Fiction
Eros in the age of machines
Why did Theodore Sturgeon's great love stories languish in the ghetto of science fiction?
Any reader who traverses the entirety of Theodore Sturgeon’s “Selected Stories,” now published, 15 years after his death, by the prestigious Vintage Books division of Random House, is almost certain to wonder just what happened here, once upon a time. There is greatness, and there is a tragedy. Why is it only now that these stories have come out of the dark? Why wasn’t their author recognized long ago as an innovative and ambitious short story writer, one of the best America has produced? Why do so many of his stories shake themselves apart? Why do some of them tear us apart?
There’s also a mystery here. Sturgeon’s stories — even when astutely selected, as in this volume; even when they’re heartbreakingly fine, as most of these tales are — give off a sense that something terrible must have happened long ago, almost certainly to Sturgeon himself. Which is not to say that Sturgeon was a writer who could not control his talent, or that the work in “Selected Stories” is anything like incompetent. Neither is the case, though some of the tales assembled here seem to run away from their author, and Sturgeon himself was certainly capable of spouting the awfullest flapdoodle, like some inebriated Ancient Mariner, who stoppeth one of three in the airport lounge, and saith, “All you need is love, all you need is love, get me?, all you need is love,” ’til the cows come home.
But most of the “Selected Stories” do not read like that. They are far more dreadful, and more fine, than that. They are like the residues of some terrible accident, one of those mass pileups on the interstate only visible from the CNN helicopter, anguished Edvard Munch faces turned up to the television cameras trying to convey something.
The intensity is shattering, so shattering that some of the tales burn right through the usual conventions of storytelling, and their protagonists — some of them so bound in passion that they are nearly mute — also tend to fall through the fabric of normal life, like the inarticulate hero of “Bianca’s Hands,” whose ultimately demented adoration of the slim beautiful hands of an idiot girl named Bianca leads him to marry her. The end is grotesque, grand guignol, profoundly pathological. We are left with ashes, a sense that someone (the author? the lover?) has been screaming into our skulls.
“Bianca’s Hands” is a tale of horror, a form given over to the imparting of “unnamable” emotional states that give you the vicarious shakes, but most of these stories are science fiction, a genre whose protagonists, during the period Sturgeon wrote most of his work, tended to be gripped not by passion but by some sort of world-changing project. Sturgeon was first and foremost a genre writer. The 13 titles assembled in “Selected Stories,” which constitute a mere 12 percent or so of his output of short fiction, were mostly written between 1944 and 1955, and almost all were published in magazines like Astounding, Galaxy or the Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction. Only “It” (1940), an atypical horror tale featuring bad slime gussied up as Swamp Thing, and “Slow Sculpture” (1970) are from outside that central period. One story alone went straight into book form: “Bright Segment,” an overdrawn tale of psychopathology with no genre content, was published for the first time in “Caviar” (1955), a Sturgeon collection.
For most of these stories to get published, therefore, they had to wear sheep’s clothing. They had to look as though they were a natural part of science fiction’s Big Story during those years, when the field was gripped by an extroverted, expansionist dynamic. The Big Story was about heroes who intended to make this world work better or to discover new worlds to conquer. The physical universe was something to manipulate, not to commune with. Love was a reward for good service, not the heart of the matter. Aliens were to be fought if inimical, or domesticated if not; they were not often found to have lessons to impart to us, certainly not soppy lessons about how humans should relate to one another, as in “The Sex Opposite,” where aliens who breed by exchanging cell nuclei, like paramecia, show humans how to really get it together. “The Sex Opposite” is a story that needed some genuine over-the-top sex to cement its message, but — unlike Robert Heinlein a few decades later in “Stranger in a Strange Land,” with its explicit lessons in heterosexual grokking — Sturgeon could not in 1950 come out into the open and clearly say what he wanted to convey: He wanted to tell his readers to love each other, and to have lots of sex while doing so.
But he continued all the same to plow the fields of genre, whether he did so because he couldn’t publish elsewhere or because he loved the feel of speculative fiction, which gave his rampaging talent tools to work with. It is not the fault of that genre that, in the end, those tools — that field, those editors, these readers — cramped a great talent until he became silent; he wrote very few stories after the 1950s. It is not the fault of science fiction that Sturgeon tore himself to bits in its teeth. But he did. And it is our great good luck that his rage to express himself generated so many tales whose emotional rightness pierces through the veils of circumspection, moving us all the more through the upwelling pressure of the almost said. You could almost hear the wail.
It was the wail of a man with universes to say, and no tongue. But fortune really was with us, as most of “Selected Stories” demonstrates. Every once in a while Sturgeon found his tongue — and it happened frequently enough to make up the contents of one big book like this, and probably a couple more. His best stories about sex, like “The Sex Opposite” or “The Skills of Xanadu” — where liberated, seemingly primitive villagers trick a visitor from another planet into carrying back to his totalitarian state the seeds of Sturgeonesque rebellion — are as full of hidden dynamite as those great Hollywood romantic comedies made when literal obedience to the Hayes Code didn’t clear the air of sex but rather charged it with the stuff. (A movie like Howard Hawks’ “Bringing Up Baby,” in which Cary Grant and Katharine Hepburn never actually kiss, is perhaps as erotically charged a film as it’s possible for a viewer to experience without bursting.)
So the emotions were, occasionally, fed into stories that could sustain them. This is perhaps clearest in the climax of “The Widget, the Wadget, and Boff,” which argues with palpable intensity that men and women are unnaturally isolated from one another; that the normal forms of human social interaction are forms of bondage; that when humans open themselves to one another and to the world, it is not just love that they feel, though human beings are only truly human when loving. What they feel is an instinctive equilibrium of joining, a balancing of the entire human species in something like a dance. This is what governs the actions of the alien couple (the Widget and the Wadget, to give them their names) who, disguised as boardinghouse proprietors, test their boarders nearly to destruction by forcing them to be honest about themselves. Honesty, Sturgeon suggests, is almost intolerably difficult for the unaided human to achieve; and absolutely necessary, if we are to gain the universe. And the heart of being honest is to share love, as one of the awakened protagonists eventually understands:
That’s what Bitty and Sam [which is what Widget and Wadget call themselves on Earth] gave us — a synaptic reflex like the equilibrium mechanisms, but bigger — much bigger. A human being is an element in a whole culture, and the culture itself is alive … I suppose the species could be called, as a whole, a living thing.
We may doubt that Sturgeon’s passionate longing to share is the answer, as he thought it was, to all our woes upon this planet, but there is no gainsaying the deep urgency of his plea. Over and above the pleasures of his storytelling — for he could tell a rattling yarn when it suited his deeper needs to do so — it is why he should be read today. These stories, taken together, brief us about species togetherness; they plead to us: Do not shut down. Do not become less than human. Do not become a solitude.
Please, says Sturgeon, staring up at the cameras.
John Clute is the editor of "Science Fiction: The Illustrated Encyclopedia." His writing has appeared in the New York Times, the Washington Post and many other publications. More John Clute.
50 shades of Shutterstock
Slide show: Everyone's favorite light-bondage bestseller illustrated by inexplicable stock photography SLIDE SHOW
This week, for roughly the millionth time, E.L. James’ romance-bondage trilogy “50 Shades” nabs the No. 1, 2 and 3 spots on the New York Times bestseller lists. We don’t get it either. Every page of that book, which famously began as “Twilight” fan fiction, elicits a sigh of confusion and weird secondary embarrassment. The question is: Who would read this? (The answer is: Apparently everyone.) It’s the same baffled, helpless feeling we get when we sort through stock photos on a daily basis. Stock photos – which have been the subject of recent outstanding Internet satire – are used by this site, and many others, to illustrate our flood of content. Many are plain and simple, but a good portion are flat-out mind-blowing. Why did anyone think that photo was a good idea? It only made sense to join these forces. And so, we present to you passages from the most head-scratching bestseller of our time, illustrated with the assistance of inexplicable stock photography.
Megaphone by Natalie Bakopoulos
Miracles happen, even in an Athens crippled by a garbage strike, to a young mother unsure of her ability to love
(Credit: iStockphoto/caracterdesign) It’s the third week of the garbage strike and Athens has begun to smell. Bright-colored trash bags fill the curbs and alleyways, and we have learned to step over the rubbish and avoid the blocks that had become unnavigable. We know which stretches are particularly foul — a stretch along Mavili Square, or the entire top end of Monastiraki. Odos Athinas is a sea of trash, and Omonia is ghastly but we don’t go there anyway. May has gone from unseasonably cool to raging hot, and the garbage seems to be melting. In front of the museum it’s like yet another installation project. When I arrive each morning I want to wretch.
Continue Reading CloseNatalie Bakopoulos's first novel, "The Green Shore," will be published by Simon & Schuster in June 2012. Her work has appeared in Tin House, Ninth Letter, Granta Online, and The O. Henry Prize Stories 2010, and she is a contributing editor for the online journal Fiction Writers Review. More Natalie Bakopoulos.
Almost by Chris Pavone
She never thought of herself as ambitious, until motherhood and career collided in one horrifying hospital ride
(Credit: iStockphoto/caracterdesign) It’s just before dawn when Isabel puts the final page down on the fat stack of paper that sits on the rumpled bedspread, next to an overflowing crystal ashtray and a crumpled soft-pack of cigarettes. She’d tried Wellbutrin and Xanax; she’d used patches and gum. In the end, the only thing that made her quit smoking was being pregnant.
But then, after everything, she couldn’t help but start up again. At first it was just a single cigarette per day, or two. Then it became a few, and within months she was back to full-throttle. Over the past couple of years, she’s tried to quit a few times, but not seriously. She anticipates — she accepts — failure. Because she doesn’t want to quit, not really. She wants instead to try, and fail.
Continue Reading CloseMemorial Day fiction: Are we there yet?
Salon exclusive: At the start of the summer fiction season, new stories from Chris Pavone and Natalie Bakopoulos
(Credit: iStockphoto/caracterdesign) “Are we there yet?”
It’s a dreaded sentence. When it’s spoken by an anxious child from the back seat, it’s enough to make stressed-out parents wish they’d never taken a family vacation in the first place. And even if it’s delivered as a sing-songy punch line, from an impatient partner or spouse on a long road trip, it’s an irritating eye-roller of a joke.
So this Memorial Day weekend — the unofficial start of the summer vacation season, and therefore the summer fiction season — we asked two novelists to reclaim the sentence in a new and adult context. For our latest fiction project, there was only one simple rule: Each story had to include the line “Are we there yet?” in a fresh and surprising way.
Continue Reading CloseDavid Daley is the senior culture editor of Salon. More David Daley.
“Frankenstein” remixed
This masterful new adaptation of Mary Shelley's classic novel may be the best interactive fiction yet
Whatever interactive fiction is (and we’re still figuring that out) it suffers from all the problems of traditional fiction and then some. The vast majority of novels and short stories aren’t much good, but when a branching fiction — along the lines of the old “Choose Your Own Adventure” children’s books — fails to engage, the first impulse is to blame the form rather than the content. Let “Frankenstein,” just released by Inkle Studios and Profile Books, serve as a reproach to that reflex. The app is a creative, subtle and sensitive adaptation of Mary Shelley’s classic novella, and it has singlehandedly renewed this critic’s hopes for interactive fiction.
Laura Miller is a senior writer for Salon. She is the author of "The Magician's Book: A Skeptic's Adventures in Narnia" and has a Web site, magiciansbook.com. More Laura Miller.
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