Eugene Cullen Kennedy

The church’s impotent fathers

In Dallas, America's Catholic leaders were forced to crack down on abusive priests, but they were too afraid to explore the root cause of the problem: Human sexuality.

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The church's impotent fathers

Dallas’ Fairmont Hotel during this week’s bishops conference reminded me of the Palace of Versailles after the First World War. In both buildings delegates in black frock coats, real or virtual, crowded spacious halls, their images bouncing back to them — in Versailles from the mirrored walls and in Dallas from the glassy eyes of the television cameras.

Both treaty-making groups contained idealists and politicians who had grown up in one era and found themselves in a place and state in history they did not know and whose language they could not understand. Both groups were well practiced, however, in looking solemn as they bent to the tasks of drafting pacts for wars they had backed into years before, confident that they could keep control without changing an old world and their comfortable places in it.

Only after unimaginable numbers of casualties piled up on a hundred battlefields — as grisly and unnecessary sacrifices to their arrogance — had the leaders begun to realize that this had been a war like no other, out of everybody’s control from the start. Why hadn’t somebody told us about this? Their white-haired heads bobbing as they conversed, they barely understood that the war had destroyed, for victors and vanquished alike, their world and the royal pattern of privilege and domination that they had presumed was God’s idea in the first place.

More than anything, more than their honor, these delegates from different centuries wanted to save their pale, never-in-the-sun skins. They had no ability to understand, let alone do anything about, the true causes of the war they so wanted desperately to end. This lack of insight, and their own impacted passivity, led them — after hours of obsessively carpentering words into the text (“I direct the chair’s attention to the word ‘credible’ in Line 100″) — to kill the larger meaning and endorse harsh punishments, without so much as the smallest wonder if they would bring any lasting settlement.

The bishops in Dallas followed their accustomed style by finally accepting harsh, no-exemptions policies to remove priest abusers from face-to-face contact with parishioners after one incident. They backed into this — their standard operating procedure — only under enormous pressure from their own Catholic people. And nobody was sure whether it would be enforced rationally or applied differently in each of the almost 200 dioceses. Passive is as passive does, and these bishops betray not a glimmer of insight into their habitual wait-and-see syndrome that, if Rome were burning, would have them put down their fiddles and take 10.

These same bishops have been passive to a generation and a half’s worth of warnings about troubles brewing in priests with psychosexual conflicts. They listened to reports in 1971 from the multidisciplinary study of the priesthood (that they had themselves funded), including psychological results that described a large cohort of priests as psychologically underdeveloped. They heard, they frowned, shrugged, and went home. Ten years later, they heard the first reports of priest sex abuse.

They managed to ignore the 1985 memorandum by Father Tom Doyle in which he prophesied that, if they did not act, the sex abuse by priests would harm thousands of people and cost up to $1 billion a year. They put off the study of this problem proposed by Chicago’s Joseph Cardinal Bernardin in 1986 and resisted adopting a national policy on the problem until this year in Dallas.

Nothing symbolized their current passivity better than the empty chairs in the Fairmont left by several American cardinals who did not show for the final press conference; they had gone like good little boys to Rome to meet with the pope on the matter.

They leave Dallas as passively as they entered, and they could not have symbolized it better if they had used skywriting. While they are ready to throw away the key on priests accused of sexual molestation, they struggled to exempt themselves — that is, bishops who knowingly covered up and/or reassigned sex abuser priests — from having any action taken against them.

As unable as the stiff-collared Versailles delegates were to understand that the old world they grew up in had changed utterly, these white-collared bishops are shielding themselves, as men did in the desperate trench warfare of World War 1, with the bodies of their priests. They’ve let them pile up like sandbags while we go back to the officers’ club. The peace made at Versailles was no peace, and the one in Dallas might as well have been written on a white flag of surrender.

These bishops back away from looking into the human sexuality that they so self-righteously try to supervise from their pulpits. Because they are very uneasy about sex they have failed to ask the most important question concerning this scandal: What are its causes? Sure, it occurs elsewhere, but how could it have taken root in the lives of men carefully selected and trained for selfless service? To enter the penalty phase and to make pledges about the future without asking the really hard questions about the origins of this problem resembles setting up clinics to treat plague victims without identifying and eliminating the source of infection.

But the bishops, accustomed to people saving seats and parking spaces for them, are passive to the end. They let others suggest that pedophilia is caused by homosexuality when there is no evidence to support it; they raise no objection when the pope tells them that they may not discuss celibacy when it’s clear that this discipline cries out for examination. Any organization that insists on celibacy and fails to acknowledge that it is necessarily connected with human sexual expression is buying time, and not much of that, before further problems appear as symptoms of the same unresolved attitudes.

The examination of how priests understand their own sexuality — and the bishops cannot exempt themselves from this — is a key element of the problem. This edging away from the sexuality that is at the center of all life may be the best that the bishops can do at this time. But that reveals the Dallas/Versailles problem perfectly: If this is the best that they can do, they have confessed their impotency. It is this impotency in the face of sexual violation that is the central revelation of the Dallas meeting. This impotency — this inability to act in a masculine manner — is what draws criticism from their Catholic people and inspires more than a few of them to say that nothing less than the resignation of all these bishops will suffice to make a true start at understanding and resolving this painful problem.

See no evil

By utterly failing to address the church's sex abuse scandal this week in Rome, the Catholic aristocracy demonstrated its complete irrelevance.

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See no evil

Ordinary American Catholics bear a wisdom within them that was hauntingly absent in their cardinals as they announced on Wednesday, to the melancholy taps of an uncertain trumpet, their unfinished plans to deal with the church’s roiling sex abuse scandal — a plague that they do not understand, although it has long afflicted their people, whose advice they have not sought. There is something poignant about good men bumbling solemnly in public, as travelers with 19th century tickets might on finding themselves on the concourse of the 21st century — what place is this, what is that noise overhead, what are those devices people murmur into as they hold them to their heads?

The American cardinals’ stunned out-of-synch surprise at finding themselves standing in postmodern Rome in medieval robes convinces everyday Catholics that the current crisis is not of the church as a great religious faith but rather of the church as a hierarchical organization — clanking, clumsy and good only for museum display. This is how we lived in the days of the divine right of kings.

Average Catholics retain their faith in their church but they have lost their confidence in that church’s leaders. Is there any wonder, after the utterly depressing Wednesday night presentation by these seemingly good and gentle men, as they proceeded to shred the flag of their own authority with their bewildered, belated, and finally benighted effort to get out front on an issue that they have been behind for 20 years?

This presentation by these crimson-clad princes of the church may be compared with the funeral of Edward VII — the last gathering, in 1910 London, of crowned heads and monarchs who rode their royally caparisoned mounts in the solemn spectacle, uncomprehending the fate that awaited them and their hierarchical tradition in the muddy wasteland of the First World War. What is left of the departed era of kings on top and commoners on the bottom wheezes now in a combination of soap opera and waxworks as a tourist attraction in Great Britain.

The cardinals assembled in Rome seem just as uncomprehending of the fate they called down upon themselves like doomed mythic gods, as they proposed a garbled answer to a question they were unable to ask clearly about a subject they were unable to define at all. That most of the cardinals did not bother showing up to explain themselves at the final news conference, pleading “other engagements,” offered another pathetic footnote to their already moldering claims to live and rule from ecclesiastical sky boxes high above and well beyond the expectations that bind ordinary humans who live so far beneath them.

Cardinal Theodore McCarrick of Washington, speaking for his brethren, was hard pressed to explain why there was no mention, in the vague propositions his confreres had authored, of these ordinary people. They were in there last night, he said, unable to voice what he may have suspected — that the cardinals had been so busy worrying about keeping their balance on their high perch that they failed to look down to that level where the ordinary people, whose sons and daughters had been plundered by priests, suffered, lived and, miraculously, still believed. Only hierarchy-induced vertigo explains why the church elite had lavished so much attention on the victimizing priests and so little on those they had victimized.

Let me see if I’ve got this right. These grown men traveled thousands of miles across the Atlantic to Rome to find out from the pope that the sexual abuse of minors is both a crime and a sin? I am not making this up.

The cosmos conspires against hierarchical structures in the space/information age. The first impulse of hierarchs is to control everything from that peak where they feel they have been placed like immaculate chess pieces by the hand of God himself. In the Loyola University study of bishops done by Dr. Mary Sheehan and Dr. Frank Kobler, we learned that these men suffer the hierarchical syndrome, for which no cure has been found. They believe as earnestly as Eagle Scouts that they have been chosen from all eternity to be successors to the Apostles, that it was in the plan all the while — royal blood is royal blood, why fight it? — that they were destined to be placed above others with power and privileges more sumptuous than the virgins in a terrorist’s dreams. As one responded when named a bishop, “It humbles me to be raised above my brother priests.”

All this sad self-importance revealed itself in the two-day exercise in Rome, when the cardinals’ main goal soon became apparent: They want to make sure that the pope approves of what they do. So they took their lead from the pope’s hard line about there being no place in the church or religious life for those who abuse children. That’s it, by God or by John Paul II, whichever comes first, one strike and you’re out of the priesthood, chalice, Roman collar and big car, too. The great problem, as some of them soon realized, is that the cardinals could not define the strike zone — is it a serial predator or a guy who slips once? Does the clock start now or do we make a sweep through the files to net more of the dead, the demented and the forgotten? Well, never mind, we can wait until June, when the American bishops convene in Dallas, to sort it all out — we pray.

Catholics want to admire and love their cardinals, but their affection is as sorely tested by this maladroit performance as a child’s is when his father comes home drunk on Christmas. Ordinary Catholics are disappointed that these men, so knowing about achieving lofty office, seem so clueless about understanding human problems. Catholics do not ask much of their bishops and other church leaders. They are dismayed rather than angered when they get so little in return about a problem that the bishops have spoken about, getting themselves in deeper and failing a little more, in a succession of languages.

First it was the language of law and insurance to protect corporate assets; let’s take this case by case, diocese by diocese, fight it all the way. But wait, the public told them, you’re pastors who should be protecting your flocks not your flanks. So then they shifted to the forked tongue of public relations. Sentences containing passive-voice phrases, as in “mistakes may have been made,” were troweled into place by P.R. experts. “Here’s how you handle it, Bishop, in that tight spot when they ask you to tell the truth about what really happened.” And lately, they have started talking the talk and walking the walk of criminal justice, turning in reams of names, sometimes of the dead, sometimes of men with unproved accusations — it’s like throwing babies off the sleigh in Russian novels, anything to keep the wolves from devouring us.

Catholics don’t think it’s rocket science, or even heavy theology, for bishops to understand what they know so simply in their hearts. Truth and falsehood differ, as do openness and evasion, disclosure and coverup, the elements that the robed monarchs seem to feel it is their right to mix and match with divinely granted impunity. Average worshipers also understand that their designated leaders had two decades, not just two days, to come to grips with a scourge that has damaged so many innocents — including the thousands of generous priests who live in the shadow that has been lengthened by the cardinals, who are more intent on protecting themselves and being approved by the pope than on taking care of their people. Why is it, ordinary Catholics ask, that they still don’t get it?

We have attended — no flowers, please — a funeral, not Edward VII’s, but of anachronistic religious royalty, that gilded pyramid on the point of which we find more bishops clustered than angels on the heads of pins. Just below are the higher clergy, right over there, your excellency; and below them, the priests — are you comfortable, Father? — and on the bottom, bearing the whole creaking structure on their backs, are the ordinary Catholics, whose children were offered up to the insatiable gods of the immature and unhealthy.

Catholics need weep no tears at this death of this hierarchy. It was an inside job, a victim of its own overstuffed pride, a Titanic that missed the iceberg but sank under the weight of the first-class passengers. The church has not been assaulted by progressive theologians or pro-women clerical activists. Nor has it been undone by homosexuals or by the eroticized culture of America. This decaying aristocracy did not go out with a bang but a whimper, that slow, sad exhalation of breath coming from the cardinals. They self-destructed not by taking some grand risk to reveal the truth, but by just standing there blankly, passionlessly — their faces, like those of the citizens of Pompeii, fixed in the expressions of eternal puzzlement with which they presented themselves to their people at a grave moment.

Catholics also understand that they, not the crimson-robed cardinals or the gold-ornamented buildings, are the church. This tragic episode allows the faithful a moment to clear away the marble debris that lies scattered around the pedestals from which the cardinals once reigned. In a profound rhythm of Catholic life, this destruction will be followed by resurrection — a rebirth that will come not through the church’s present timid and fearful leaders, but through the undying spirit of its everyday believers.

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