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Rosa Parks honored by Congress
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June 16, 1999 | WASHINGTON (AP) --
Parks, 86, was lauded by the House and Senate leadership and
President Clinton for an act of defiance more than four decades ago. On Dec. 1, 1955, the seamstress, tired after a day's work in
Montgomery, Ala., refused to give up her seat to a white man on a
segregated city bus and was arrested for her defiance. Her arrest set off a lengthy bus boycott by thousands of blacks -- led by
the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., then a local minister. The boycott lasted
about a year until the Supreme Court declared Montgomery's bus
segregation law unconstitutional. "She is the mother of the civil rights movement," said Rep. Julia Carson,
D-Ind., who pushed for the legislation granting the Congressional Gold
Medal to Parks, who now lives in Detroit. "It is a celebration of the life of Rosa Parks, who is receiving the honor while she can still see it,'' Carson said of Parks, who appeared frail
and had to be helped to her feet from her wheelchair, sometimes steadying
herself on the arm of House Speaker Dennis Hastert, R-Ill. "I thank God that when your time came, you were not afraid," House
Minority Leader Richard Gephardt, D-Mo., said at the Capitol Rotunda
ceremony. "You had courage, and you sat down for all of America and
all of America's freedom." Lawmakers gave Parks an artist's drawing of the
medal, which is not yet finished. "I thank you," she said in a low, halting voice, adding that she accepted
the award for a "free people" and for civil rights. The gratitude went both ways. "I thank you for what you have done," Clinton told Parks. "She sat, anchored to that seat, as Dr. King said, by the accumulated
indignities of days gone by and the countless aspirations of generations yet
unborn," the president said. "Rosa Parks said, 'I didn't get on that bus to
get arrested; I got on that bus to go home.'" The president said he was only 9 when Parks refused to stand up.
He and his friends "couldn't figure out anything we could do since we
couldn't even vote. So we began to sit on the back of the bus when we
got on." Parks action cost her the seamstress job and prompted harassment
and threats to her family. So she moved to Detroit in 1957. She joined the
staff of Rep. John Conyers, D-Mich., in 1965 and worked there until
retiring in 1988. In 1987, Parks co-founded a nonprofit group, the Rosa and
Raymond Parks Institute for Self-Development, to help young people in
Detroit. A guest at Clinton's State of the Union address in January, Parks has
received numerous awards, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom. The legislation awarding her the Congressional Gold Medal was approved
by the Senate without dissent April 19. The House voted 424-1 for it the
next day. The only "no" vote was cast by Rep. Ron Paul, R-Texas, who
said he opposes spending government money on such awards. Lawmakers initially used the Congressional Gold Medal to honor military
leaders but began using it during the 20th century to recognize excellence
in a range of fields. More than 320 medals have been awarded. The first was given to George Washington in 1776 for "wise and spirited
conduct" during the Revolutionary War. Recent honorees include Frank Sinatra, Mother Teresa and South African
President Nelson Mandela.
© 2006 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. The information contained in the AP News report may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed without the prior written authority of The Associated Press.
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