Robin Hood

Our man in tights

In "Robin Hood: A Mythic Biography," author Stephen Knight explains why the 700-year-old prince of thieves is still our hero.

Robin Hood and King Arthur, the two great parallel myths of British folklore, got their literary start about the same time. Arthur’s legend attracted the high-art crowd, while Robin’s story first came together in the form of 12th and 13th century ballads and folk plays. Whether the two men existed or not, their images are still very much with us. But of the two, Arthur, the founder of the state, looks to the past and is forever fixed in time, while Robin Hood, the outlaw and eternal “trickster,” is still evolving, having long ago transcended his national and historical origins. In the words of Stephen Knight, author of “Robin Hood: A Mythic Biography,” Robin has always been “what the teller and the audiences needed him to be at the time of the telling.”

The folks who wrote and listened to the early ballads of Bold Robin apparently wanted a yeoman (the precise meaning of the term has been much debated, but all are in agreement that it does not mean an earl or knight or any form of aristocrat), a Saxon outlaw with no particular grudge toward the ruling Normans (that would come later) who robbed the rich, kept the money, and all the while respected his king. William Langland, author of the gloomy 14th century moral tract “Piers Plowman,” didn’t approve of him or of people who wasted time reading tales about him: “I kan [know] noght parfitly my Paternoster … But I kan rymes of Robyn hood …” says a slothful priest in Langland’s satire who can’t memorize the Lord’s Prayer but who can quote verbatim from medieval England’s equivalent of X-Men comics.

According to Knight, a professor of English at Cardiff University, by 1600 there were at least 200 known references to Robin Hood, almost all stressing Robin’s boldness and resistance to authority but as yet lacking a Maid Marian or a Friar Tuck (though Little John is around, not always as a sidekick but sometimes as an equal). Once the basics of the story were established, Robin began to acquire new companions, got himself involved in contemporary controversies, and became a wonderfully serviceable symbol for whatever social or intellectual currents happened to be sweeping through England in a given century. (Given the right circumstances, Robin could be a perfectly suitable hero for either the left — in one story or ballad he is redistributing wealth by robbing the rich and giving to the poor — or for the right, rebelling against corrupt central authority and high taxes.)

Knight’s book isn’t an academic study of the origins of the Robin Hood legends such as the excellent “Robin Hood” by J.C. Holt, whose scholarship Knight is generally content to rely on. Knight more or less accepts the notion that there were several real historical personages whose misdeeds coalesced into the folk hero (or antihero, if you will) who would come to be known as Robin Hood. As Knight phrases it, “When the myth goes through periods of dynamic activity, it may indeed operate as a safety valve, as the reflex of genuine political resistance to oppression.”

It’s safe to say, however, that Knight’s interest is less in the historical origins of Robin Hood per se than in the mythic one that built to a point in the 18th century where “a myth had become biography.” Prior to then, few “serious” authors dealt with Robin, an exception being Ben Jonson (who unfortunately never completed his Robin Hood play, “The Sad Shepherd”). By the end of the Restoration, “Robin is beginning to mean something new: he is becoming consciously a figure of the past, whose value is in part that of a distant and possibly better period. The bold yeoman operated in an unspecified here and now; Earl Robert, while clearly set in the past, was, like Shakespeare’s historical figures, primarily a medium for contemporary concerns.”

And by the end of the 18th century, says Knight, “Robin Hood became a new man, and one who is still with us.” Unlike other medieval heroes “who did not struggle free of the setting amber of antiquity, Robin, as ever, escaped to illuminate another day, another part of the sociocultural forest, with his multiple contradictory and essentially volatile set of values.”

Thomas Love Peacock and the “massively influential” Sir Walter Scott (first in “Rob Roy,” in which he recast a real-life Scottish-rebel outlaw in the mold of Robin Hood, and then later, in “Ivanhoe”) helped propel Robin Hood all the way to Hollywood, where he lives to this day, both as serious and comic hero — though viewers who sat through both Kevin Costner’s “Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves” and Mel Brooks’ “Robin Hood: Men in Tights” might be hard put to decide which is the comic version. My own personal favorite is John Cleese’s stuffed-shirt Robin in “Time Bandits”: “Hello, I’m Hood.”

(How, by the way, did Robin Hood become associated with tights? They were “originally deployed so that nineteenth-century actresses playing Robin could show their legs.”)

Knight has added one important new link to the chain of fact and fiction that has come together under the name of Robin Hood, namely the uncanny resemblance between early Robin Hood stories and the true-life story of William Wallace. Mel Gibson’s “Braveheart” has reinforced the idea of Wallace as a modern-day Spartacus, but in fact, as English scholar Maurice Keen noted in his groundbreaking 1961 study “The Outlaws of Medieval Legend,” Wallace spent more time as a bow-and-arrow toting forest outlaw, hunting deer and robbing arrogant Englishmen, than he did leading armies in formal combat. Knight points out that the stories about how Wallace first became an outlaw are strikingly similar to the same stories told about Robin Hood a short time later.

Both, he concludes, “Are provoked to outlawry by legal violence, both command substantial numbers of well-disciplined men … In the transition from small-time yeoman defender of local rights to major threat to national law and order, Robin appears to be in part remodeled in the form of Wallace.”

Curiously, Knight fails to make one other obvious connection between the two. Knight credits Sir Walter Scott (in “Ivanhoe”) with giving us Robin Hood (or Robin of Locksley, as he is identified) as “social bandit” and ancestor of the self-conscious rebels of 19th century literature. Is it not only possible but likely that Scott modeled his Robin on one of his country’s two national heroes, William Wallace, and his noble Richard the Lionheart on Scotland’s other founding father, Robert the Bruce?

John Keats, Leigh Hunt, Peacock and Scott all “reconstructed both the mythic biography of Robin Hood and the outlaw tradition itself … The noble bandit now came to symbolize values central to the nineteenth and even twentieth centuries — especially ideals of national identity, masculine vigor, and natural value.” Knight writes, “To study Robin Hood is to study over 500 years of the development of modern concepts of heroism, art, politics, and the self … Robin Hood is always there.”

I can hardly wait for the next century and the updated version of “Robin Hood: A Mythic Biography.” Too bad it won’t arrive in time to inspire a remake of “Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves” starring Colin Farrell.

Allen Barra's next book is "Mickey and Willie -- The Parallel Lives of Baseball's Golden Age," from Crown.

“Robin Hood’s” smoldering adult romance

Forget all the violent action. The anchors to Ridley Scott's labored prequel are Russell Crowe and Cate Blanchett

Russell Crowe and Cate Blanchett in "Robin Hood"

Ridley Scott’s “Robin Hood,” which opened the Cannes Film Festival with a relatively low-wattage premiere on Wednesday night, has pretty much all the problems you’d expect from a big-budget Hollywood revision of material that’s been told and retold on screen 248 times. (That’s not an official count.) It’s a solid half an hour too long and is constructed around an endless series of incoherent action scenes in which sweaty, hairy men wearing Dark Ages costumes and layers of drainage-ditch mud hack each other apart. It’s got all the stylistic tics of Scott’s late-career films: Murky, misty, oddly lit group shots that move from the ground to shoulder level and then track from right to left; back-and-forth reversals of camera position that violate the traditional language of cinema for no particular reason.

It’s got a screenplay from Hollywood hackmeister Brian Helgeland that suffers from a near-terminal case of prequel-itis and is loaded with on-the-nose emotional beats and blasts of present-tense American ideology. Turns out Robin Hood wasn’t just some dude in Sherwood Forest who stole from the rich and gave to the poor. He also brokered the deal between England’s King John and the landed aristocracy that produced the Magna Carta, the foundational document for civil liberty in the English-speaking world! He was also George Washington’s great-great-great-great-grandfather, and sent the Gettysburg Address to Lincoln via a time-travel mind-meld!

OK, that last part isn’t really in the movie. But it sure felt that way. Helgeland probably put quotes from Thomas Paine and Patrick Henry into Robin’s climactic monologue before concluding, with great reluctance, that they just wouldn’t fly. Then there’s the question of the man uttering that monologue, sex-god bruiser Russell Crowe, who plays Robin with his customary blend of brooding, manly rectitude and ferocious hangover.

Crowe has never possessed much dramatic range, but he can be — and sometimes is here — a tremendously charismatic screen presence who imparts an air of naturalness even to stupid roles in stupid movies. There’s something off about this performance, though. It’s got a calculated movie-star-ness about it, as if Scott had assured him that every character issue and every plot point could be resolved by striking a gloomy non-expression at the perfect angle and holding it for five seconds. Hey, don’t worry about any of that acting-school bullshit, Rusty. They loved you in “Gladiator”! (Which is, at the risk of being obvious, the career-topping, Oscar-sweeping formula Scott and Crowe long to recapture here.)

What I’m working my way around to saying (talk about damning with faint praise!) is that despite its abundant flaws and historical howlers and generally dimwitted tone, “Robin Hood” is a surprisingly enjoyable work of popcorn cinema, if you’re willing to take it on its own terms. As ever, Scott hires the best production-design teams in the business, and his muddy vision of late medieval Britain — where even London is little more than a collection of wood-and-wattle huts built around the royal castle — is richly detailed and totally convincing. Much more important, this is a knockout love story built around two adult characters who’ve learned some of life’s toughest lessons and faced real responsibilities.

I don’t know how much money Cate Blanchett got paid to play Marian Loxley, the aristocratic widow who will become — in the story’s future tense — Robin’s Maid Marian. It was probably more than you and I combined will make in 10 years, but in terms of redeeming this film as a viewing experience, it might not have been enough. For my money, Blanchett’s beauty only grows more luminiscent as she gets older (she celebrates her 41st birthday this week, if you haven’t sent a gift), and in this role as a rural woman forced to run her absent husband’s estate she commands the screen with supernal grace and a fiery sense of purpose.

Moreover, when paired with Blanchett, Crowe’s gloomy demeanor and noncommittal expression — he looks like a man unsure whether what he just ate was chocolate or cat shit — seems directed at a worthy object. In this before-the-man-became-a-legend prequel, Crowe’s Robin Longstride is an archer who skips out on the army of King Richard the Lionheart (Danny Huston) as it pillages its way homeward from the Crusades, perhaps because he’s developed a conscience about all that wanton killing of Muslims. (Ascribing a 21st-century sense of morality and cultural sophistication — not to mention literacy — to the uneducated son of a 13th-century stonemason is nice and all. But, you know, not that plausible.)

After Robin and his band of fellow deserters fight their way through a series of narrow escapes and schmooze their way across the English Channel wearing knightly get-ups they stole off dead guys, he fulfills a battlefield promise to return one dead knight’s sword to his family. The sword has some weird stuff written on the hilt, which makes Robin have these acid-flashback childhood memories. (I believe it’s the Middle English equivalent of “Luke, I am your father!”) The family turns out to be the Loxleys of Nottingham, and Robin finds Marian and her aged father-in-law (Max von Sydow, in another enjoyable crusty old guy role) barely clinging to their estate against bandits, rapacious tax collectors, and the buffoonish Sheriff of Nottingham (Matthew Macfadyen, and they’re really going to have to make him more imposing if they want to make a credible sequel).

If you think that sounds complicated, we haven’t even gotten into all the political back-stabbing, some of it ripped from the pages of history and some of it total bullshit: Vain and cruel pretty boy King John (Oscar Isaac) accedes to the throne after Richard’s death, only to become the object of universal hatred and sinister French plots. This story’s central bad guy is bald-headed, black-clad Godfrey (Mark Strong), an Anglo-French double agent with the scar, sneer and rapacious appetites to match — along with an ability to be in all places at all times that suggests a DC Comics supervillain. (One could point out along the way that this movie presumes a conception of nations and nationality that simply didn’t exist at the time, and that Richard the Lionheart was himself French. But why be pedantic?)

When Robin agrees to pose as Marian’s missing husband in order to restore stability to Nottingham — well, we know what’s coming. At first she makes him park his manly hunk of flesh on the hearth to sleep with the dogs. Arf, arf! Owoo! But let’s just say that this lady’s been on her own for a while, if you catch my drift, and just to get the grime of 10 years of Crusadin’ off Robin, she’s got to help him wrestle all that chain mail off his impressive torso.

Seriously, though, the sexual chemistry between Crowe and Blanchett is fully convincing, and acts as an electrical field that energizes the mediocre movie around it. New romance after age 35 always carries an element of relief and reprieve, and this hard-luck couple find each other in the Middle Ages, when to be not yet dead of dysentery or gangrenous infection at that age required a minor miracle. When they look at each other with evident hunger, you can feel their shared wonder: Can it really be true that, in the middle of this miserable existence, God has granted me this? Solely because of its triumphant central coupling, this labored prequel — which doesn’t get Robin Hood and his Merrie Men into the forest until the very end — may form the basis for a viable franchise.

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Cannes this film festival be saved?

Oliver Stone, Sean Penn and Godard are all here. But wait -- what happened to all the shameless whoring?

Top left, clockwise: Stills from "Fair Game," "Biutiful," "Tender Son: The Frankenstein Project," "Copie Conforme"

PARIS — It’s already become a cliché to complain that the 63rd edition of the Cannes Film Festival lacks glitz and glamour. Hell, the 80-year-old lady who lives next door to you has probably been complaining about it. (She’s younger than at least two of the directors in this festival.) I especially appreciated spending a long layover in Charles de Gaulle Airport reading old pro Joan Dupont’s take in the International Herald Tribune. (Presumably it also appeared in the New York Times.) A veteran of many decades at this festival, Dupont basically says the whole thing’s been going downhill since at least 1980 — and that even then, old-timers claimed the fun had all been ruined.

Still, there’s something different about this year. When I read the other day that Cannes was adding “Route Irish,” the new film from 2006 Palme d’Or winner Ken Loach, as a last-minute competition entry, I was momentarily confused: But they’ve already got a Ken Loach film.

In fact, no, they didn’t. What Cannes programmer Thierry Frémaux already had was a Mike Leigh film, and while they may both be aging, left-wing Brits with social-realist tendencies and monosyllabic names, they are not the same person. (Spare those e-mailin’ fingers: Accents aside, their movies aren’t all that similar either.)

My confusion, however, does point to a problem with the 2010 Festival de Cannes lineup: A whole lot of Loach and Leigh and other films and filmmakers at about that respectable but unglamorous level. I’ve spent a lot of time parsing the Cannes roster, and have concluded that, film-buff-wise, it offers the possibility of being absolutely great, in an earnest, artistic, quietly ambitious kind of way. But the Palais des Festivals, that splorgulous concrete ’80s monstrosity on the Mediterranean beachfront, was not built on earnest aesthetic ambition.

It was built on the discordant, schizophrenic marriage between art and commerce — between European pretension and Hollywood shamelessness — that has made Cannes a headline-grabbing event around the world, for ordinary moviegoers as much as for cinephiles. And this year’s edition, arriving precisely as the worst economic crisis in the brief history of the European Union hits bottom, suggests that model is itself in crisis.

I’ll be in Cannes Wednesday night for the world premiere of Ridley Scott’s splashy, ultraviolent men-without-tights update of “Robin Hood,” starring Russell Crowe as the heroic bandit of Sherwood Forest and Cate Blanchett as his Maid Marian. Friday offers the premiere of Oliver Stone’s long-awaited “Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps,” with Michael Douglas reprising his generation-defining role as greed guru Gordon Gekko, and supported by Shia LaBeouf, Josh Brolin and Carey Mulligan.

But after we see those two films — and maybe Doug Liman’s “Fair Game,” with Sean Penn and Naomi Watts (about which more below) — many of the paparazzi and gossip columnists will depart the Cote d’Azur for sunnier, or at least more celebrity-kissed, climes. It may be an enriching week after that, and I’m exactly the sort of person who’s supposed to welcome that. Mais je dis non! Bring on the salon-bronzed legs, the camera-hogs in form-fitting tuxedos, the supposedly famous Ibiza club DJs. Is it too late for Frémaux to get “Sex and the City 2″?

That was never in serious consideration (sadly) but lots of other movies were. Terrence Malick’s “The Tree of Life,” starring Penn and Brad Pitt, isn’t finished, and the selectors simply passed on such varied big-name delights as Sylvester Stallone’s action-dude roundup “The Expendables” and Julian Schnabel’s Middle Eastern-themed “Mirai.” That leaves us with an interesting but relatively low-wattage lineup full of world-cinema veterans and relative unknowns, with a special focus on Asia. The age range alone is extraordinary: Canada’s Xavier Dolan is barely into his 20s, while Portuguese-French legend Manoel de Oliveira is now 101. Compared to him, 74-year-old Woody Allen and 79-year-old Jean-Luc Godard are in early-mid career. (I don’t really talk about Godard’s new film below. It’s called “Socialism,” which is all you need to know to estimate its potential audience. I’ll save other commentary for when I’ve actually seen it.)

Here’s my traditional (and largely arbitrary) breakdown of Cannes films, starting with the biggest events and moving toward the obscurities.

The Sound and the Fury

After the red-carpet gala for “Robin Hood,” which will proceed with Crowe and Blanchett but without director Ridley Scott (who is laid up at home with an injury), the profound Cannes hunger for paparazzi-worthy glamour spectacles will devolve almost entirely onto “Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps,” without question this festival’s biggest event. (As I write this I haven’t seen “Robin Hood” yet, but the opening-night film at Cannes is mocked by the cognoscenti no matter what it is.) “Wall Street” won’t open Stateside until fall, and possibly isn’t in final form, so this should be exciting. 

You can also bet that “Fair Game,” Doug Liman’s drama about the Bush administration scandal surrounding CIA couple Valerie Plame (played by Naomi Watts) and Joseph Wilson (Sean Penn), will attract considerable attention. Penn may be a bigger star in France than he is at home, but the specifics of the story will be largely inscrutable to Europeans (except for the fact that GWB plays the bad guy). “Fair Game” splits the difference between this starfucking category and the next, more ahh-tistic one, as does Woody Allen’s “You Will Meet a Tall Dark Stranger,” another of the Woodman’s late-career globetrotting divertissements. Brolin and Watts — is this their year or what? — which is a great start. I know nothing else about it, except that Allen would clearly love to replicate the 2008 Cannes success of “Vicky Cristina Barcelona,” which became a worldwide hit.

The Devil’s Candy

I use this term to describe the often unattainable marriage of art and commerce, found in films that win awards, cause critical swooning and, somewhere along the way, attract a paying audience too. These are precisely the movies Cannes was built to enable; think “Inglourious Basterds” and “No Country for Old Men,” “The Diving Bell and the Butterfly” and “Pan’s Labyrinth.”

Once you get past the above-mentioned Doug Liman and Woody Allen movies, contenders for Satan’s sweetmeats are thin on the ground in Cannes this year, which is precisely what makes this festival feel buzz-deficient. Arguably, one of 2010′s most anticipated premieres is for a documentary, “Inside Job,” in which policy insider turned filmmaker Charles Ferguson tries to attack the global financial crisis with the same muckraking zeal he applied to the Iraq war in his devastating “No End in Sight.”

We’ve already discussed Mike Leigh, who returns to the Croisette with “Another Year,” another of his semi-improvised social-realist comedies — but despite glowing reviews for his last film, “Happy-Go-Lucky,” Leigh no longer has a high international profile. You could say the same about French director Bertrand Tavernier, a respected veteran of global cinema going the costume-drama route with “The Princess of Montpensier.” (I don’t think Tavernier has had a film released in the United States since 1999, and he’s best known for “Round Midnight” in 1986.) Three years after “Babel,” his overstuffed, star-studded ensemble drama, Mexico’s Alejandro González Iñárritu gets back to basics with “Biutiful,” a Spanish-language thriller starring Javier Bardem. There’s one I’m definitely curious about.

“Diving Bell” star Mathieu Amalric makes his feature directing debut with “On Tour,” in which he also stars as a Parisian professional burnout who starts over as an American burlesque entrepreneur. Advance word is strong, and at some point Amalric’s got English-language stardom in his future. But is the retro-burlesque craze a big enough trend to support a movie?

In an extremely light year for American films, there’s one indie at Cannes with the potential for some degree of breakout success — but it’s a tough sell, at least in theory. Ryan Gosling and Michelle Williams play a working-class couple whose marriage hits the rocks in “Blue Valentine,” a spectacular narrative-feature debut from director Derek Cianfrance that explores a level of American life hardly ever seen in the movies. Lusciously photographed, with riveting star performances, it’s the only dramatic film to premiere at Sundance this year and move on to Cannes. If and when you finally get to see it, you’ll understand why.

High Art With Low Expectations

This category captures that large subset of festival films made by directors with impeccable artistic credentials, films that are likely to set a tiny coterie of journalists, bloggers, festival programmers and cinephiles abuzz while receiving virtually no attention from the rest of the world. Should those of us who are excited about seeing the new Pablo Trapero and Hong Sang-soo movies even care about the rest of the world? That’s a much bigger question than I can handle in my jetlagged condition. Let’s just say it does no good to climb atop a soapbox and preach at people about movies they A) almost certainly can’t find, and B) very likely would not enjoy.

Having thus admonished myself, I’ll keep the sermon short. Iranian master Abbas Kiarostami is at Cannes with his first “global” film (i.e.., since leaving the land of the mullahs), “Certified Copy,” with French superstar Juliette Binoche. Arab-French director Rachid Bouchareb’s “Outside the Law,” a drama set against the Algerian war for independence, is a very big deal in France. Argentina’s Trapero, who’s been here before with a wry family comedy (“Rolling Family”) and a wrenching prison drama (“Lion’s Den”), seems to have become a regular. Beloved French filmmaker Olivier Assayas (“Summer Hours,” “Irma Vep”) offers an only-in-Cannes experience, perhaps literally: A five-and-a-half-hour film about ’70s terrorist Carlos the Jackal. I do want to see it, kind of. (OK, it’s actually a TV series crammed into a single afternoon.)

A pair of critic’s-darling directors, Romania’s Cristi Puiu (“The Death of Mr. Lazarescu”) and China’s Jia Zhangke (“Still Life,” “The World”) return with eagerly awaited new dramas. I personally found Quebecois wunderkind Xavier Dolan’s “I Killed My Mother” (made when he was not yet 20) insufferable, but his admirers will no doubt queue up enthusiastically for “Heartbeats.”

Cannes programmers have been slow to recognize the new wave of art-house cinema from Asia, but this year it sounds as if they’ve finally listened to the annual chorus of complaints. In fact this is a tremendous year for Asian films on the Croisette, almost certainly the best ever. Along with new work from Jia and aforementioned Korean slacker-cinema titan Hong Sang-soo, there’s “Outrage,” a violent new yakuza drama from Japanese actor-artist-director and all-around Renaissance man Takeshi Kitano. Korea’s Lee Chang-dong, who had a smash here three years ago with the female-centric drama “Secret Sunshine,” is back with “Poetry,” and I hear strong advance word on a film called “Chongqing Blues,” from Chinese director Wang Xiaoshuai.

All that is trumped, for devotees of drifty, dreamy Asian weirdness, by the new film from Thailand’s Apichatpong Weerasethakul (“Syndromes and a Century”). As if his name weren’t enough — Weerasethakul has occasionally invited Western journalists to address him as “Joe,” in recognition of our total tongue-tied defeat — it’s called “Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives.” I really don’t expect anybody to care, but I can’t wait.

Into the Unknown

Not obscure enough for you? We’re not done! Here’s where I embarrass myself by pimping out a few movies based on nothing, or almost nothing: some rumors, a half-translated review, reports from a friend of a friend of a friend. But this is what film festivals are all about, really — getting a totally unexpected look into a world you know nothing about. Two years ago, I wandered into a screening of the Chilean film “Tony Manero” mostly because Jim Jarmusch was receiving an award before it started. I hadn’t heard of the movie or its young director, Pablo Larraín. Yet that utterly demented disco-era serial-killer psychodrama remains one of the most intense moviegoing experiences I’ve ever had.

There’s bound to be something like that lurking amid the catfish at the bottom of this year’s Cannes pond as well — maybe the pseudo-documentary “My Joy” by Russian collage-artist Sergei Loznitsa, or ultra-indie New York filmmaker Lodge Kerrigan’s new “Rebecca H. (Return to the Dogs).” Moving in totally different directions, here are two films I’ve promised myself to see: “Tender Son: The Frankenstein Project,” by Hungarian director Kornél Mundruczó, who people keep telling me is indescribably weird and original, and the latest in a recent wave of German-language neo-noir thrillers, Christoph Hochhäusler’s “The City Below.” Mind you, if I break that promise to myself, it’s not like anybody’s really going to notice.

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Cannes opens with Crowe’s beefy “Robin Hood”

Crowe's film and other big-name productions will be shown out of competition

The Cannes Film Festival gets off to a strapping start on Wednesday with Russell Crowe’s “Robin Hood,” though the lineup is leaner than usual, with fewer household names among the actors and directors at the world’s most prestigious cinema showcase.

Key names are among the 19 films competing for the Palme d’Or, the festival’s coveted top prize, including new movies by “Amores Perros” director Alejandro Gonzalez Inarritu, Cannes best film laureates Ken Loach and Abbas Kiarostami, as well as Japan’s Takeshi Kitano.

Ahead of the premiere of “Robin Hood,” fans were staking out a spot near the festival headquarters in hope of catching a glimpse of Crowe and co-star Cate Blanchett as they walk the newly laid red carpet later Wednesday.

The media blitz around Ridley Scott’s adaptation comes at a convenient time for the action-packed film, which will go head-to-head with the reigning blockbuster “Iron Man 2″ when it opens in parts of Europe and the U.S. this week.

Like “Robin Hood,” many of the other big-name movies in this, the 63rd edition of the prestigious festival are to be shown out of competition.

A-list movies not in contention for awards include Michael Douglas and Oliver Stone’s “Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps” — the followup to their 1987 hit “Wall Street” — and Woody Allen’s ensemble romance, “You Will Meet a Tall Dark Stranger,” starring Naomi Watts, Antonio Banderas, Anthony Hopkins and Freida Pinto.

Only one U.S. film will be in the running for Cannes’ top prize: director Doug Liman’s “Fair Game,” starring Watts as CIA covert operative Valerie Plame, whose identity was leaked by officials in the Bush administration. In years past, there were as many as five American films in competition at Cannes.

U.S. director Tim Burton heads the jury, which also includes British actress Kate Beckinsale, Puerto Rico’s Benicio del Toro and Indian director Shekhar Kapur, who made “Elizabeth.”

Early contenders for the Palme d’Or include “Biutiful,” by Mexican critical darling Gonzalez Inarritu. Set in Barcelona, “Biutiful” stars Spanish hunk Javier Bardem as a father struggling to protect his children.

With “Certified Copy,” top Iranian director Kiarostami leaves his native country, serving up an Italian-set romance starring Juliette Binoche.

British directors Mike Leigh and Ken Loach, both Cannes laureates, are in the running for a second Palme d’Or — Leigh with his relationship drama “Another Year,” and Loach with “Route Irish,” which is set in Iraq.

This year’s selection also includes a strong Asian contingent, with two films from both South Korean and China, as well as one entry each from Japan and Thailand.

The Cannes film festival runs through May 23.

——

On the Net:

http://www.festival-cannes.fr/en.html

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How Robin Hood became a socialist

Ridley Scott's grim action film is the latest in an evolution that includes Errol Flynn and blacklisted writers

Errol Flynn in "The Adventures of Robin Hood"

Ridley Scott’s “Robin Hood,” starring Russell Crowe as a common archer turned proto-revolutionary and national warrior, will bring no merriness to the month of May. Given Crowe’s surly persona, the film affords no capering in the greenwood in the manner of Douglas Fairbanks, no cocky Saxon tricksterism in the vein of Errol Flynn, and mercifully no SoCal modernity in the style of Kevin Costner. In their desire to break with the traditional aura of the English outlaw, Scott, Crowe and writer Brian Helgeland have created a moody war movie redolent of their 2000 Oscar success “Gladiator,” that offers a lesson in medieval realpolitik.

The majority of “Robin Hood” movies are much softer than Scott’s because violent realism wasn’t an existing style at the time they were made. The likes of “Prince of Thieves” (1948), “The Men of Sherwood Forest” (1954), and “Sword of Sherwood Forest” (1960) were hidebound by the merry England clichés that were the rule of thumb in Hollywood and British cinema until Richard Lester’s beautifully spare and rugged “Robin and Marian” (1976), with Sean Connery, subverted the storybook visual style.

In all, Robin Hood has featured in around 50 live-action films, 15 TV series and 15 cartoons. Five were made in the early silent period before Allan Dwan’s 1922 Douglas Fairbanks vehicle set a benchmark for flamboyance. It’s a wildly uneven film, ranging from the monotonously ceremonial to the absurd, with the acrobatic star proving giddy to the point of clownish. Inarguably the one masterpiece in the canon, Michael Curtiz’s swashbuckler “The Adventures of Robin Hood” (1938) starring Errol Flynn implied a comparison between Prince John’s cruelty toward the Saxon peasants with Nazi atrocities in Europe. However, with its chemically bright Technicolor palette, majestic Erich Korngold score and Flynn’s gentrified Robin in sequined Lincoln green, it is wholly artificial, a fantasy extrapolated less from the 15th-century ballads, in which Robin is often brutal, than from 16th-century plays and bucolic Victorian renderings.

Though not without flashes of excitement or, more rarely, political insight, the Robin Hood movies that followed in the next 20 years were stylistically unambitious. But then came clean-cut Richard Greene in TV’s “The Adventures of Robin Hood” (1955-58). This remarkable show, which ran for 143 episodes, was produced by a British-based company funded by the CPUSA to provide clandestine work for blacklisted Hollywood screenwriters. Among the 22 who contributed were Ring Lardner Jr., Ian McLellan Hunter, Robert Lees and Waldo Salt, who, working for producer Hannah Weinstein, a “silent” left-wing organizer, sent their scripts pseudonymously from America. The socialistic stories, often based on historical laws and customs, revolved around Robin’s efforts to protect the heavily taxed serfs and teach the well-born lessons in humanism.

Not only did the series suggest support for the British welfare state, it created offshore opportunities for its American writers. As Tom Dewe Mathews noted in the Guardian: “Lardner explained that a TV show about an outlaw who takes from the rich to give to the poor provided him ‘with plenty of opportunities to comment on issues and institutions in Eisenhower-era America.’” Mathews cites blacklist scholar Steve Neale’s discovery that “within the scripts’ emphasis on redistribution of wealth there is ‘a theme that recurs in the first two series: the probability that Robin Hood or one of the outlaws will be betrayed,’” like the writers themselves.

The Greene series raises the question of what constitutes realism in the Robin Hood firmament. Atmospheric external filmed sequences were intercut with those taped on cramped studio sets, giving an impression of simultaneous verisimilitude and artifice. While it wasn’t realistic in the mode of “Robin and Marian” or John Irvin’s ribald, pleasingly grimy “Robin Hood” (1991) — with its caves, huge black pigs, and omnipresent mud — in the ’50s it managed the trick of making the myth itself seem credible, and it was enormously popular. So, too, 30 years on, was Richard Carpenter’s haunting “Robin of Sherwood” (1984-86), which, contriving to be lush and gritty, blended the doleful hero’s scrappy war of resistance with medieval folklore and necromancy — far more convincingly than would Costner’s “Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves” (1991). Michael Praed and Judi Trott, his red-ringleted Marion, were an idyllically beautiful pair that could have stepped from a Burne-Jones canvas while Praed has been invoked as a “student radical” Robin. But the show had its own solemn integrity — unlike the BBC’s laddish soap-opera version of 2006-09. 

One film that went all out for realism and duly disappeared was Johnny Hough’s grim and humorless “Wolfshead: The Legend of Robin Hood,” which was shot as a never screened 1969 TV pilot and released theatrically in 1973 (and on VHS in the U.S. as “The Legend of Young Robin Hood”). Influenced by “A Gest of Robyn Hode” c.1400-1460, it’s set in a bleak Barnsdale terrain and pits yeoman farmer Robin (David Warbeck) against a corrupt landowner and an abbot in a low-level guerrilla war. Jeffrey Richards observed that it was “clearly concerned to be grimly realistic: no fancy hairdos or dinky Lincoln green suits, no scriptwriters’ repartee and gaudy, multicolored costumes, no eternally sunny skies and purpose built Hollywood castles. Instead there is Welsh location shooting (damp woods, overcast skies, dark brown soil, mist), genuine weathered castles, dull-colored authentic-looking costumes, and a narrative which includes rape and torture.” This sounds like Robin Hood as Ken Loach might have filmed it, except that Loach would have added humor and, in relishing the “rob from the rich” ethos, applied a Marxist critique.

A more likely candidate to make a genuinely revisionist version is another British filmmaker, Shane Meadows, himself from Robin Hood country, who once expressed interest in doing so. However, as Stephen Knight has written, “there is, at least in this myth … a limit to how much detailed realism the story can accommodate … The audience knows about cold weather and defeat; the function of the myth is to offer an immediate sense of escape and also a more distant promise of Utopia.” Ridley Scott’s quasi-realist film may find Utopianism beyond the reach of its bowstring, though, to risk cynicism, one suspects its streamlined violence will hit the bull’s-eye again and again.

Graham Fuller has written about movies for the New York Times, Vanity Fair, Film Comment, Sight & Sound, and theartsdesk.com. His website is at inalonelyplace.com.

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Test your cinema-snob IQ!

Rank yourself, on the scale from Sly Stallone to Vikramaditya Motwane, in our 2010 Cannes-centric quiz

Film stills of Russell Crowe in "Robin Hood" and Yoon Hee-Jeong in "Poetry"

Good morning and good evening, class. We’ve got a pop quiz for you today, on the topic of Auteurs and Artistes of the 2010 Cannes Film Festival. If you’re a filmmaker, a film critic or a film-industry professional of any kind, you might want to recuse yourself — except no, on second thought, don’t. You are, after all, a human being even if you work in the movie biz, and here at Film Salon we truly value your input!

OK, here goes. What follows is a list of directors whose new films will be screened in the official selection of this year’s Cannes Film Festival (which was recently announced).

Here’s how it works: Give yourself one point if you’ve heard of the director, two points if you can correctly name a film he or she has directed (I had to dig deep to find a woman for this list, let us note in passing) and three points if you’ve actually seen one of his or her films. In fact, let’s add a bonus category: Five points if you’ve watched more than one of the director’s films all the way through, projected on a big screen. (Just for fun, give yourself an extra point if you know who the oldest and youngest filmmakers on the list are. If you’re already that kind of person, it’ll be easy-peasey.)

Just to keep things consistent, no compound scoring: For example, if you’ve seen a film by Christoph Hochhäusler, I’m very impressed — but you only get three points for that, not an extra two for knowing the film’s name and then another point for also having heard of him. Stay away from Google and IMDB until you’re finished, please; our secret reverse-Webcam Film Salon Magic Mirror can see you if you’re cheating!

Xavier Beauvois

Xavier Dolan

Rachid Bouchareb

Hong Sang-soo

Lee Chang-dong

Sergei Loznitsa

Ivan Fund

Manoel de Oliveira

Otar Iosseliani

Ágnes Kocsis

Ridley Scott

Oliver Stone

Derek Cianfrance

Apichatpong Weerasethakul

Abbas Kiarostami

Wait, I didn’t actually put Christoph Hochhäusler on the list, did I? Darn it. (Any excuse for getting to type that name again.) I think I’m assuming a global zero for that guy — I may or may not change my personal score by watching his film “Unter dir die Stadt” on the Croisette next month.

By the way, I’ll share my score — eventually — if you’ll tell me yours. First, let’s discuss.

Yes, there are a couple of ringers on the list, designed to ensure that none of you comes up absolutely empty, but in fact they’re sort of the point. As indieWIRE editor Eugene Hernandez wrote in a recent post, the world’s biggest and glitziest film fest serves two distinct castes of movie buffs and two non-overlapping media audiences. “I don’t know any of the people in competition,” one non-industry friend of Hernandez’s told him. On the other hand, indieWIRE’s readers, who tend to be industry insiders or hardcore cinephiles, have voted Thai director Apichatpong Weerasethakul’s new film (whose delightful if provisional English translation is “Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives”) as the Cannes film they’re anticipating most eagerly.

I’m sure that one’s on the top of your list for this year. Along with the new film from Jean-Luc Godard, 80ish legend of the French New Wave, also eagerly awaited by the cognoscenti. It’s called “Film socialisme.” No, seriously, it is.

As Hernandez puts it, this year’s Cannes lineup reinforces “an almost blue state v. red state divide that separates more mainstream moviegoers from fans of contemporary international cinema.” Cannes programmer Thierry Frémaux is practicing a weird double game that verges on false advertising. He’s grabbing global headlines with the opening-night premiere of Ridley Scott’s “Robin Hood,” with Russell Crowe in the title role (described by Hernandez as “an uninteresting Hollywood studio reboot”) and then loading up the festival with Iosselianis, Loznitsas and Lee Chang-dongs — films and directors that the vast majority of moviegoers around the world (not merely in the United States) have never heard of and will never see.

Admittedly, I don’t know anyone who’s super-excited about the Scott-Crowe “Robin Hood.” I kind of wonder whether anyone is. (Oliver Stone’s “Wall Street 2,” let me say, is quite another matter.) And there’s nothing new about the Cannes combination of mass-market Hollywood whoring and art-house esoterica so nichey it makes your gums bleed from the love of pure cinema. I’ll be back on the Côte d’Azur this year, bringing you all the news on men in tights, Gordon Gekko’s big comeback and directors whose first name is Xavier. It’ll be fun. But, honestly, will you pay more attention to Ágnes Kocsis’ and Ivan Fund’s films because they share a venue with Oliver Stone, Ridley Scott and (rumored as a possible late addition) Sylvester Stallone? Is that a sustainable ecosystem?

The judging system will take some refinement, but here’s a first stab. If your score was below six points, then you opened this story by accident. We’re a bunch of weirdos in here, aren’t we? If you wound up between, say, 8 and about 20, you’re a normal, healthy person with reasonable cultural appetites. On the other hand, if you scored anywhere north of 50, or even 40, you’ve got to ask yourself some serious questions about the way you’ve spent your life. That said, I may well know you already. Buy me a drink at Robinson’s after the screening of the Sergei Loznitsa film, and all is forgiven.

Hand in your work, please. Class is dismissed.

 

 

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