danah boyd

And not just for the traditional media. The blogosphere is also happily commenting on its own presence, significance and role. Blogging is a relatively young phenomenon, and its growing pains and identity search are ever transparent. The tendency of bloggers to talk about blogging is often criticized, yet this practice of self-reflection is precisely what makes blogging a valuable contribution to public discourse. Bloggers are highly critical, questioning creatures. Whatever their subject, they document their observations and examine them inquisitively.

In Boston, the subject is the convention — the event, not necessarily the content. Bloggers are documenting the step-by-step procedures of being at the convention, the backstage scene, the ways in which journalists are trying to teach them to behave like journalists, and generally, the blogger’s role at the convention.

At the convention, the bloggers are piquing everyone’s curiosity because, unlike the thousands of journalists who have also descended on the Fleet Center, they aren’t entrenched in the culture they are observing. Thus they see, and allow us to see, the convention from a new perspective.

As a practice, journalism espouses an air of objectivity, purporting to cover all sides of a debate, equally and with emotional distance. While few believe that journalists are unbiased, it is considered a respectable aim of the profession and readers expect them to be as objective as possible. Bloggers, on the other hand, have no such cultural code and their readers rarely hold them accountable for objectivity. In fact, what makes blogging confusing for many is that the practices encompassed by that term are quite diverse.

There appear to be four primary conceptual paradigms that frame blogging: 1) journalism; 2) diarying or journaling; 3) note passing; 4) fieldbook note taking. Everyone is trying to make sense of blogging by stuffing it into one of these paradigms, but in fact, it is a new practice that transcends all four while drawing on aspects from all of them. The first two paradigms are the most common: The press is constantly comparing blogging to diary writing. The comparison is problematic because it suggests that blogging can be evaluated on those terms. In order to signify the difference between blogging and “real journalism,” it is not that surprising that the New York Times drudges up connotations of 13-year-old girls writing about their lives. It helps to belittle the role of convention bloggers who have been given the same press credentials as reporters.

Properly evaluating the role of bloggers at the convention requires escaping the most obvious framing paradigms. One significant value of convention blogging stems from the self-reflection rooted in the culture. When I open the New York Times, I expect to read articles that capture the key facts and information about a situation. I expect that everything known will be conveyed and that nothing will be hidden for political purposes. I am often disappointed in this expectation. When I read blogs, I don’t have these expectations. Instead, I expect to find the nuances, the backstories, the opinions, all framed in a self-critical, culturally critical individual voice. In other words, I expect to read a different perspective, one fully grounded in the biases of the writer.

Perspective is important because it challenges objectivity; it provides the context in which you can read the purportedly objective accounts of an event. There is no single blog that I read to gain an alternative perspective to that of the mainstream media. Instead, I check in with Technorati’s politics feed and leave the Blogger convention feed running next to me. Through these, I can monitor the blogospheric buzz, the collective reflections of the crowd. These are not substitutes for my daily dose of the Times; they are simply tools that offer another perspective — that of anyone who wants to share.

Blogging will not replace traditional journalism, but it presents a threat to the normative press culture and an opportunity for radical reporting. Bloggers do place the issue of professionalism under attack, not by being unprofessional, but by exposing the ways in which the media operates. As blogging reaches the masses, people are introduced to information that was not reported because it did not suit the party line. Bloggers will happily document the power games that they witness in the press room and will expose future Jayson Blairs. Bloggers also capture information that the mainstream press does not yet realize is valuable, which means that ambitious and digitally minded journalists are constantly scanning the blogs for information. More and more, journalists are thanking bloggers for new slants. The competition between journalists and bloggers for readers’ attention results in more diverse and compelling coverage.

Bloggers at the Democratic National Convention signify a shift in media, but not a replacement for mainstream coverage. Their role will be to fill in the gaps, expose the underlying magic, and keep everyone on their toes. What they are doing cannot be compared to journalism; it can only be described as blogging.

Right now, the communities grouped together by LiveJournal offer one of the most vibrant examples of online subcultural vitality. LiveJournal, according to its own current description, is a “personal publishing tool.” But it’s much more than that: To its users, LiveJournal is still a community where you can offer “an up-to-the-minute log of whatever you’re doing, when you’re doing it” and control who gets to see this.

For a service whose active users number in the millions, LiveJournal’s demographics skew athwart the mainstream: younger, more female and more resistant to the dominant culture. And in a business climate where the word “blog” is on every other Web observer’s lips, even the tools used by the alienated have become desirable to investors. Thus the news, confirmed on Thursday, that the company had been purchased by the venture-capital-backed blogging technology start-up Six Apart. For those of us who care about keeping space open for anyone who veers from the straight and narrow, this business deal is cause for concern.

Over the years, a variety of digital tools have been used to support online subcultures — Usenet, Yahoogroups, EzBoard, specialized Web communities, etc. But right now, LiveJournal brings together a set of software applications that are nurturing one of the most robust and thriving arrays of subcultural communities anywhere online. The variety of communities supported is amazing and, to some people, disturbing or even terrifying, such as the communities of people engaged in self-mutilation or eating disorders. But this is all part of subcultural life — good and bad. And one of the things that makes LiveJournal special is that it is not just a set of software applications. There is also an extensive network of emotional support, both formally and informally.

The dominant culture has a habit of demonizing anything it doesn’t understand — particularly those subcultures that are formed by marginalized populations who are often resisting aspects of mainstream life. But these subcultures play a critical social role: They help restabilize individuals in a society trapped in perpetual anomie.

Anomie — a term popularized in sociology by Emile Durkheim — refers to the state of ultimate societal loss of moral direction and meaning. At its most extreme, cultural anomie results in cultural and individual suicide.

Society has already ostracized many marginalized individuals, placing them in a position of limbo, making them uncertain about how to find meaning and grounding. People who have participated in subcultural life were often alienated by mainstream society long before they found supportive communities. Subcultural participation becomes an act of self-empowerment whereby individuals find a community that loves them for who they are instead of trying to encourage them to be cookie-cutter members of society.

This is not to say that one should romanticize subcultures. Yet, for some, those who have been flung from the ropes of mainstream society, subcultures are a safety net.

Over the years, I have spoken with many individuals for whom LiveJournal has served as that safety net — people who did not have a community of like-minded souls in their everyday life but found direction online. This is not to say that the larger blogosphere does not offer this kind of support for some. It truly does. Yet, consistently, LiveJournal supports some of the most at-risk individuals, the most explicit subcultures. The LJ community knows how to support these individuals, and I am in particular awe of LJ’s support/abuse team for doing what is needed when things get out of hand.

It is for this reason that my heart started beating rapidly when Six Apart decided to purchase LiveJournal. Although this sale may seem like the merger of two prominent blogging companies, it is not that simple. LiveJournal has a particular kind of culture that has formed very distinct from the broader “blogosphere.”

Six Apart consistently provides excellent tools for those who want to be bloggers, but they started by building tools, not by building community. Whether LiveJournal founder Brad Fitzpatrick intended to or not, he created a community that exists far beyond his tools.

Even though 2004 has been marked as the Year of the Blog, there is no universal blogging culture nor even a common definition of the term. There are many different cultures within the blogosphere and within LiveJournal — cultures with different needs, desires, intentions. Yet, at the broadest level, the culture of LiveJournal is distinct from the culture of the blogosphere, even if the actual practice is quite similar: to share that which is most meaningful to you with those who will be interested.

The distinction is often categorized by the terms “amateur journalism” as opposed to “public diarying” — an unfortunate dichotomy that is awkward and fails to represent most of what bloggers and LJers do. Yet in terms of identification, there is often a split. Most people who use LiveJournal talk about their “LJ,” not their “blog.”

There is no doubt that Six Apart recognizes and values LiveJournal and the community that is embedded in it. At BlogTalk in Vienna, Austria, Mena Trott (the president of Six Apart) began her speech by stating that “I feel strongly — and have always — that personal weblogs are often marginalized because of their presumed triviality.” She chastised self-identified bloggers for dismissing practices that appeared different from their own. But Trott also recognized cultural differences, noting that her original conception of bloggers reflected those who valued punditry and sought very large audiences to challenge journalism and politics. But through her work on TypePad — a blogging service hosted by Six Apart — she realized that there was an extensive population of bloggers who did not have these goals in mind — they wanted to post only for their friends and family.

It is the intimacy of friends, family and people-like-me that LiveJournal has fostered. When Six Apart bought LiveJournal, it did not simply purchase a tool — it bought a culture. LJ challenges a lot of assumptions about blogging, and its users have different needs. They typically value communication and identity development over publishing and reaching mass audiences. The culture is a vast array of intimate groups, many of whom want that intimacy preserved. LiveJournal is not a lowbrow version of blogging; it is a practice with different values and needs, focused far more on social solidarity, cultural work and support than the typical blog. It is heavily female, young and resistant. There is no doubt that Six Apart values this, and it should. But at the same time, the act of purchasing someone’s house does require responsibility if you want to do right by the tenants, even when those tenants look nothing like any other tenants you have ever seen.

The freaks, geeks and queers need LiveJournal now more than ever before — they need the safety net that will help them find grounding. My hope is that Six Apart will learn from LiveJournal and treat LJers with nonpatronizing respect. In essence, the company must first value the social contract and culture that are LiveJournal and then let LiveJournal teach it how to make those better.