President Bush was roundly criticized during his first term for rarely meeting with African-American leaders and civil rights groups. But as part of an apparent New Year’s resolution to reach out to blacks in his second term, Bush met with the 43 members of the Congressional Black Caucus late last month. With this gesture, Bush surely hoped to begin luring more blacks into the Republican Party. Bush got 11 percent of the black vote in 2004, 2 percent more than supported him in 2000, but John Kerry still received 10 million more African-American votes than Bush did.
For caucus members, the Oval Office meeting was an opportunity to present their legislative agenda to the president — an agenda that centers on eliminating disparities in healthcare, education, economic opportunity and justice. Instead of healing old wounds, however, the meeting went awry when the discussion turned to the topic of voting rights. In an episode that got a lot of play in the black press, if not the mainstream media, Rep. Jesse Jackson Jr., D-Ill., asked the president a question that seemed like a no-brainer: “Do we have your support in extending and strengthening the 1965 Voting Rights Act when it comes up for renewal in 2007?”
According to Jackson, Bush responded that he didn’t know enough about the legislation to comment. Rep. Bobby Rush, D-Ill., who also attended the meeting, said he was “surprised and astounded” at Bush’s remarks. Bush’s effort to woo blacks on issues of concern to them clearly is not off to a good start. In attempting to sell Social Security reform to blacks, for instance, Bush pointed out that half of black men die before age 65 and therefore never receive their benefits. But instead of promising to address the causes of early death, including inadequate healthcare, he proposed to allow them to pass on the benefits to their children if they die prematurely. I doubt that was quite what African-Americans were hoping to hear. Then, in another blow to the priorities of African-Americans, Bush put more than 150 domestic programs on the chopping block in his new budget, including block grants needed to rebuild poor communities.
Claude Allen, assistant to the president for domestic policy, argues that Jackson and other caucus members mischaracterized the president’s response to the voting rights question. In a letter to the editor of the Chicago Defender, a black newspaper that criticized Bush’s reaction, Allen wrote last week: “The president answered that he would want to see the specific legislation, a reasonable response in light of the fact that the legislation has not been considered by Congress and is not needed until the current Act expires in 2007. I can assure you that the President is well aware of the importance of the Voting Rights Act.”
Either way, Bush’s awkward response was a signal to many African-Americans that although the president may want more blacks to support the GOP, he is rather disengaged from issues of importance to them. African-American reaction to the Oval Office incident in particular has been indignation — addressed on television programs such as “Tavis Smiley” on PBS and “America’s Black Forum,” in Clarence Page’s Chicago Tribune column and on various Web sites. African-American commentators are openly wondering: How could the president, who trumpeted the arrival of voting rights in Iraq, be so unaware of the history of voting rights in his own country?
For millions of African-Americans, the Voting Rights Act is a symbol of the century-long struggle for true democracy after the end of slavery. The act was passed only 40 years ago, and Bush is certainly old enough to remember how blacks were relentlessly terrorized for attempting to vote. More recently, the disenfranchisement of Florida voters in 2000 and the voting irregularities in Ohio during the last election have prompted legitimate concern in the black community about the fairness of U.S. elections. Making matters worse, Bush’s vagueness on voting rights could unintentionally feed an urban legend that has circulated among African-Americans by e-mail for years, claiming (inaccurately) that the entire Voting Rights Act will expire in 2007, taking away blacks’ right to vote.
Of course, the right to vote is protected by the 15th Amendment. And while the Voting Rights Act itself won’t expire in 2007, there are certain provisions in it that are crucial for Congress to renew — namely, Section 5, which requires federal preclearance of any voting changes to ensure that they are not discriminatory, and Sections 6-9, which set forth criteria for election monitoring by the Department of Justice. Other provisions up for debate are related to language assistance for minorities.
When one considers Bush’s poor record on voting rights, his comments to the Congressional Black Caucus seem less like an aberration than part of a pattern. Bush won office with the help of the disenfranchisement of thousands of blacks in Florida. But then he let two years pass before signing the Help America Vote Act, which is designed to improve the administration of elections. And because of the federal government’s delay in providing technical guidelines to states for new machines and other foot-dragging (such as waiting two years to appropriate funding for the act’s provisions), most states have been unable to improve their election equipment and fulfill other requirements of the act.
If the president were concerned about voting rights in America, he might have recognized his State of the Union address as a perfect opportunity to address the topic, just as he used the address to herald the historic voting in Iraq. But he didn’t say a word. If he had, Bush might have convinced African-Americans that he really is trying to mend the administration’s rift with the black community.
If President Bush and his Republican colleagues are serious about their courtship of African-American voters, they should bolster their knowledge of issues that are important to that community — and follow up with legislation and funding. Before Bush meets with black leaders again, his staff would do well to get him a copy of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the provisions up for renewal in 2007. He might learn something.
For two centuries, prominent African-Americans have regularly chastised black parents who fail to make education a top priority. Growing up, I listened to such complaints all the time. So when I first heard the remarks Bill Cosby made at the NAACP and Rainbow PUSH Coalition national conventions this summer, I thought, Amen … and big deal. There was nothing terribly new in Cosby’s comments. Yet his biting words provoked a firestorm of controversy that continues to burn — and I’m tired of it.
The misrepresentation of Cosby’s remarks by news reporters and commentators who should know better continues into the present. The Associated Press headlined one story: “Bill Cosby Has More Harsh Words for the Black Community,” and characterized his remarks as a “tirade.” Equally offensive was BET staff writer James Hill’s headline “Bill Cosby Takes Black Folks to the Cleaners.” Even progressive writer and syndicated columnist Earl Ofari Hutchison referred to Cosby’s comments as a “demoralizing … headline-grabbing yarn.”
For those who somehow missed the details, Cosby accused some black people of neglecting their duties as parents and chastised them for buying expensive sneakers while refusing to purchase much needed educational tools. Probably his harshest remarks were about their poor use of English. “They’re standing on the corner and they can’t speak English … I can’t even talk the way these people talk: ‘Why you ain’t,’ ‘Where you is’ … And I blamed the kid until I heard the mother talk. And then I heard the father talk … Everybody knows it’s important to speak English except these knuckleheads … You can’t be a doctor with that kind of crap coming out of your mouth.”
But it’s wrong to characterize Cosby’s statements as an attack on the black community. Cosby’s goal was to point out a problem that needs correcting and to provoke action, and plenty of other black leaders have done the same in the past.
The explosive reaction to Cosby’s critique may partly be due to our 24-hour news cycle and the limitless communication capability of the Internet. But the shock among both liberal and conservative whites actually reveals how divorced many white Americans are from currents of thought and debate within the black community. This is an age where liberal whites are generally uncomfortable with publicly criticizing the black community, so they were taken aback by Cosby’s remarks, while white conservatives seemed to take comfort in a respected black public figure stating what they thought all along — that black people are their own worst enemies.
But there was nothing in Cosby’s remarks that put him outside the black political mainstream. In his comments I heard echoes of African-American abolitionist David Walker, who wrote in his “Appeal to Colored Citizens of the World” in 1830, “I pray that the Lord may undeceive my ignorant brethren, and permit them to throw away pretensions, and seek after the substance of learning.” Translated into today’s language, Walker is exhorting young people to quit focusing on acquiring the “bling-bling” and get an education. W.E.B. DuBois, a tireless advocate who co-founded the NAACP, declared famously that, “A little less complaint and whining, ! ! and a little more dogged work and manly striving, would do us more credit than a thousand civil rights bills.” Malcolm X explained that “Black nationalism is not designed to make the Black man re-evaluate the White man, but to make the Black man re-evaluate himself. We ourselves have to remove the evils, the vices that are destroying the moral fiber of our community.”
Although Rev. Louis Farrakhan is publicly viewed as someone who harshly criticizes whites, he convened his Million Man March in 1995 to preach about the failings of black folks, and called on black men to atone for their sins and take care of their families. And while the Rainbow PUSH Coalition is often seen merely as a liberal interest group calling for more government assistance, for more than two decades it has also called on parents to pledge to take their children to school, meet with their children’s teachers, and make sure that they receive a progress report at the end of the semester that is discussed thoroughly with that child’s teacher. Even rapper Kanye West, whose “College Dropout” CD bothered some blacks because of its sarcastic messages about education, criticizes those in the community who buy jewelry and fancy cars instead of houses, and who rap about sex but not spirituality.
So Cosby’s remarks fit squarely within the African-American political tradition, in which those who are the most fervent critics of racism are often the harshest critics of black folks’ own failings. This tradition cannot be claimed by liberals, integrationists, nationalists or conservatives alone. The message is an old one. Despite America’s consistent failure to provide quality education to black America, through policies that first outlawed, then segregated and today still underfund public education, it is the responsibility of black people to overcome those barriers — or else continue to suffer.
Although Cosby is both a comedian and actor, he is also an educator by profession and training. Like his recent statements, Cosby’s humor has always been hyperbolic, creating extreme characters and images such as Fat Albert and “the Chicken Heart That Ate Chicago.” He created the universally acclaimed “Cosby Show” in the 1980s with the goal of spotlighting a positive, professional black family that rose above the buffoonish characterizations that existed on TV up until that point. Cosby was not only the father for black America, but he became America’s father figure as well. He has expressed his commitment to black people and American culture as a communicator, an entertainer and a philanthropist. Cosby has not given up on the black poor.
Black conservative commentators, such as Larry Elder or educator Thomas Sowell, thrilled to the frenzy over Cosby’s remarks, because they have no problem with nonconstructive and mean-spirited criticisms of the black community. But these people lack widespread legitimacy. Most black people recognize the difference between the black conservatism of the past, as expressed by Booker T. Washington, Marcus Garvey and even Elijah Muhammad, and the new brand of Elder and Sowell. The old guard’s black self-criticism grew not out of a desire to cultivate the love of the white right, but out of an age-old tradition of self-reliance. The new black conservatives are not Cosby’s soul mates — they perceive the problems he spoke of as solely the result of individual laziness and apathy. But Cosby’s criticisms were not intended as a justification for cutting back government funding for education or urban development.
Certainly, there remain some liberals of every race who believe prominent blacks should only talk about the failure of America to educate African-Americans, never about the failings of black Americans themselves. Their fear is that Cosby’s comments will be used to blame poor blacks for their predicament and further erode the programs that exist to help them. This perspective was crystallized by San Jose Mercury-News columnist Joe Rodriguez when he wrote that he “cringed” at Cosby’s comments because the “wrong jokers will embrace the punch line.” But many other people were comfortable hearing Cosby say publicly what they believe privately: Black America won’t thrive until it gets help from within, not just from outside.
Cosby’s comments may well be remembered for stirring up a new round of black community debate — and white attention to it. They are still sparking discussion all over the country, from a Boys and Girls Club forum for African-American youth and leaders in Fort Lauderdale, Fla., to the syndicated comic strip “The Boondocks,” which depicted the young and radical Huey P. Freeman and his grandfather in a humorous week-long discussion of Cosby’s comments, to a discussion among black prosecutors, cops, politicians and young people about San Francisco’s black homicide rate just last week. Next week Cosby heads back to Springfield, Mass., where he’s already promised to pay the college tuition of four local high school graduates, for a community forum on crime, poverty and education.
“I don’t know as much as the people coming to the meeting,” he told a local paper. “I’m just a high-profile celebrity whose heart is broken because it appears that this community is not showing enough support for their children,” he said.
Let’s hope when we look back, we find Cosby’s comments inspired all of that to change.
