evildoers could be so polarizing? Last week, I put together a list of nine actors whose turns as sinister villains caught audiences off-guard, like Heath Ledger’s turn as the Joker in “The Dark Knight” and Henry Fonda in “Once Upon a Time in the West.” Far from being a definitive collection, I asked for readers to leave their favorite crooked performance from a Hollywood hero in the comments section. And boy did you.

So here are your choices for the best bad boy (and girl) roles, along with your reasoning for what made the portrayal so disturbing and/or awesome. If your vote didn’t make it on the list, I apologize. Feel free to aggressively champion them again in the comments. I also apologize for adding Keanu Reeves’ appearance in “Much Ado About Nothing” to the original list, which many of you pointed out was not a terribly great one: my point there was that sometimes this good cop/bad cop casting misfires horribly, and there was no better example of that than Neo from “The Matrix” trying to do Shakespeare.

Be aware, this list does contain some spoilers for older films.

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Drew Grant is a staff writer for Salon. Follow her on Twitter at @videodrew.

Whimsical black cubes invade France

Equal parts Terry Gilliam, "Phantom Tollbooth," and those black glowing orbs from "The Prisoner." Do what they say

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Whimsical black cubes invade FranceThe magic box.

In general, I’m against viral marketing. I think it’s silly to look at a piece of art, or watch a video, or to participate in some Internet game, only to find out that the end result is going out and buying a Coca-Cola. Call me old-fashioned, by advertising should be advertised, not hidden.

That being said, I’m all for these giant black boxes appearing all over France, announcing that they are “Escape Machines” and asking French citizens where they would go if they picked just one place. They are just so beautiful and weird that they actually transcend what they are advertising (an airline/travel company called Voyages SNCF). There are several of these videos circulating around right now, and each is more inspiriting than the last.

If it turns out that Terry Gilliam somehow didn’t have his hand in this project, I’d be very surprised. But these art/ads do raise the question: if what you make to advertise your product is so attention-grabbing, does it completely obscure the message of what you’re trying to sell? We saw this last week with the Times Square transmitter guy who turned out to be working with the marketing company for “Limitless”: the only way we even found out what it was for was after a New York Times story about the incident.

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Drew Grant is a staff writer for Salon. Follow her on Twitter at @videodrew.

The imaginarium of Terry Gilliam

The visionary filmmaker talks about the strange, sad, spooky resonance of directing Heath Ledger's last movie

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The imaginarium of Terry GilliamTerry Gilliam, left. Right: Lily Cole from "The Imaginarium of Dr. Parnassus"

Terry Gilliam has a reputation of being a little prickly and defensive, especially around film critics, who he feels have consistently misunderstood, misinterpreted and misrepresented his work. So I was somewhat surprised that the jovial fellow who met me on a recent morning in New York — assuming it was indeed Gilliam, and not some dubious doppelgänger or hired actor — turned out to be an utterly charming breakfast companion, with a mischievous-Santa twinkle in his eye and an infectious, Falstaffian laugh.

Gilliam was in town to promote yet another of his troubled projects with a tortuous production history. As he put it in our conversation, every film he makes becomes a film about the making of a film. The one-time Monty Python member has had collapses, aborted projects and problem-plagued productions before, from his underappreciated box-office bomb “The Adventures of Baron Munchausen” to his failed efforts to adapt Alan Moore’s “Watchmen” to an unproduced “Time Bandits 2″ script to “The Man Who Killed Don Quixote,” which was shut down after a week of filming in 1999. (Gilliam and Johnny Depp still hope to make that film.)

But Gilliam’s new film, “The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus,” has bigger tabloid headlines attached to it than anything else on his résumé. Star Heath Ledger died in January 2008, with the film about half finished and several key scenes featuring Tony, Ledger’s character, still unshot. Gilliam’s first impulse was to shut down production, but his daughter Amy — a producer on this film, which is partly about a troubled father-daughter relationship — persuaded him to find a solution. Since the scenes still left to shoot featured Tony’s voyages into an alternate dimension — into a fantastic realm constructed by the eponymous sideshow performer, Doctor Parnassus (Christopher Plummer) — why should he look the same there as he does in the so-called real world?

So Gilliam’s “Imaginarium,” as we now see it, feels like the result of a cruel cosmic joke. In its blend of fantasy and pathos, its spectacular special effects and its pranksterish, stories-about-storytelling meta-narrative, it’s Gilliam’s most satisfying film in many years. And one of its most ingenious touches — Johnny Depp, Colin Farrell and Jude Law playing alternate aspects of the character that Ledger plays with marvelous brio outside Doctor Parnassus’ realm — happened only because a talented young man, in the all-too-real world outside the movie theater, took a drug overdose and died.

In more ways than I can enumerate, “The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus” feels like a personal film for Gilliam. Co-written with his frequent collaborator Charles McKeown, this is Gilliam’s first original screenplay since “Baron Munchausen” more than 20 years ago. Plummer’s Parnassus may or may not be a 1,000-year-old man who has dealt with the devil (played by Tom Waits as a garrulous carny-barker type) to achieve amazing psychic powers, but he’s definitely an aging showman working the fringes of modern English society, left behind by popular tastes. He’s trying to get up the nerve to tell his gorgeous daughter Valentina (Lily Cole) that on her 16th birthday, a few days hence, the devil will come to claim her as his own.

Anton (Andrew Garfield), another performer in Parnassus’ troupe, pines for Valentina and yearns to take her away from all this. But that’s before the traveling players come upon Ledger’s Tony, a charismatic and highly ambiguous figure they find hanging from a bridge over the Thames, but not quite dead. (As Gilliam says, this is a scene likely to elicit gasps from the audience.)

Like everything else Gilliam has ever made, “Imaginarium” is a film about filmmaking and a story about storytelling, a fantasy whose central subject is the delights and costs of fantasy. It’s an endlessly digressive fable — an “onion of stories,” in Gilliam’s words — made by a guy who seems determined to combine the tools of pop filmmaking with the pre-postmodern yarn-spinning of Scheherazade, Laurence Sterne and Diderot. Doctor Parnassus’ clanky, cranky old wagon is pulled by a shaggy dog that frequently veers off course, but that too is deliberate in its own way. Gilliam’s fans will love this movie tremendously — it has a grand, career-summing scope and feeling — and unlike some of his recent work, it doesn’t seem calculated to drive others away.

At several points in our conversation, Gilliam mentioned that he reads all the reviews of his films. I couldn’t decide whether this was his way of telling me that he had indeed read my hostile response to “Tideland,” his last film, but was too polite to bring it up directly. I still think that movie is a grotesque misfire, but “Imaginarium” is so weird, rich and juicy it makes me want to take back the sweeping and unkind remarks I made about Gilliam and his career.

Reading back the transcript of our breakfast chat, I can see that the bitter and curmudgeonly aspects of Gilliam’s character (his phrases, not mine) are there just below the surface, mixed in with the ample charm and the philosophical attitude. There are contradictions to this guy: As Gilliam once told Salman Rushdie, he left the United States for England in the late ’60s because he feared he’d become a “full-time bomb-throwing terrorist” if he remained in America. (A native of Medicine Lake, Minn., he has been a naturalized British subject since 1968.) But he has always yearned for mainstream Hollywood success and seems continually surprised that his movies, which deliberately defy narrative convention and jab a thumb in the audience’s eye, are not massively popular.

I almost missed what Gilliam said as the publicist came to drag him away from his half-finished plate of sausage and eggs. “I only want to be as successful as George Lucas and Spielberg,” he told me, sliding out of the banquette and exploding into one of those wild guffaws. He knew it was a ridiculous thing to say, but he wasn’t exactly kidding.

It must be gratifying to have gotten such a big, ambitious film made, especially after everything that happened. You’ve had so many projects collapse, and this could easily have been another one.

It wasn’t easy to get it made in the first place, believe it or not. Here we have a film that by any standard should be treated like a big film. It is a big film, with a cast like that. I ended up making it for $30 million. For anybody else, it would have cost $70 million or $80 million.

It does make a difference that Johnny, Colin and Jude — it’s not that they worked for nothing, but they made sure that the money that would have gone to Heath, had he lived, went to his daughter and his family.

When we went out to Hollywood in 2007, we couldn’t get any money for this film, even though Heath Ledger was starring in it. They always do this thing, “Oh, we’re doing the numbers. What are we getting out of Germany? What are we getting out of Italy?” Now, you can do this in an afternoon, if you have any talent for the job. But it takes months, because it’s going to Goldman Sachs. That’s where it’s going! Goldman Sachs is deciding which films get made.

Here was the problem: The last film I had done was “Tideland,” which was never meant to be a commercial success, and the last film Heath had done was “Candy,” which made even less money than “Tideland,” if that’s possible. So here’s a couple of losers! [Laughter.]

Yeah, I think the algorithm that’s based on “Tideland” plus “Candy” equals: Don’t give these guys any money.

We’re trying to tell them: In 2008, “Dark Knight” is coming out, with Heath as the Joker. He’s going to be the biggest star on the planet, and we’ll be coming out a few months later. There was nobody who could rise to this massive leap of the imagination, because they don’t understand films or filmmaking or why people go to movies. It’s terrifying. And that was the good old days!

And this is for a fantasy film, the most popular genre, with one of the biggest stars in it. That’s actually somewhat shocking.

This film has opened in England, France and Italy already, and the one country where it’s done phenomenal business is Italy, because they treated it like a big film. I’m convinced that audiences can smell something if you’ve got a big cast like that and it’s aiming toward some independent, art thing. Something’s wrong! In Italy they went out and said, “This is as big as ‘Public Enemies’ or anything else.” And they went for it, right across the board — kids, adults, all ages. Which is a very hard concept to explain to these people: A film that works across the board. They say, “Oh no, it’s too intelligent.”

I had that same problem with “Time Bandits.” We had three campaigns: one for kids, one for hip Python-”Saturday Night Live” people, and then one for general audiences. It’s still the most successful film I’ve ever done in America.

I’m not quite sure you could get “Time Bandits” made today.

I couldn’t, no. But then, you’ve got “Fantastic Mr. Fox” out there. I don’t know how it’s doing. But it’s animated. It’s in a world where fuzzy, puppety things go on. You’ve got “Up,” which is lovely. But they’re basically puppy-dog films! They have big eyes. They’re sweet. How can you not love them? If you do something that makes you think, or that doesn’t go down the normal paths — when you throw in Heath Ledger hanging by his neck, that’s a gasp from the audience.

Well, most of our pop culture most of the time is totally unchallenging, isn’t it? It’s about gratifying audience desire all the time and expunging all vestiges of darkness.

It’s terrible. I’ve been watching it for years, going crazy. You feed people baby food, you coddle them, you cuddle them. Hollywood’s thinking is that if you make people think, they will choose not to. [Laughter.] They would prefer not to pay their money and be asked to contribute to the process by thinking. And the last thing you do is to depress them in any way, or make them worry about the state of the world they’re living in.

I’d always prefer to give the audience the benefit of the doubt. There’s intelligent life out there. If you feed them intelligent things, they’ll rise to it. There was a line we used for “Time Bandits” that I still love: “Intelligent enough for children, and exciting enough for adults.” I just thought: That’s it!

You know, a famous director who runs a distribution company, I won’t tell you who, saw the film. And so did a 13-year-old girl who’s the daughter of a producer. Now, the 13-year-old said it was the best movie she’d ever seen in her life. It made her think, she said. It involved her. But this very famous person, the director, saw the film and loved it, but said it was too sophisticated for their audience. This makes me crazy! Kids see it on one level, and intelligent adults see it on another. The two things are not in conflict, and if anything kids are more open-minded. Most people, the older they get, the more closed-minded they become, the more structure dependent.

If I’d written a novel with this kind of structure, people would say it was wonderful. You do a film and they say, “It’s a mess! Where’s it going?” There was one review in London which more or less said: “This is a story about a guy who does a deal with the devil, and his daughter is about to be taken by the devil on her 16th birthday. Where’s the suspense? Where’s the tension?” My response to that is: You’re looking at the coat hanger and not the beautiful ball gown that’s hanging from it.

I love the way you play with the idea of storytelling in this movie. When he’s the head of a monastery in Tibet, Doctor Parnassus claims he and his monks are keeping the universe going by telling their story. I felt like, on one hand that’s what you think — the universe keeps going on stories. And on the other hand you’re making fun of him, as Tom Waits’ devil does so well.

I suspect Parnassus may be a liar. Maybe everything he says in there is a lie. It’s about ego: He and his monks are telling the eternal story that keeps the universe going. It’s about him! And then he discovers, “Oh, other stories are just as important as my story.”

That’s all we live on, is story. What is 24-hour news? Most of it is story. It’s invented. You have to fill 24 hours of shit, and there just isn’t that much news. So you create stories, and they can be anything. That’s what I’m trying to say: We live on that. It gives form to our lives. It gives form to everything, whether it’s a good story or a bad story. People talk about journalism as factual. I think it’s fictional, or at least half of it is.

I think Parnassus is a terrible egotist and maybe a liar. When we were making the film, I always had this feeling about that opening shot, when the wagon comes into town and there’s this bum asleep in the foreground: It’s all his dream. He is Parnassus. Is he really all the things he claims to be? Is he lying to his daughter and everybody else, or does he really have these abilities and is a thousand years old? It’s a dodgy game to be playing with an audience who wants to know the truth. I’m not interested in the truth. Truth is a very amorphous thing, and you have to make your own truth out of your intelligence, your observations.

This seems to be such a personal film for you, in so many ways. I mean, it’s a film about a man’s complicated relationship with his daughter, and there you were, making the film with your daughter.

Yes, and mortality is a central issue in the story. The making of the film becomes what the film’s about. Every film that I’ve done is like that, and this one more than most of them. I really have to be careful what I write. It’s terrifying. Which fits perfectly into the Parnassus ego-mode: One’s writing is so powerful that it is dictating life and death on the planet. [Laughter.]

It’s funny, the father-daughter relationship has been there since “Munchausen.” Maybe it’s the way I’m dealing with my children, since I never see them. Except of course that Amy was there this time, in the thick of it. There are so many different things that I’m trying to say at the same time. Particularly an original screenplay like this — if that’s what it is — it’s a compendium of what’s going on in my life at the moment, the things I’m thinking about. Then you try to squeeze them all together, create some kind of structure that can hold this mélange of ideas.

The fact that it went on and became what it becomes — that was terrifying. There are lines in the film, like the eulogy that Johnny reads — everyone thinks that was written after Heath died, but everything was written before. Chris Plummer didn’t want to say that line in the monastery: “It’s a comedy, a romance, a tale of unforeseen death.” He said, “I can’t say that.” I said, “Chris, you have to say it.” And all that stuff Johnny says — “a prince who died, died young” — all of that was written before Heath died.

That was spooky, to a point that’s very hard to deal with sometimes. If this had been a studio film, can you imagine them letting me introduce Heath while he’s hanging by his neck? No. And the lines right around there are devastating: “Why are you fishing dead people out of the river? He’s dead!” But that’s the point: To do it. There was no way to change it. My attitude was: That’s what we wrote. That’s what Heath and I were making, and that’s what we will finish.

I’m sure your first thought and second thought and third thought after Heath died were not about yourself or your movie. But you must have had the thought at some point: Oh, Jesus, here’s another Terry Gilliam film where something terrible has happened.

Yeah, for a moment I did believe in that curse I keep reading about. On the other hand, if I hadn’t had the experience with “Quixote,” I wouldn’t have been prepared for dealing with this. It did take me over a week before I finally decided, yes, we’re going to plunge ahead and find solutions. It was too hard, really, for all of us.

But my daughter turned out to be great. I’m lying on the floor, and she’s kicking me, saying, “Get up, you’re going to finish this movie for Heath.” I’m going, “Fuck off, you’re inexperienced. I’ve been through this, you don’t know anything about it.” Amy’s naive energy was very important. She pushed everyone forward. Another of our producers, Bill Vince, was suffering from terminal cancer and subsequently died. So she was pushing a semi-dead man and a man who had given up, and trying to keep the money from running away.

I imagine you know this already, but all your stories, even going back to your animated sequences on the Python show, are stories about stories, stories about storytelling, stories about the relationship between fantasy and reality. Is that your only subject?

That’s kind of it, because I still haven’t worked out the answer! In each film I try to do another variation on this theme: the borderline between fantasy and reality, and how the two interrelate and create each other. I just keep playing in that. It’s the area that intrigues me. I keep thinking about “The Saragossa Manuscript“: You’re telling a story, and within that story another story starts up and you move into that story. You’re going into this onion of stories, layer by layer. That’s always fascinated me.

To me, telling stories about stories, it’s trying to get people to think. At the heart of everything I’m doing is trying to get people to think, and to encourage those who have the capability of thinking to say, “Oh, I’m not alone. We can play in there.” Sometimes it happens the first time the films come out, and sometimes it takes years. More often than not my films play better the second time you see them. The first time you say, “What was that?” I’d like to think I’m modern, I’m part of the DVD generation. You can watch my films over and over again and you’ll find something new. It doesn’t help the opening-weekend box office, necessarily. [Laughter.]

You have higher goals in mind.

I only want to be as successful as George Lucas and Spielberg. Then I can die happy. [Laughter.]

What about doing a version of “The Arabian Nights”? That’s the ultimate onion of stories, isn’t it?

I’d get lost forever in that. It would never end. And then I’d have to make some sort of clever anti-Islamic jokes, which would get me killed.

“The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus” is now playing in New York and Los Angeles, with wider national release to begin Jan. 8.

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“The Imaginarium of Dr. Parnassus”: Filmmaker gone wild

Terry Gilliam makes a cluttered, clever mess of Heath Ledger's final film

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A still from "The Imaginarium of Dr. Parnassus"

In theory, Terry Gilliam stands for so many of the things people who love movies believe with all their hearts: Freewheeling geniuses should be free to make movies as they please, without being hampered by Hollywood bean counters. Visual inventiveness that doesn’t cost half a billion dollars should be encouraged and rewarded. There’s plenty of sane, safe stuff in movies these days — filmmakers should take chances, they should be daring and wild.

But in practice, Terry Gilliam is too often simply exhausting. He has made some marvelous pictures — among them the melancholy apocalyptic ballad “12 Monkeys” and the openhearted urban fable “The Fisher King” — that are far from perfect, and yet whose flaws perhaps make them more compelling, rather than less; one thing that’s never lacking in Gilliam’s movies is the human touch.

But Gilliam often has too many ideas for one movie to comfortably hold; he throws them all in with no pruning or prudence. His two most recent pictures — the 2005 “The Brothers Grimm” and the 2006 “Tideland” — certainly have their champions among critics and moviegoers. But in recent years Gilliam too often seems to have been strangled by his own overgrown magic forest. Unfortunately, his latest, “The Imaginarium of Dr. Parnassus,” is more of the same: It meanders and jaywalks according to its own confused rhythms, and the suggestion is that if we don’t get it — or if we get bored — we’re just not clued in to Gilliam’s genius.

Christopher Plummer is Doctor Parnassus, a bearded curmudgeon who runs a traveling show with the help of a loyal assistant, Percy (Verne Troyer), a somewhat annoying but well-meaning performer named Anton (Andrew Garfield) and the doctor’s 15-year-old daughter, Valentina (Lily Cole), who does in fact resemble a cherub on a Victorian valentine. The main attraction of Doctor Parnassus’ show is a rather ordinary-looking magic mirror: On the other side is a strange dream world where an individual’s deepest desires might be fulfilled, but it is also a place of tests and challenges through which a person’s true character is revealed.

One evening, Valentina rescues a handsome rapscallion of a young man who appears to have been hanged from a bridge. His name is Tony (he’s played by Heath Ledger), and he’s adopted as part of the show. Before long Valentina begins to fall in love with Tony, which makes Anton — who’s been longing for her himself — jealous. Meanwhile, it becomes clear that Doctor Parnassus has been harboring some secrets that might endanger his daughter’s future happiness, connected with a bargain he once made with impish Mephistopheles stand-in Dr. Nick (Tom Waits).

The plot of “The Imaginarium of Dr. Parnassus” is intentionally higgledy-piggledy — Gilliam, who wrote the script with Charles McKeown, is less interested in conventional storytelling than he is in concocting wild worlds that serve as dream landscapes in which characters are challenged to distinguish between truth and illusion, to choose between flimsy promises and choices that will truly bring happiness, to fight their own weaknesses in the face of temptation. Which all sounds great, except Gilliam allows all of those ideas to float a little too freely, visually and otherwise. The dream world on the other side of the mirror borrows from both pop art and surrealist painting; it’s a place where corners aren’t necessarily square and mountains look to be painted from memory, not from real life, a candy-toned landscape dotted with gazebos and fake Venetian bridges à la “Top Hat.” Even wiggier, whenever Tony goes through Parnassus’ mirror, he emerges on the other side as a different person, or, rather, as three different people, played by Johnny Depp, Jude Law and Colin Farrell.

That was Gilliam’s clever solution to a problem he should never have had to face: Ledger died well before “Imaginarium” had been completed, and the three other actors stepped up, in a gentlemanly gesture, to try to fill the gap he left. The device might have worked, if only “Imaginarium” weren’t so scrambled — Depp, Law and Farrell barely make an impression; they seem to have been hustled into costume and makeup without any idea of what their characters are supposed to be. And the movie raises one new theme every five minutes, only to quickly drop it for another, and another. The problem isn’t necessarily that the movie is disorganized and plotless; there can be meaning, or at least deep feeling, even in apparent chaos. But Gilliam doesn’t take the time to flesh anything out. His ideas seem visionary, until you try to figure out what his actual vision is. The movie is intended as a puzzle — we’re not supposed to easily figure out what it means — but too often the effect is one of disorganization masquerading as genius, perhaps more disingenuous than it is enchanting.

Gilliam is the poor little match girl of filmmaking: There’s always some disaster that prevents his movies from being all they could be. It’s true that some of the really big disasters he’s faced aren’t of his own making: The documentary “Lost in La Mancha” tells the story of how bad weather, injuries and other mishaps derailed his attempt to film a version of “Don Quixote.” (A new version of the picture is now, apparently, in pre-production.) And no filmmaker deserves the bad luck of losing his star, as Gilliam lost Ledger.

But filmmaking is hard for all creative people these days. And it’s gotten to the point where all of Gilliam’s films come with an excuse attached: “It would have been so much better, if only …” He always has the safety net of being the brilliant fuckup. Even without Ledger, the raw materials of “Imaginarium” might have come together beautifully. But the movie is merely a clever mess, and not even Ledger’s limited presence can save it. His performance is mischievous and wily — he gives Tony a scruffy, unwashed charm — but he has very little time on-screen, for obvious reasons. It’s impossible, and unfair, to judge the performance as a fully rounded vision, but the sad reality is that it’s simply unsatisfying.

The best visuals in “Imaginarium” are the ones that are intentionally ramshackle: The Imaginarium itself is like an antique toy paper theater, bedecked with silver foil and rickety cardboard props — it carries the spirit of all those great Monty Python collage animations. But most of the performances don’t quite gel. Plummer pretty much squints and grunts through his role here — he doesn’t appear to be having much fun, or even to have given much thought to what he ought to be doing. The most appealing performer here is Lily Cole, who has previously worked as a fashion model. (She also appeared in Sally Potter’s bitter fashion-world satire “Rage.”) Cole gives a butterfly kiss of a performance — she’s all eyelashes and cupid’s bow lips, and she’s light on her feet, literally and figuratively, amid the archness of the movie around her. Gilliam does have a knack for putting interesting and unusual actresses in his movies, and finding good ways to show them off — think of the wonderfully awkward Amanda Plummer (daughter of Christopher) in “The Fisher King,” or the brilliant use of Uma Thurman as Venus on the half-shell in “The Adventures of Baron Munchausen.” In “The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus,” Cole is his great discovery, the real treasure in this cabinet of curiosities.

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Stephanie Zacharek is a senior writer for Salon Arts & Entertainment.