Fiction

“An engine of anarchy”

Ken MacLeod talks about his rebellious youth, his political paradoxes and the visionary power of cyberpunk.

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Ken MacLeod is the greatest living Trotskyist libertarian cyberpunk science-fiction humorist. It’s a safe claim to make, because he is undoubtedly the only such creature. The 44-year-old Scot and former computer programmer imagines futures full of both socialist unions and libertarian enclaves, warring with each other and within themselves. You don’t often find communist mercenaries working for capitalist insurance companies in science fiction. In Ken MacLeod’s future, such political incongruities are a joyous fact of life. Add your regular cyberpunk ingredients — machine consciousness, post-human trickery, cool gadgets and lots of good drugs and rock ‘n’ roll — and you have a heady, rollicking brew.

MacLeod’s political fiction is no pose. He’s a former Communist Party member who has won two Prometheus awards for best libertarian science fiction novel. After his American editor told me that MacLeod was a regular “trenchant” contributor to Internet-based discussion groups, I decided to do some cyberspace stalking. Where does he hang out? The bulk of his contributions are in the Usenet newsgroup “rec.arts.sf.written.” No surprise there — r.a.s.w. is one of the oldest watering holes on the Net — quite a few authors congregate there with their fans, critics and peers. But his next most favored spot is “alt.politics.socialism.trotsky” — and after that, a little down the list, “talk.politics.libertarianism.” One of MacLeod’s hobbies, it seems, when he’s between books, is plunging into the Internet fray to argue about what Marx and Engels really intended, and to engage in the endless hair-splitting dear to libertarians.

Working out a left-wing theory of libertarianism might strike some observers as a headlong dive into a thicket of ultra-thorny contradictions. Can’t be done, you might think. And certainly, there are no ultimate answers contained in the four-book arc — “The Star Fraction,” “The Stone Canal,” “The Cassini Division” and “The Sky Road” — that MacLeod has constructed since 1995. But MacLeod’s keen intelligence and sharp sense of humor make the journey more than worthwhile — and definitely beg the question: Who is this guy? Where did these politics come from? MacLeod agreed to answer some of these questions via e-mail.

Here’s a wild guess. The city of Glasgow, Scotland, is famous for boasting a left-wing tradition as proud as that of any city in Europe. So I’ll assume you come from a family of Glasgow Trotskyists who worked in the Glasgow shipyards. Your knowledge of left-wing factional infighting is simply too intimate not to be drawn from real life.

Not at all! My parents were quite conservative and deeply religious Scottish Highlanders. There’s a certain amount of radicalism scattered among my relatives that goes all the way back to the crofters’ [small farmers] struggles of the 19th century and the experience of two world wars. My parents were staunch supporters of the welfare state and equally staunch opponents of socialism. They strongly disapproved of my interest in Trotskyism. Naturally I thought they were terrible reactionaries but this was far from the case. They were of the generation that defeated fascism and established the welfare state — they never moved forward from that but they never retreated.

Anyway, I became a left-winger not through any influence from my family or even the Clydeside [Glasgow shipyards] labor movement but through the same process as a lot of my friends did at high school, via our rather marginal involvement in youth counterculture. It may seem ridiculous that a bunch of teenagers in Greenock, Scotland, should be reading Marcuse and Malcolm X and George Jackson, R.D. Laing and Timothy Leary and of course the so-called underground press and smoking the occasional joint, but that’s how it was. The context of Britain in the early ’70s, and big struggles like the Upper Clyde Shipbuilders work-in and the war in Ireland, were part of the scene in that we took workers’ power for granted. France 1968 wasn’t that long ago, Poland 1970 was even more recent, and big strikes were fairly frequent. As one of the characters in “The Star Fraction” says, “I’ve seen the working class making days into history, and that isn’t something you forget.”

But how did a Trotskyist get interested in libertarianism?

After I graduated [from Glasgow University] I went as a post-grad to Brunel University in Uxbridge, just outside London, and immediately got stuck into political activity. I joined the International Marxist Group and was involved in a lot of campaigning on all kinds of issues, on campus and off. There were a lot of big struggles in London in the second half of the ’70s. I lived in a sort of licensed squat with people from England and Ireland and Kurdistan and life became much more intense. After that I lived in Finsbury Park in North London, and fell out with the International Marxist Group and later joined the Communist Party in the mid-’80s, just as it began to tear itself apart. I have to say I enjoyed being in the Communist Party more than I did being in the Trotskyist groups — it was much more open, and I think it was there that I lost my fanatical dogmatism. Because meanwhile, I’d been checking out other political ideas, I’d encountered the Libertarian Alliance and it and the debates in the Communist Party and the crisis of the Eastern Bloc stimulated me to think much longer and harder about socialism than I’d ever done before.

It wasn’t until after I read “The Star Fraction,” your first novel, that I’d learned you’d won two awards from the Prometheus Society for best libertarian science fiction novel. I found this pretty amusing because the hero of “The Star Fraction” is Moh Kohn, a communist mercenary who leads the Felix Dzerzhinsky Worker’s Defense collective. (Dzerzhinsky was the creator of the Soviet secret police.) Have you actually synthesized some kind of leftist libertarian world-view? Or are you just fooling around?

I’m not fooling around, but if I’ve synthesized a leftist libertarian world view I’d be very interested to know what it is! I do in fact agree with a lot of libertarian ideas and positions, like I’m against gun control and the war on some drugs and so forth, and I’m very proud of the two Prometheus awards. I think classical liberalism — what’s now called libertarianism — and classical Marxism have a lot more in common than many people think. Classical Marxism is very different from Trotskyism or any of the other varieties of Leninism, and I think even they have gone a long way downhill since the ’70s. The left is now more associated with repression and regulation than rebellion and liberation.

Wouldn’t the first difficulty inherent in merging leftism and libertarianism be trying to deal with the tension concerning individual rights and social justice? In “The Star Fraction,” your portrayal of a Britain fractured into countless tiny states, each with its own rules, is a libertarian utopia in the sense that all kinds of different approaches to ordering society are possible, but at the same time, life is hell within the confines of many of those mini-states.

Oh, absolutely, that’s part of the point. The politics of “The Star Fraction” — leaving aside the leftist element — is really trying to exacerbate a tension within libertarianism itself. If cultural minorities, religions and so on have their own little closed communities, they’re oppressive but if they aren’t closed, if they’re part of the wider society, they are themselves subtly altered. The libertarians aren’t really accepting the other world-views and lifestyles as having their own validity, they’re quietly banking on the notion that they’ll be assimilated. Whether this is a problem is left as an exercise for the reader.

Sitting here in front of my computer in Silicon Valley, it’s amazing how rarely one even hears the term “working class.” Sure, there are huge disparities of wealth, and plenty of temp worker exploitation and all that. But around here, receptionists and secretaries are as likely to have stock in a new start-up company as not. The so-called new economy that everyone talks about here almost tries to pretend that the working class is passi. That’s not quite the case in your books, is it?

I agree with the old Socialist Party of Great Britain argument that anyone who has to work for someone else for a living is a member of the working class. You may have stock options, but could you retire and live off them? If not, you’re still in the working class! It’s certainly true that there are big areas of overlap, fuzzy boundaries, and Silicon Valley is currently the El Niqo of class mobility in the U.S. … For the purposes of my stories, I assume that even if a lot of the heavy and dirty work continues to be off-loaded onto machines or onto the so-called third world, we’ll continue to see a growing proportion of the population dependent on a wage or salary, supplemented perhaps by self-employment and speculation. Even in “The Star Fraction” there are suggestions that things have moved on a bit — almost everyone in that book is a bit of a capitalist.

[But] the resurgence and the revolutions in my stories are not necessarily working-class even in the most generous sense, and they’re certainly not socialist. They’re presented in the stories as popular revolts against the New World Order, but which themselves only lead to further social breakdown: “What we thought was the revolution was only a moment in the fall.”

Your third novel, “The Cassini Division” struck me on first reading as less overtly political than your first two. Your American publisher has said that he thinks that the politics of your earlier novels may be a little too insidery for an American audience. But I’d hate to think you were watering down your politics to broaden your appeal.

I’d hate to think that, too. “The Cassini Division” is simpler than the other two because it has a less complicated structure and because it doesn’t have any bloody Trots! But I hope the conflicts over machine intelligence, morality versus might-is-right, and so on are just as satisfyingly unresolved as the more political conflicts in the other books.

American cyberpunks mostly seem to avoid really thinking about politics in any kind of organized way. Bruce Sterling’s most recent novel, “Distraction,” takes a whack at the topic, but the William Gibsons and the Neal Stephensons offer us societies in which critical thinking about politics seems to me to be absent. The cyberpunk author Pat Cadigan told me a few months ago that one could explain American cyberpunk obsessions from the fact that they were all the same generation of suburban-bred, TV-reared, baby boomers who grew up listening to rock ‘n’ roll and getting stoned. Marxist revolution doesn’t really fit in there, does it?

You’ve just named four of the writers I most admire! Bringing in the politics may be partly a British thing … From the North American cyberpunk side, it’s not just how they grew up but what they grew into; what they saw, correctly, as the bleeding edge of what was going on. And it was pretty prescient. They in a sense conjured up the Net and the Web, at least as much as Golden Age science fiction conjured up the space program. Long before I became a programmer, and indeed long before the Internet took off, I noticed that programmers talked like their minds were going into a virtual space, into something in their heads that was like Gibson’s cyberspace. And that was just respectable, commercial programmers. The hackers must have sounded much wilder.

The point being, they knew they were changing the world, and they were doing an end run around politics, as they thought. Politics did nothing but put obstacles in their way. The hacker ethos was to work around it. The Internet is an engine of anarchy even without anarchists, just because it’s there in a state of nature straight out of Locke or even Hobbes, and it works … As Murray Rothbard is supposed to have said of New York: “We already have the war of all against all, and it works fine!”

Looking at William Gibson’s more recent fiction, one of the things that struck me is how his villains have changed — they used to be transnational corporations and evil artificial intelligences, but now it’s media itself — tabloid TV, the endless fascination with celebrity. Do you think this is a reflection of the current economic boom in the U.S.? It seems to be hard for science fiction writers, especially out here on the West Coast, to think about the immediate future in the same kind of dystopian, shanty-town, drugs-and-AIDS catastrophe way that was so popular in the late ’80s. Instead, the new focus is on the media manipulators who specialize in operating in the new economy.

Funnily enough, the latest situationist-type rant, “Two Hundred Pharaohs, Five Billion Slaves …,” that I’ve stumbled across — massively researched, staggeringly erudite and apparently written by a complete unknown on an office PC — makes the very point that the two aspects, celebrity and poverty, software and sweatshops, are increasingly intertwined by the information industry and the industrialization of information. I haven’t checked this, but it credibly claims that 5 percent of the British work force is employed in 24-hour banking/credit telephone call centers — low-paid, unorganized, and working constantly on keyboards and phones, with a very high level of physical and nervous stress. There’s a lot going on there — the possible link-up between celebrity and surveillance, for example. We’ll all be on the telly, but most of us get our 15 minutes of fame on closed-circuit television.

Even so, there is a sense of hope running through all your novels, an essentially optimistic belief that, as suggested at the end of your second novel, “The Stone Canal,” there are no limits. In some ways, that’s the most Marxist thing about your writing — this idea that progress really exists.

I do think that progress exists, in fact I can dig up one of my favorite quotes from a Marxist, V. Gordon Childe’s conclusion to “What Happened In History”:

“These hints must suffice. Progress is real if discontinuous. The upward curve resolves itself into a series of troughs and crests. But in these domains that archaeology as well as written history can survey, no trough ever declines to the low level of the preceding one; each crest out-tops its last precursor.”

Andrew Leonard

Andrew Leonard is a staff writer at Salon. On Twitter, @koxinga21.

50 shades of Shutterstock

Slide show: Everyone's favorite light-bondage bestseller illustrated by inexplicable stock photography SLIDE SHOW

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50 shades of Shutterstock

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This week, for roughly the millionth time, E.L. James’ romance-bondage trilogy “50 Shades” nabs the No. 1, 2 and 3 spots on the New York Times bestseller lists. We don’t get it either. Every page of that book, which famously began as “Twilight” fan fiction, elicits a sigh of confusion and weird secondary embarrassment. The question is: Who would read this? (The answer is: Apparently everyone.) It’s the same baffled, helpless feeling we get when we sort through stock photos on a daily basis. Stock photos – which have been the subject of recent outstanding Internet satire – are used by this site, and many others, to illustrate our flood of content. Many are plain and simple, but a good portion are flat-out mind-blowing. Why did anyone think that photo was a good idea? It only made sense to join these forces. And so, we present to you passages from the most head-scratching bestseller of our time, illustrated with the assistance of inexplicable stock photography.

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Megaphone by Natalie Bakopoulos

Miracles happen, even in an Athens crippled by a garbage strike, to a young mother unsure of her ability to love

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Megaphone by Natalie Bakopoulos (Credit: iStockphoto/caracterdesign)

It’s the third week of the garbage strike and Athens has begun to smell. Bright-colored trash bags fill the curbs and alleyways, and we have learned to step over the rubbish and avoid the blocks that had become unnavigable. We know which stretches are particularly foul — a stretch along Mavili Square, or the entire top end of Monastiraki. Odos Athinas is a sea of trash, and Omonia is ghastly but we don’t go there anyway. May has gone from unseasonably cool to raging hot, and the garbage seems to be melting. In front of the museum it’s like yet another installation project. When I arrive each morning I want to wretch.

My 5-year-old son, Alekos, sits on the balcony of our apartment. Visible from there are pine trees and details of other people’s lives, audible are the sounds of morning, the birds above and voices below. Evenings, Alekos lies on the divan on the balcony in his pajamas, watching the moon. He is obsessed with it, and his father made him a playlist of all the Greek songs that mention it. When he was smaller he’d stare at the moon until he fell asleep.

This morning, though, Alekos lies flat on the ground, peering down through the slats of the railing, staring at the trash. Next to him is his iPad ­– a gift from his father, and yes, I know, but his father doesn’t live with us and what can you do?­ — and now he favors bad pop music like the older kids at school. So I’m surprised this morning when I hear the sounds of Elmo counting. He’s embarrassed by this favorite YouTube clip­­ – it’s for babies, he says ­­­­– but it comforts him. The tension these days is overwhelming.

Alekos looks up when he sees me, furrows his brow, and tells me if he were a deputy like his father, he’d force everyone to clean up the garbage. “And to make a new government,” he says.

I tell him that would be nice.

“At least I can fly,” he says. He is wearing the Spider-Man costume my sister brought him from the States.

I tell him Spider-Man jumps and leaps and sticks to things. He doesn’t fly. “Besides,” I quickly add, thinking of all the balconies around us. “You’re not Spider-Man.” Even I have wondered what it might be like to jump from one to the next. I smooth his light hair, which is growing long. “You need a haircut,” I say.

I hold out two polos, one white, one blue, so he feels he has a choice. He pulls the blue shirt over the costume, and I hope that his teachers aren’t too upset by this because I am too exhausted to argue with him.

Outside, the trash has piled up, and Alekos can’t get into the car from the curb. I tell him I’ll pull the car up so he can get in without pushing his way through the refuse. He wrinkles his nose at the smell. But when I get to the driver’s side, Alekos is no longer standing there.

Instead he is floating 12 feet above the curb, his Spider-Man-clad arms stretched out like wings.

Alekos,” is all I can say, “get down.” He swoops over to me, hovering just above my reach, and finally glides gracefully to my feet as if he has been practicing this move for months. Bending down to face him and gripping the straps of his backpack, I have the panicked feeling that if I let go he will fly away.

“How long has this been going on?” I whisper. “Tell me.”

One old man walks past us with his hands behind his back and says nothing. He barely notices us. Across the street a woman hurries along in heels, yelling into her phone. No one else is around.

Alekos shrugs, aloof, and looks away with those dark eyes, almost black, like his father’s. “I tried to tell you.”

“Does Babas know about this?” I ask, suddenly sure his father would keep this from me, just the way he failed to mention his girlfriend was staying the night, reading Alekos bedtime stories when he stayed there. Oh, the flying? I thought you knew?

“No,” Alekos says.

“Just at home, OK?” I say. I don’t want to alarm him, but I want to be firm.

He digs in his backpack and tells me he saw his father on the news that morning. This is one reason I don’t like him to watch television at all. For the rest of the drive, we’re quiet.

“I know I’m not Spider-Man,” he says finally, when we arrive.

“OK,” I say. “Do you fly at school?” I ask.

“No.” He looks at me in the rearview mirror, completely incredulous. “Nobody does.”

He gets out of the car and hurries off to meet some other kids, who admire his Spider-Man arms as if they are tattooed. I wait for him to turn around and wave but he doesn’t, and for a moment it seems his feet levitate off the ground. But maybe I am imagining it; he walks in, one foot after the other, like everyone else. I park at the metro station and take the train into the city center, turning up the ringer on my phone.

I call his father three times but get his voice mail. I text him to call me. He texts me an hour later — Ola kala? — and I trip over a split-open trash bag, as if these sidewalks weren’t already treacherous enough. I answer, Yes, everything’s fine. This will have to wait until we are face to face, which is not often.

We met when I was teaching art classes on Paros one summer. I soon got pregnant, and we didn’t get married, but I stayed in Greece. I think he still resents me for not marrying him. To be honest, I can’t even remember my reasons. It all seems like another lifetime, decades ago, when Athens felt proud and vibrant those few years after the Olympics.

A few more messages come from him but I’m busy and don’t answer. Then, when I’m outside the museum, finishing my installation, he shows up.

“You don’t call me three times in a row with no message,” he says, frustrated. “You barely call me at all, unless the kid is on fire.”

No, not fire, I think.

He surveys my project, one giant megaphone outside the  museum, the size of a kiosk, with cameras inside that will film street activity and project it onto a screen inside. Tiny figurines in various stages of undress shoot out from the megaphone, suspended by invisible wire. I’ve compiled old Greek footage of both celebrations and protests, which will air inside the museum, and the outdoor footage will be superimposed on those old clips. I wonder if anyone is inside now, watching us, or what we’re matched with: a hectic street scene, a political rally, a brilliant August moon?

“I like it,” he says, in English, in that supportive tone he uses when he doesn’t know what to say about my work but wants to convey he approves.

“Oh, stop it,” I say.

“And with the garbage,” he says. “A nice touch.”

And the two of us laugh, the first time we have laughed together in a long time, since before the elections, since before the crisis, probably not since Alekos was an infant and we marveled at every smile and uttered “word.” Suddenly I think I should have thought to make those tiny figures children, with wings. I wonder why I didn’t think of it before, why it always takes the manifestation of something so crazy to make me realize something so simple.

“Let me take you for a coffee,” he says, “or something stronger? We can sit outside, where it’s quiet.” The trash stench is so bad that everyone sits inside, smoking.

“You have time for that?” I ask, knowing he doesn’t. I can hear his phone buzzing in his pocket. “I should keep working.”

One night, right before these last elections, he came to pick Alekos up and he kissed me when Alekos went to grab his toys. “Not yet,” I said. My attempt at self-preservation while the rest of the country implodes. It’s hard enough just to be friends.

“OK,” he said then. “We’ll get there, one day.”

Now, I lean into him a moment. Together we survey what I’ve made. I want to tell him, Our son can fly. I want to tell him, Stay.

“Are we there yet,” he says quietly, distantly, not as question but statement, and he rests his chin on my head and looks out into the street: the sleepy shops, the political posters pasted over the boarded-up kiosks, the hot afternoon sun beating down on it all. “Are we?”

And then my phone is ringing­­ — it’s the school office — and I know of course what has happened. I imagine Alekos flying around his classroom like an angry bee, out into the schoolyard, beyond the trash, beyond the protests and our land in limbo. Or maybe he is more relaxed, gliding effortlessly the way I fly in my dreams, his superhero costume and sandy hair glowing in the afternoon sun, until he finds us here, his parents who don’t know where we are or where we’re going, and taking us up with him, catapulting us into the vast unknown. Our images would flicker on the screen inside, soaring above that old footage of our shattered, magnificent city.

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Natalie Bakopoulos's first novel, "The Green Shore," will be published by Simon & Schuster in June 2012. Her work has appeared in Tin House, Ninth Letter, Granta Online, and The O. Henry Prize Stories 2010, and she is a contributing editor for the online journal Fiction Writers Review.

Almost by Chris Pavone

She never thought of herself as ambitious, until motherhood and career collided in one horrifying hospital ride

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Almost by Chris Pavone (Credit: iStockphoto/caracterdesign)

It’s just before dawn when Isabel puts the final page down on the fat stack of paper that sits on the rumpled bedspread, next to an overflowing crystal ashtray and a crumpled soft-pack of cigarettes. She’d tried Wellbutrin and Xanax; she’d used patches and gum. In the end, the only thing that made her quit smoking was being pregnant.

But then, after everything, she couldn’t help but start up again. At first it was just a single cigarette per day, or two. Then it became a few, and within months she was back to full-throttle. Over the past couple of years, she’s tried to quit a few times, but not seriously. She anticipates — she accepts — failure. Because she doesn’t want to quit, not really. She wants instead to try, and fail.

Isabel picks up the manuscript with both hands, flips it over, and uses her thumbs to align the pages. She takes a deep breath, lets out a long sigh.

Another night lying in bed, working. She’d fallen asleep at 11, then woke sometime after 2, her mind unquiet. But it wasn’t until 3 that she admitted she was awake. She then picked up a manuscript and a pencil, and started working, page after page, all through the desperate hours. Vaguely reminiscent of those days when Nicky was an infant, in the middle of the night, sleep-deprived, awake in a dormant world. The small hours when a blanket of quiet smothers the city, but through the moth-eaten holes there’s the occasional lowing of a railroad in New Jersey, the distant Dopplered wail of an ambulance siren. Then the inevitable thump of the newspaper on the doormat, the end of the idea of night, even though it’s still dark out.

She stares across the room, off into the black nothingness of the picture window on the opposite wall, its severe surface barely softened by the half-drawn shades, an aggressive void invading the serene cocoon of her bedroom. The room is barely lit by a small bullet-shaped reading sconce mounted over the headboard, aiming a beam of light directly at the top of her head, creating a halo in the reflection in the window. An angel. Except she’s not.

Isabel shuffles into the dark hall, flips the light switch. She turns on the kitchen lights, and the coffee — switched from auto-on, which is set to start brewing an hour from now, to on — and the small television on the counter. Filling the lonely apartment with humming electronic life.

The coffee machine hisses and sputters, big plops falling into the tempered glass. She watches the contraption’s clock, changing from 5:48 to 5:49. Grabs the plastic handle of the carafe and fills the mug with hot, viscous, bitter, bracing caffeination. She takes a small sip, then a larger one.

She walks down the hall, lined with the photographs that she’d unearthed four years ago, when she was moving out of her matrimonial apartment, into this single-woman space in a new neighborhood, far from the painful memories of her home — of her life — downtown, where she’d been running into too many mothers, often with their children. Women she’d known from the playgrounds and the toy stores and the mommy-and-me music classes, from the gyms and grocers and coffee shops, from preschool drop-off and the waiting room at the pediatrician’s. All those other little children growing older, getting bigger.

So she’d bought herself a one-bedroom in an uptown full-service building, the type of apartment that a woman chooses when she reconciles herself that she’s not going to be living with another human being, probably forever. That she’s making her loneliness comfortable. Palliative care.

She lined this nice new hallway with framed photos. There she is, herself, a smiling little toddler. And with her mother on the first day of second grade. At college graduation with her two best friends. There are her grandparents, at the final family reunion before they both died, within weeks of each other. Isabel in a big white dress, aglow, in the middle of the panoramic-lens group shot. A much smaller print, lying in a hospital bed, beaming at Nicky in her arms, tiny and red and angry in his swaddling blanket and blue cap. A grainy shot of herself onstage in a little black dress, accepting an award, beaming again, but not as wide. Some joys aren’t as joyous as others.

It was more than possible — it was inevitable — to blame herself, her ambition, even though she’d never thought of herself as especially ambitious. But everyone has important moments, in any job, at any level of ambition. In the Supreme Court or a fourth-grade classroom, on an assembly line or a fishing boat, there are crucial days.

For Isabel the literary agent, this day was dominated by an auction she was running for a hotly anticipated second novel, whose author needed a lot of hand-holding, and whose bidders kept increasing their offers every half-hour, from mid-five figures to high-sixes in the course of the day. This lucrative 9-to-6 was followed by a 7 o’clock black-tie that included an honor for, and an interminable speech by, a different author of hers. So this frantic day, it featured a wardrobe change. And the evening portion was just as important work as the daytime; just because there was liquor and food and fancy dress didn’t mean it wasn’t work.

The nanny called a couple times during Isabel’s 16 hours at work, worrying that Nicky’s cold or flu or whatever was getting worse. Dave was away on a business trip, and Isabel didn’t want Lupe to be the one to go to the doctor with Nicky; the nanny’s English would be generously described as weak, and sometimes that mattered. So Isabel made an appointment for first thing the next morning. Anyone would’ve done the same thing.

Isabel returned home after midnight, exhausted. She thanked Lupe and sent her home in a taxi, and let her cocktail dress fall to the floor, and collapsed into bed.

She was awakened at dawn by the screaming. Nicky was burning up, 106. She rushed downstairs with the boy in her arms, and ran around the block, panting and desperate, until she found a taxi.  “Don’t worry, Sweetie,” she said. “We’ll be at the doctor’s in a minute.” The hospital was only a mile away.

The taxi peeled away from the curb, the eerie blue light washing over the dingy white garbage trucks, the Mexican kids swabbing down the sidewalks in front of all-night delis, the street-cart vendors positioning their pastries in front of office buildings, the joggers with reflective stripes down their shorts, the normal business of a city’s day starting, coming to life.

“Are we there yet?” Nicky asked, as he had so many times. From the back seat of the shiny SUV that was cleaned every week by the guys in the garage, on their way out to the weekend house in East Hampton, back when her life looked like something to be envied. He had said it on the way to visit Dave’s parents in Oyster Bay, or hers upstate in the Hudson Valley. While heading to Vermont, for a ski weekend; to Cape Cod, to visit friends; to the Bronx Zoo and the Brooklyn Aquarium, Yankee Stadium and Citi Field. It was something the little boy asked, all the time.

But this was the last time.

In the back of the moldy-smelling taxi she pushed the fever-damp hair off her son’s hot forehead. “Nearly,” she said. He shut his eyes, and then slipped silently into a coma, there on the slippery silver vinyl seat of the taxi.

An hour later, Nicky was dead. A supervirus, said the young doctor, who had been up all night, up for who knows how long, working; he was tired and frustrated, and perhaps not as tactful as he could’ve been.

At the end of the hall Isabel stops at the spotlit photograph, a small black-and-white in the center of a vast expanse of stark white matting. A little boy, her baby, laughing on a rocky beach, running out of gentle surf, holding a little toy hammer. Isabel reaches her hand to her lips, plants a kiss on her fingers, and transfers the kiss to the little boy. As she does every morning.

There was, the doctor added, almost nothing she could’ve done. Almost.

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Memorial Day fiction: Are we there yet?

Salon exclusive: At the start of the summer fiction season, new stories from Chris Pavone and Natalie Bakopoulos

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Memorial Day fiction: Are we there yet? (Credit: iStockphoto/caracterdesign)

“Are we there yet?”

It’s a dreaded sentence. When it’s spoken by an anxious child from the back seat, it’s enough to make stressed-out parents wish they’d never taken a family vacation in the first place. And even if it’s delivered as a sing-songy punch line, from an impatient partner or spouse on a long road trip, it’s an irritating eye-roller of a joke.

So this Memorial Day weekend — the unofficial start of the summer vacation season, and therefore the summer fiction season — we asked two novelists to reclaim the sentence in a new and adult context. For our latest fiction project, there was only one simple rule: Each story had to include the line “Are we there yet?” in a fresh and surprising way.

Our authors are two people you should be taking to the beach with you this summer. Chris Pavone is the author of “The Expats,” the New York Times best-selling thriller with more satisfying twists than the Pacific Coast Highway. Natalie Bakopoulos is the author of “The Green Shore,” one of 2012′s most anticipated debut novels, a beautiful family drama that is set during another Greek crisis — the 1967 military coup.

To read the stories, just follow the links below:

“Megaphone” by Natalie Bakopoulos

“Almost” by Chris Pavone

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David Daley is the senior culture editor of Salon.

“Frankenstein” remixed

This masterful new adaptation of Mary Shelley's classic novel may be the best interactive fiction yet

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This originally appeared on The Chimerist, a site devoted to the intersection of art, stories, and technology.

Whatever interactive fiction is (and we’re still figuring that out) it suffers from all the problems of traditional fiction and then some. The vast majority of novels and short stories aren’t much good, but when a branching fiction — along the lines of the old “Choose Your Own Adventure” children’s books — fails to engage, the first impulse is to blame the form rather than the content. Let “Frankenstein,” just released by Inkle Studios and Profile Books, serve as a reproach to that reflex. The app is a creative, subtle and sensitive adaptation of Mary Shelley’s classic novella, and it has singlehandedly renewed this critic’s hopes for interactive fiction.

What this “Frankenstein” isn’t is a replication of the source text with the addition of a lot of digital doohickeys like sound effects and illustrations that animate when tapped. The app is all about the text, even if it is beautifully framed by period art and anatomical illustrations. The reader is presented with a screenful of narration and then offered one or more responses to it. The preferred response, when tapped, delivers up another screen of text. (In an absurdly pleasing visual touch, these appear as sheets of paper fasted together by straight pins.) According to the press materials, the reader’s responses will shape the way the narrative is presented, although not to the degree of substantively changing the plot.

This is an important point. The pleasure of storytelling lies in the dynamic between the surprising and the inevitable. The reader wants to feel the story is going somewhere, that its events follow from each other in meaningful, but not too obvious ways. When a story can go anywhere, it feels meaningless. In Mary Shelley’s novella, which is saturated with the Western tradition of the tragedy, Viktor Frankenstein’s character is such that he must create a monster, and the monster’s body is such that he can never belong among human beings however much he yearns to. A “Frankenstein” that ended with either misfit finding a comfortable place in the world would be a travesty.

But that doesn’t mean the reader doesn’t long for the story to unfold otherwise; that’s the nature of tragedy. The great insight that writer Dave Morris brings to this adaptation of the novel is that while a reader cannot significantly change the outcome of the story, the interactive element can change the shading and flavor of the tale. It can be mournful and reflective or action-packed. The creature and his creator can show greater or lesser ambivalence about their own behaviors. The ambiguity of both figures is baked into Mary Shelley’s novella, and while Morris has nearly doubled the word count of the original, this mostly amounts to playing up or down what’s already there.

Morris — a novelist who has written graphic novels, games and, yes, Choose-Your-Own-Adventure stories for kids — has changed the original text in other ways, as well. (Let’s take a moment here to point out to all future narrative app developers that hiring a real writer who actually knows what he or she is doing is totally worth it.) He’s moved the setting to revolutionary France, a choice that shows shrewd understanding of the idealistic political climate that affected Shelley’s thinking; the new Republic is its own kind of Frankenstein’s monster. He’s also eliminated much of the 19th-century framing of the tale and converted it into two present-tense narrations. One is Frankenstein’s dialogue with either himself or a (possibly imaginary) companion. The other is a second-person account of the monster’s first weeks of life as it spies on a family of dispossessed French nobility and has the chance to observe the loving relationships it can never enjoy itself.

Morris presents the reader with choices I’ve not encountered in other interactive fictions. Is humanity mostly good, or mostly evil? Does the most recent development make you (the monster) feel hope or despair? Is the revolution the dawn of a brave new world or a descent into chaos and barbarity? While I’m usually skeptical that present-tense narration increases the “immediacy” of a story, in this case, it really does work, particularly in the sections concerning the monster. Depending on your own outlook, you may urge him to keep trying to connect with humanity, or promptly forward him on to homicidal rage.

In either case, the narrative is shaped not by the reader deciding to turn left or right, to go down into the cellar or to get out of the house — the usual actions offered on the choose-your-own menu. Instead, the options have more to do with personality and interpretation, beliefs and ideas. As a result of the reader’s choices, the characters seem more like him- or herself, with a concurrent ratcheting up of emotional investment. To my surprise, I found myself more moved by this adaptation of the Shelley novel than I have been by the source text. (Although the app does include the original if you want to compare and contrast.) This is the only interactive fiction I’ve ever read with that quintessential, old-fashioned readerly avidity: the hunger to know what happens next. Of course, I already knew, but that didn’t matter at all.

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Laura Miller

Laura Miller is a senior writer for Salon. She is the author of "The Magician's Book: A Skeptic's Adventures in Narnia" and has a Web site, magiciansbook.com.

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