#Gamergate is really about terrorism: Why Bill Maher should be vilifying the gaming community, too
It's time for us to face up to our persistent double standard on what constitutes a terrorist act
Topics: anita sarkeesian, Bill Maher, Editor's Picks, gamergate, Terrorism, Media News
There are many reasons to stand appalled at the headlines that have recently rocked the video game world, which has seen feminist cultural critic Anita Sarkeesian cancel a speaking event at a Utah university due to a threat made on her life. From the exposure of a long-festering misogynistic undercurrent in gamer culture to further proof (if any was needed) of the way online anonymity tends to divorce people from any semblance of basic decency, the issues revealed by this and other recent video game controversies have been ugly, to say the least.
Less discussed, though just as interesting, is what this incident tells us about the meaning of “terrorism” in the post-9/11 world, and the hierarchy of violence that Western society has created in the wake of those attacks.
But first, a primer on the controversy: Anita Sarkeesian is the founder of Feminist Frequency, a Web series dedicated to examining the treatment of women in popular culture. She generated a lot of buzz in particular for her videos deconstructing the latently (and blatantly) sexist portrayals of female characters in video games. The videos are an insightful and thorough examination of the objectification of women that pervades most top-tier video games, the kind of examination that is a regularly accepted feature of criticism for more established art forms like film, but has been long overdue in gaming.
Unfortunately, the videos received an angry pushback from some outraged fans. Sarkeesian received a deluge of misogynistic and racist comments and emails, and in March, an anonymous individual threatened to bomb the Game Developers Choice Awards if an award Sarkeesian was due to receive was not rescinded. Later on, in late August, another anonymous individual sent Sarkeesian a series of graphic death threats that listed her and her parents’ home addresses, forcing her to leave her home. All of this led up to the incident at Utah State University on Oct. 15.
The day before Sarkeesian’s scheduled talk, an anonymous emailer claiming to be a student at the university emailed Utah State staff, threatening “the deadliest school shooting in American history” if Sarkeesian’s talk was allowed to go forward. He would attack the talk’s attendees, he threatened, as well as any staff and students in the university’s Women’s Centre. He listed the weapons at his disposal: pistols, a semi-automatic rifle and “a collection of pipe bombs.” “Anita Sarkeesian is everything wrong with the feminist woman, and she is going to die screaming like the craven little whore that she is,” he concluded.
Although Utah State stepped up its security in response, the school denied Sarkeesian’s request to implement metal detectors and mandatory pat-downs for everyone attending, forcing her to cancel her appearance for the sake of both her and her attendees’ safety. Under a 2004 Utah law, anyone who holds the relevant permit can carry a concealed weapon onto a university campus. Sarkeesian would live to critique another day, it seemed, while her antagonist presumably got to bask in the satisfaction of having temporarily shut up one of the “misandrist harpies” who “have ruined [his] life.”
Gamergate, which purports to be a movement of gamers concerned about ethics in gaming journalism, has mainly revolved around the online harassment of female game developer Zoe Quinn, and was formulated chiefly by users of the online imageboard 4chan. Since its emergence, numerous outspoken women in the gaming world have received threats, including game developer Brianna Wu. Wu left her home this month upon, like Sarkeesian, being flooded with death threats, after her personal details were posted on 8chan, a messageboard spinoff of 4chan.
The threat against Sarkeesian is thus the latest and perhaps most alarming case of online misogyny breaking through the computer screen and spilling over into the real world.
There are several interesting things to note in the wake of this ugly event, the most notable being what it says about our reaction to terrorism – or, at least, certain kinds of terrorism. And make no mistake – the threat against Anita Sarkeesian is most assuredly a case of terrorism.
The definition of the word is notoriously slippery to pin down, but the USU threat certainly counts as one if looking at the definition provided by various government agencies. According to the FBI, terrorism includes any activity aiming “to intimidate or coerce a civilian population.” For the CIA, it means “premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups.” Under the British Terrorism Act of 2000, meanwhile, it’s classed as “the use or threat of action designed to influence government or to intimidate the public, or a section of the public, and is made for the purposes of advancing a political, religious or ideological cause.”
Under any of these definitions, the threat against Anita Sarkeesian easily qualifies as a terrorist act. It’s premeditated, as evidenced by the very existence of a threatening email; it’s certainly politically driven, with the author singling out “feminists on campus” as his desired victims, and citing the charge that “[f]eminism has taken over every facet of our society” as the reason he’s “chosen to target her”; and lastly, it’s most definitely intended to coerce and intimidate civilians, in this case feminist activists, in the hope that they will stay silent.
Yet in much of the media reaction to the story all over the world, major news agencies have shied away from attaching the T-word to the story. Publications like the L.A. Times, the Washington Post, the Daily Mail, Time and Forbes all spoke about general “death,” “massacre” or “school shooting” threats. If the word did crop up in more high-profile articles, it was only due to a reference to feminist blogger Melissa McEwan’s term “terrorist misogyny,” or by quoting Sarkeesian herself; in other words, it was portrayed as an interpretation by interested parties of what the incident could be, rather than an objective truth. Smaller, less vaunted publications and websites, by contrast – such as the Salt Lake Tribune, Kotaku or Ogden, Utah’s StandardExaminer – have been far less reserved about labelling the incident an act of terror.
In many ways, it follows the pattern of white terrorists receiving different treatment by authorities and the media. Norwegian terrorist Anders Breivik’s motivations received far more probing and publicity than that of an Islamic terrorist, while commentators fell over themselves to stress he wasn’t a “true” Christian. Glenn Beck-inspired right-wing terrorist Byron Williams was convicted for attempted murder, not terrorism, after he tried to “start a revolution” by planning an attack on left-wing targets. The burning down of a mosque in Joplin, Missouri, and a shooting spree in a Wisconsin Sikh temple received barely any news coverage.
