Robert Reich: The myth of the rugged individual

Why is America still perpetuating the fallacy of the self-made individual?

Published August 11, 2019 12:30PM (EDT)

Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump stands in front of a wax statue of John Wayne during a news conference at the John Wayne Museum, Tuesday, Jan. 19, 2016, in Winterset, Iowa. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong) (AP)
Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump stands in front of a wax statue of John Wayne during a news conference at the John Wayne Museum, Tuesday, Jan. 19, 2016, in Winterset, Iowa. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong) (AP)

This originally appeared on Robert Reich's blog.

The American dream promises that anyone can make it if they work hard enough and play by the rules. Anyone can make it by pulling themselves up by their “bootstraps.”

Baloney.

The truth is: In America today, your life chances depend largely on how you started — where you grew up and how much your parents earned.

Everything else — whether you attend college, your chances of landing a well-paying job, even your health — hinges on this start.

So as inequality of income and wealth has widened — especially along the lines of race and gender — American children born into poverty have less chance of making it. While 90% of children born in 1940 grew up to earn more than their parents, today only half of all American adults earn more than their parents did. 

And children born to the top 10 percent of earners are typically on track to make three times more income as adults than the children of the bottom 10 percent.

The phrase “pulling yourself up by the bootstraps” itself is rubbish. Its origins date back to an 18th-century fairy tale, and the phrase was originally intended as a metaphor for an impossible feat of strength. 

Other countries understand that the family you’re born into as well as the social safety nets and social springboards you have access to play large roles.

Children born poor in Canada, Denmark, or the United Kingdom — nations without America’s degree of inequality, nations which provide strong social safety nets and public investments — have a greater chance of economic success than children born poor in America. 

Individuals in those countries are blamed less for their personal failures and credited less for personal successes.

So, why is America still perpetuating the fallacy of the self-made individual? Because those in power want you to believe it. If everyone thinks they’re on their own, it’s easier for the powerful to dismantle unions, unravel safety nets, and slash taxes for the wealthy.

It’s in their interest to keep the American Dream deeply rooted in our psyche — the assumption that you determine your destiny. So we don’t demand reforms that are necessary — paid family and medical leave, for example, or early childhood education, accessible childcare, and policies that lift every family out of poverty.

Let’s stop perpetuating this myth of the self-made individual. And let’s start rebuilding the American dream by creating opportunities for all, not just those who are already wealthy, privileged, and well-connected.


By Robert Reich

Robert B. Reich is Chancellor's Professor of Public Policy at the University of California at Berkeley and Senior Fellow at the Blum Center for Developing Economies. He served as Secretary of Labor in the Clinton administration, for which Time Magazine named him one of the ten most effective cabinet secretaries of the twentieth century. He has written 15 books, including the best sellers "Aftershock", "The Work of Nations," and"Beyond Outrage," and, his most recent, "The Common Good." He is also a founding editor of the American Prospect magazine, chairman of Common Cause, a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and co-creator of the award-winning documentary, "Inequality For All." He's also co-creator of the Netflix original documentary "Saving Capitalism."

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