Imprint
Designing from behind the Iron Curtain
A new book looks at a Cold War-era Polish magazine that deeply influenced the surrealist imagination
In the ’60s, two foreign design magazines were passed around America as though they were underground or samizdat publications. One was Graphis from Switzerland, the other was Projekt from Poland. Let’s focus on the latter. It was a revelation to learn about the artistic intelligence of the Polish poster artists, illustrators and designers. They led the way in surrealistic imagination. A new book, ”Projekt: The Polish Journal of Visual Art and Design” (Unit 05) by Charlotte West and Edgar Bąk, is now available from the indie lads at www.uniteditions.com. I asked the chief lad, Adrian Shaughnessy, to tell us about the heritage of the magazine and his interest in it.
Why a book on Projekt?
We were approached by the design writer (and Print contributor) Charlotte West who has been researching Polish graphic art for some time. In partnership with the graphic designer Edgar Bąk, she proposed a book on Projekt magazine. To my publishing partner Tony Brook and me, it seemed like a great opportunity to publish a book on a little-known subject, and to celebrate the wonderful heritage of Polish graphic art.
Formed in 1955, Projekt was one of the few publications to showcase the art and design of not only work from behind the Iron Curtain, but also of the West. As a satellite state of the Soviet Union, Poland was subject to censorship, and Polish artists and designers were expected to adhere to the official Soviet artform of Social Realism. Charlotte West’s essay describes Projekt’s tortuous history as it struggled to survive against the backdrop of official disapproval, and how it slipped under the Soviet radar to become a platform for some of the most celebrated members of the famous Polish Poster School – among them Henryk Tomaszewski, Józef Mroszczak and Jan Lenica.
Edgar Bąk also contributes a short essay describing how, as a designer growing up in Poland in the 1990s, he was surrounded by what he calls “shoddy” Polish design and “shiny” Western design. It was only when he encountered back issues of Projekt in his university library that he realized that Poland had its own magnificent graphic design heritage. He describes how this discovery grounded him in the visual and graphic traditions of his country.
How long did the magazine publish?
After the fall of communism in Poland in 1989, the magazine limped through the 1990s and 2000s. But by then it was a pale reflection of its former self. Its heyday was undoubtedly the 1960s and ’70s, when designers and illustrators fought to be given the privilege of designing or illustrating the front cover. And each issue came with a poster. Danuta Wróblewska, one of Projeckt’s editors, noted: “In almost every single studio in the territory of the USSR, there was a copy of Projekt lying on the table and the poster attached to it hanging on the wall.” She recalls a trip to Japan where she saw Projekt posters in “three different artists’ studios.”
What do we learn from Projekt?
Poland has a long history of rebellion and opposition, and this contrarian spirit can be seen in the pages and covers of Projekt. We also get a glimpse into the Polish graphic design tradition which is every bit as rich as that of Switzerland and Germany, but which unlike the graphic output of those two nations, is too idiosyncratic to travel.
What did you learn?
Embarrassingly for someone who claims to be knowledgeable about graphic design, I wasn’t aware of Projekt until Charlotte and Edgar showed me copies. I was always a fan of the great Polish poster artists, but Projekt introduced me to a few names that were previoulsy unknown to me. And thanks to Charlotte’s essay, I learned something about Polish cultural history.
Copyright F+W Media Inc. 2012.
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Our bodies, our products
A look back at the long tradition of creating memorable trade characters from the objects they sell
I bet many of you don’t know what the Michelin Man, also known as the Bibendum, is made of. Take a wild guess! French cartoonist Marius Rossillon, also known as O’Galop, created the prototype for a Munich brewery (he was holding a glass of beer and quoting Horace’s phrase “Nunc est bibendum” — now’s the time to drink). It was rejected. But the Michelin brothers saw the image and suggested replacing O’Galop’s man with a figure made — yes indeed — from tires. Voila! The Bibendum is now one of the world’s most recognized and collected trademarks in the world.
When nuclear terror reigned
Old handbooks about atomic annihilation allow a fascinating glimpse into some of our greatest fears
England has a long tradition of dystopian prophecy in literature and cinema. The likes of H.G. Wells, George Orwell, J.G. Ballard, and Ridley Scott all seem to revel in presenting doomsday scenarios. Films such as 1961′s “The Day the Earth Caught Fire,” and the 1965 BBC docudrama “The War Game,” depicting a Soviet nuclear strike on England, as well as books like Raymond Briggs’ “When the Wind Blows,” a deceivingly innocent tale of untold horror, are among the works that underscore the British fascination with and fixation on nuclear devastation.
Illustrating the ’60s music revolution
How one book captured the spirit and art of the cultural transformation -- as it was happening
“When did music become so important?” That’s Don Draper from last week’s “Mad Men,” set in 1966. Later in the episode he turns off “Tomorrow Never Knows,” from the Beatles album “Revolver,” and walks out of the room.
How to resurrect a comic book
Should revived comics be made to look new or faded? Two releases explore both approaches
Memory is evanescent. I can’t recall where I made the purchase; perhaps it was during an elementary-school or Cub Scout trip. Nor do I remember my exact age; it was anywhere between 8 and 10. What I do remember vividly is the visceral experience: the feel and smell of the paper as I unfurled it. The sense that I was both witnessing and experiencing history, which I then held tangibly in my hands. In the morning of that day, my mother had given me some small change for the day’s trip, and I spent it on a reproduction of the Declaration of Independence. It was printed on a rough-hewn, yellow paper stock with stains on both sides, and it had a rigidity that made it hard to open (it was folded in quarters). The reproduction possessed a distinct smell, and the texture was coarse, as if it was once damp and left to dry. “Onion paper,” my mother explained when I got home. It sounded exotic. Sadly, I’ve forgotten the whereabouts of that formative piece of paper, but the power of the experience has remained.
Steven Brower is a graphic designer, writer and educator and the former Creative Director/ Art Director of Print. He is the author/designer of books on Louis Armstrong, Mort Meskin, Woody Guthrie and the history of mass-market paperbacks. He is Director of the “Get Your Masters with the Masters” low residency MFA program for educators and working professionals at Marywood University in Scranton, Pa. @stevenianbrower More Steven Brower.
Donny Osmond: Design icon
In the1970s, teen magazines were my obsession -- and inspired my love of design
Before there was a Justin Bieber — before there was even a Justin Timberlake — there was Donny Osmond. One summer night in the 1970s, my poor older brother, Mike, was forced to take his preteen sisters to see Donny and those other Osmonds, as well as the Jackson 5, at New York’s Madison Square Garden.
Imagine the stress of worrying about two adolescent girls and their obligatory mutual friend dancing their way down from the cheap seats to the slightly better view one section below. Mike was in college, and my sister and I weren’t even in high school yet. I guess that’s why our brother sat ducked down in his seat, hiding behind a newspaper.
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