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Michael J. O’Brien

Anti-vaccine activists protest and hold signs in front of the Massachusetts State House against Governor Charlie Baker's mandate that all Massachusetts school students enrolled in child care, pre-school, K-12, and post-secondary institutions must receive the flu vaccine this year on August 30, 2020 in Boston, Massachusetts. (Scott Eisen/Getty Images)

Misinformation, disinformation and hoaxes: What’s the difference?

Michael J. O'Brien, Izzat Alsmadi