Fiction
Modern Steinbecks emerge to chronicle tough times
A burgeoning literary movement is telling the story of the Great Recession through those hurting the most
Blank, open book on a wooden table. Bill Maher once suggested that while he didn’t advocate the use of heroin, it certainly didn’t hurt his record collection. The same sentiment applies to American literary fiction in tough economic times. While no one would ever wish for high unemployment or a schizophrenic stock market, it’s always brought out the best in our writers.
Since the beginning of this “Great Recession,” a scattered collection of fresh new voices have emerged — call them the socioeconomic realists. The most prominent might be Bonnie Jo Campbell, whose searing “American Salvage” was a finalist for the both the National Book Award and the National Book Critics Circle Award in 2009. Campbell’s first two books, while equally gritty as hell, never caught on; she didn’t change, the world did. (“American Salvage” was published by a university press; her latest novel, “Once Upon a River,” was published last month by W.W. Norton.)
Today is the publication date for Frank Bill’s “Crimes in Southern Indiana,” a frightening portrait of a long-ignored corner of the American Midwest. It has been called “a blistering, vivid and flat-out fearless debut,” and the quick, violent stories are loaded with meth labs and bitter brawls. Hell, a job in a meth lab is one of the better paying jobs in Bill’s world.
Couple those books with the work of Shann Ray (“American Masculine”), Philipp Meyer (“American Rust”) and Donald Ray Pollock (“The Devil All The Time”) and you see a new genre developing — work set not just in specific regions and parts of the country, but fiction about economic class, based in some of the hardest-hit states and counties in America, in the Southern and Midwest towns where hope is especially hard to find.
“There are plenty of folks here who tell me they’ve never seen any of the kind of people I write about, and all I can say is that they’re not looking,” says Campbell, whose work is set largely in devastated Michigan towns.
Pollock writes about neighboring Ohio, and his debut, “Knockemstiff,” relays the struggles and loneliness of working people as effortlessly as Sherwood Anderson’s “Winesburg, Ohio” (1919) or perhaps William Kennedy’s Pulitzer Prize-winning novel “Ironweed” (1983). Yes, there really is a place called Knockemstiff, Ohio, and Donald Ray Pollock’s own story is so brutally real that it seems near fiction itself.
Having worked as a driver in a paper mill for most of his adult life, Pollock enrolled in the creative writing program at Ohio State University at 50. He might have landed an interview with tastemaker extraordinare Terry Gross on NPR’s “Fresh Air,” but he knows who he is writing for — not the aesthetes, but his fellow mill workers. He says more writers now are “working with an awareness and understanding of the poor and dispossessed that we haven’t seen or been much interested in since the Great Depression of the last century.”
“You can’t have a small minority of wealthy lording it over a vast majority of poor without something very bad eventually happening.” says Pollock.
One might be hesitant to call these authors patriotic, but with titles like “American Salvage,” “American Rust” and “American Masculine,” it can’t simply be a case of irony working overtime.
Meyer’s “American Rust” dives deep into the Rust Belt realities of working-class Pennsylvania. Echoes of John Steinbeck’s resonate in his prose — Steinbeck’s Depression-era migrants might have led bleaker lives, but the confusion and the uncertainty amongst those who aspire merely to pay the bills and attain a middle-class life can be startlingly similar.
Ray’s “American Masculine,” meanwhile, takes the story West, into the desolate landscape of Montana. The men and women in his stories seem to the bastard children of Jim Harrison and Raymond Carver, fierce but plain-spoken and adrift, fighting to hold addictions, violence and sadness at bay. It’s a book which redefines the myth of the West — Manifest Destiny is a thing of the past, the West now is a trap.
These authors share a visible reverence for an America that no longer exists. In Pollock’s view, American is “a much scarier place to live than it was, say, 30 or 40 years ago.” But that nostalgia should not be confused with the same flag-waving mindlessness that led Ronald Reagan’s 1984 reelection campaign to use Bruce Springsteen’s “Born in the U.S.A.” without ever listening to the lyrics. The characters are rough, the portraits are unflattering, yet readers and critics are connecting with these books in a time when the initial urge might be to escape into some fantasyland of make-believe.
If and when the economy rebounds, will these writers remain critical darlings and culturally relevant? Paraphrasing William Faulkner, Bonnie Jo Campbell says that the only writing that matters is about the human heart in conflict with itself. “And there’s plenty of that around here,” she says.
50 shades of Shutterstock
Slide show: Everyone's favorite light-bondage bestseller illustrated by inexplicable stock photography SLIDE SHOW
This week, for roughly the millionth time, E.L. James’ romance-bondage trilogy “50 Shades” nabs the No. 1, 2 and 3 spots on the New York Times bestseller lists. We don’t get it either. Every page of that book, which famously began as “Twilight” fan fiction, elicits a sigh of confusion and weird secondary embarrassment. The question is: Who would read this? (The answer is: Apparently everyone.) It’s the same baffled, helpless feeling we get when we sort through stock photos on a daily basis. Stock photos – which have been the subject of recent outstanding Internet satire – are used by this site, and many others, to illustrate our flood of content. Many are plain and simple, but a good portion are flat-out mind-blowing. Why did anyone think that photo was a good idea? It only made sense to join these forces. And so, we present to you passages from the most head-scratching bestseller of our time, illustrated with the assistance of inexplicable stock photography.
Megaphone by Natalie Bakopoulos
Miracles happen, even in an Athens crippled by a garbage strike, to a young mother unsure of her ability to love
(Credit: iStockphoto/caracterdesign) It’s the third week of the garbage strike and Athens has begun to smell. Bright-colored trash bags fill the curbs and alleyways, and we have learned to step over the rubbish and avoid the blocks that had become unnavigable. We know which stretches are particularly foul — a stretch along Mavili Square, or the entire top end of Monastiraki. Odos Athinas is a sea of trash, and Omonia is ghastly but we don’t go there anyway. May has gone from unseasonably cool to raging hot, and the garbage seems to be melting. In front of the museum it’s like yet another installation project. When I arrive each morning I want to wretch.
Continue Reading CloseNatalie Bakopoulos's first novel, "The Green Shore," will be published by Simon & Schuster in June 2012. Her work has appeared in Tin House, Ninth Letter, Granta Online, and The O. Henry Prize Stories 2010, and she is a contributing editor for the online journal Fiction Writers Review. More Natalie Bakopoulos.
Almost by Chris Pavone
She never thought of herself as ambitious, until motherhood and career collided in one horrifying hospital ride
(Credit: iStockphoto/caracterdesign) It’s just before dawn when Isabel puts the final page down on the fat stack of paper that sits on the rumpled bedspread, next to an overflowing crystal ashtray and a crumpled soft-pack of cigarettes. She’d tried Wellbutrin and Xanax; she’d used patches and gum. In the end, the only thing that made her quit smoking was being pregnant.
But then, after everything, she couldn’t help but start up again. At first it was just a single cigarette per day, or two. Then it became a few, and within months she was back to full-throttle. Over the past couple of years, she’s tried to quit a few times, but not seriously. She anticipates — she accepts — failure. Because she doesn’t want to quit, not really. She wants instead to try, and fail.
Continue Reading CloseMemorial Day fiction: Are we there yet?
Salon exclusive: At the start of the summer fiction season, new stories from Chris Pavone and Natalie Bakopoulos
(Credit: iStockphoto/caracterdesign) “Are we there yet?”
It’s a dreaded sentence. When it’s spoken by an anxious child from the back seat, it’s enough to make stressed-out parents wish they’d never taken a family vacation in the first place. And even if it’s delivered as a sing-songy punch line, from an impatient partner or spouse on a long road trip, it’s an irritating eye-roller of a joke.
So this Memorial Day weekend — the unofficial start of the summer vacation season, and therefore the summer fiction season — we asked two novelists to reclaim the sentence in a new and adult context. For our latest fiction project, there was only one simple rule: Each story had to include the line “Are we there yet?” in a fresh and surprising way.
Continue Reading CloseDavid Daley is the senior culture editor of Salon. More David Daley.
“Frankenstein” remixed
This masterful new adaptation of Mary Shelley's classic novel may be the best interactive fiction yet
Whatever interactive fiction is (and we’re still figuring that out) it suffers from all the problems of traditional fiction and then some. The vast majority of novels and short stories aren’t much good, but when a branching fiction — along the lines of the old “Choose Your Own Adventure” children’s books — fails to engage, the first impulse is to blame the form rather than the content. Let “Frankenstein,” just released by Inkle Studios and Profile Books, serve as a reproach to that reflex. The app is a creative, subtle and sensitive adaptation of Mary Shelley’s classic novella, and it has singlehandedly renewed this critic’s hopes for interactive fiction.
Laura Miller is a senior writer for Salon. She is the author of "The Magician's Book: A Skeptic's Adventures in Narnia" and has a Web site, magiciansbook.com. More Laura Miller.
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