Dawn MacKeen

New controversy over SIDS

Two forthcoming studies suggest that more SIDS cases may be due to parental abuse than previously thought.

  • more
    • All Share Services

Losing a seemingly healthy baby in his sleep to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), or “crib death,” is one of the most tragic things a parent can experience. And according to many parents who have experienced it, it is made almost unbearably more difficult by the cloud of suspicion of infanticide that hangs over them as they grieve. Now a new book, “The Death of Innocents,” suggests that many babies diagnosed with SIDS did not necessarily die on their own, but were actually killed by their parent or caregiver. The book is based partly on two studies, one by Thomas Truman, M.D., of Tallahassee Memorial Hospital, and another by David Southall, M.D., of City General Hospital in
Stoke-on-Trent, England. Together they conclude that up to 10 percent of SIDS deaths are actually infanticides, rather than the 2 to 5 percent previously believed to be the case.

Although the two studies are not scheduled for publication in Pediatrics until later this fall, their findings became news last week with the release of the book by Richard Firstman and Jamie Talan. “The Death of Innocents” also details the case of Waneta Hoyt, whose five infants mysteriously died more than 25 years ago. All of Hoyt’s children were believed to have died of SIDS, forming the basis for a widely accepted theory that the syndrome runs in families. But Hoyt later confessed to having killed her children and two years ago was convicted on five counts of murder.

In Southall’s study,
surveillance cameras were installed in hospital rooms to observe parents with their babies who were being hospitalized because they had stopped breathing in the past. In 39 cases over the course of several years, mothers were videotaped choking their infants.

Truman’s study examined cases of apparent life-threatening events, also called “near-miss SIDS” cases (defined as instances when a baby stops breathing), and any SIDS-related diagnoses over a 23-year period at Massachusetts
General Hospital, one of the most prominent SIDS centers in the nation. He concluded that a third of 155 apneic cases had suspicious circumstances, possibly indicating
child abuse. Such circumstances include a number of near-death episodes,
siblings who died
of SIDS and repeated events that were witnessed by only one
parent or caregiver.

Although some SIDS activists have been quick to claim that the latest information will only increase the persecution of SIDS parents, the studies do not just point a finger at parents; they call into question both the medical community’s largely uncritical acceptance of the theory that SIDS runs in families and the responsibility of individual doctors who might have ignored repeated near-death episodes instead of stepping in and saving lives. So far, the response from the medical community to the news has been a resounding silence; Mass General, for one, has not commented.

With an extremely heated emotional issue such as SIDS, will this news create a witch hunt or help reduce the cloud of suspicion over innocent parents? Salon spoke with Thomas Truman and National SIDS Alliance spokeswoman Phipps Cohe and got very different answers — an indication that the controversy around SIDS is unlikely to let up any time soon.

till death (literally) do us part

Louisiana's new covenant marriage law may discourage divorce -- but at what price?

  • more
    • All Share Services

in many cases of domestic abuse, there is no proof — no hospital records, no police reports, no testimonials from loved ones.

There is only his word against hers.

So, asks Lynn Gillin, an organizer for the National Coalition for Family Justice, which advocates for family rights, what do you do when all you have is your side of the story? What do you do when the state won’t let you out of a marriage unless you show the proper paperwork?

A new Louisiana law that went into effect last Friday requires participating couples to do just that. Called the Marriage Covenant Act, it’s the new alternative at the altar, Louisiana’s answer to the rising number of marriages ending in divorce. Couples who choose “covenant marriage” are only allowed to divorce after counseling has failed and under the most dire of circumstances — documented adultery, abuse and abandonment, to name a few.

“I think what’s happened over the last 25 to 30 years is a shift of our culture of marriage and commitment to divorce and convenience,” says Republican Louisiana Rep. Tony Perkins, author of the act. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, almost one in two marriages in the United States ends in divorce. “Divorce used to be at the bottom of the list when couples were [having problems] with their marriage. We’re hoping that what this law does is move divorce back down to the bottom of the list.”

Perkins emphasizes that the Marriage Covenant Act is all about choice. Couples can still get married the old-fashioned way (and end it with a no-fault divorce), or they enter into a covenant marriage and hope that they can make it work.

Even though couples must sign an affidavit stating that they understand how a covenant marriage can be dissolved, Gillin and others who work with battered women say that it’s dangerous for women to be bound to such an agreement.

“When most people get married, they are in their 20s and they are young and in love,” says Gillin. “They are not looking into the long term, and how people change and how situations change.” Gillin adds that most abusive relationships are insidious, and women don’t realize it until it’s too late.

Continue Reading Close

Kids having kids: whose decision is it?

A recent court ruling in California reignies the debate over whether prgnant minors are capable of making a decision about abortion.

  • more
    • All Share Services

The teenager didn’t want to disappoint her parents. She didn’t want to tell them that she was pregnant. And since the state of Indiana required girls like her to notify both parents before having an abortion, the teenager felt like she had no choice. She had an illegal abortion and, as a result, lost her life.

While supporters of abortion rights agree that a case like this is more the anomaly than the norm, they say it still exemplifies the drastic measures some girls will go through to hide a pregnancy from their parents.

“For some teens, it’s either perceived that they can’t go to their parents or, if it’s a really dysfunctional family, they really can’t,” says Therese Wilson, spokeswoman for Planned Parenthood. “Sometimes parents haven’t even dealt with the fact that their kids are sexually active — and then they come home pregnant? That’s a big jump.” One out of 10 women who come into Planned Parenthood is under 18.

Wilson says a decision last week by the California Supreme Court will help make it easier for teens to get an abortion. The court’s 4-3 ruling makes it the minor’s decision — and the minor’s decision alone — to end a pregnancy. It overturns an earlier ruling requiring the prior consent of one parent or the approval of a judge.

“No one would doubt the value to a pregnant minor of wise and caring parental guidance and support as she confronts a decision that will affect the rest of her life,” Chief Justice Ronald George wrote in his opinion, “assuming such support is available and the minor is willing to seek it.”

But some don’t feel that a woman or girl — or whatever you want to call her — is mature enough to make a decision like that without the advice of an adult. They believe that the state court’s decision will have heavy ramifications for the family.

“Isn’t it [the decision] like sneaking around the parents’ back?” asks Helen Austin, director of California ProLife. “What concerns us most is that it alienates the parent from the child. It’s like the state taking over parental rights. They are making the decision for the parent and the parent should be in on this extremely important decision. It’s going to be a life-changing decision for her.”

Minors have to have parental consent to obtain a tattoo or have their ears pierced, Austin says, so why is it that they can bypass their parents on something serious like abortion?

In most states — 30 to be exact — there is some type of consent or notification required before any minor is allowed to get an abortion. And while opponents of abortion rights point to states like Mississippi — where the number of abortions performed on minors actually went down by 13 percent since a 1993 parental consent law went into effect — as their success story, supporters of abortion rights counter by saying teens simply left the state and had their abortions performed elsewhere.

Continue Reading Close

Time for one thing: A cup of tea

The virtues of a cup of tea.

  • more
    • All Share Services

My grandmother, Arshalous, came through Ellis Island during the Great Depression with two small children, a husband, no money and no idea where she was going. She left almost everything behind in Turkey except her traditions, including a special one that would sustain her through poverty and the hardships that lay ahead: a cup of tea at least once a day, a dose of tranquillity with a squeeze of lemon and some honey.

Arshalous was one of those people who didn’t listen to anybody else. Every afternoon, her loud voice and the guttural pitches of her Armenian echoed through the family’s cramped, one-bedroom apartment on 133rd Street and Amsterdam Avenue in Harlem, rhetorically asking, “Thirsty?” Then, without waiting for an answer, she filled the cast-iron pot with water and put it on the stove. When it was boiling rapidly, she threw flowers and dried leaves into the pot and let them steep for 10 minutes. The sweet smell of the herb, called “Oukhlemor” in Armenian, filled the apartment while she sliced lemon wedges and got down the jar of honey. She would then strain the tea into a cup, squeeze in a few drops of lemon juice and let the honey slide off a spoon and curl into the steaming flowered water. And then she would stir, slowly.

It was tea time. “Khume asee oktagare kezee,” she would say. Drink this, it’s good for you. “What is it called in English?” my mother would ask. Arshalous would throw back her head and mumble in Armenian. What difference did it make?

Years later, my mother would throw back her head when I asked, “Oukhlemor, what is it?” Though it is similar in smell and texture to chamomile, it isn’t quite as sweet. The dried leaves of Oukhlemor are dull-green in color, and the tiny buds almost a yellowish ecru. The tea is toffee brown with a rosy undertone.

And it is good for you — but more as a remedy for the spirit than the body, a sort of comfort in a cup, a liquid security blanket. A transcendental calmness, like a loved one stroking your head. A moment of smelling it and dousing your face in the steam always preludes any taste of it. Then slow sips. No gulps.

My grandmother would always wait for the tea to cool — but just for a few minutes, not too long. You don’t want it to burn your lips, but if it’s too cool, it isn’t soothing. The only way you can tell when it’s ready is by holding it; if it just warms your hands, it’s just right. And Oukhlemor always tastes better in the warmth of a light, whether you’re sitting by the window, catching the last rays of the afternoon sun or by the evening light of a lamp.

In fact, you must sit down while having a cup of tea, my grandmother would say. You can’t have it on the run, like coffee. Although I have heard that coffee actually carries less caffeine than many teas, it is still an on-the-go drink, a boost of energy made to drink while dashing across town. A cup of tea is to be savored, to be cherished over time. A cup of tea can last as long as you need it to.

It was during the Pritikin diet craze in the ’80s that my mother finally unearthed the name of this mystery herb. She had read about a tea that was supposedly good for the nerves and hypertension and went to the store to buy it. Into a pot of boiling water she tossed it and as soon as she did, she knew. It was Oukhlemor or, in English, linden flower tea.

Whenever my mother and I are together, we find the time to sit down for a cup of tea. Usually, it is Oukhlemor, but other times it’s whatever we can find. What I really savor about what Arshalous passed on to us is not the type of tea but the ritual of having it. I think she really believed that sitting down for just one moment during the day is the best remedy for almost anything.

Continue Reading Close

Page 13 of 13 in Dawn MacKeen