Harry Potter
Majoring in Potterology
Are books like J.K. Rowling's popular series and Stephenie Meyer's "Twilight" fit subjects for serious scholarship?
(Credit: Shutterstock/Salon) Last week in Scotland, 60 scholars gathered over two days for the U.K.’s first scholarly conference on the Harry Potter series. The Guardian newspaper quoted John Mullan, a professor of English at University College London, questioning the wisdom of organizing such an event. Concluding that the host college, the University of St. Andrews, was primarily after “publicity,” Mullan suggested the attendees would be better off forgetting kids’ books and cultivating their gravitas. “They should be reading Milton and ‘Tristram Shandy,’” he told the Guardian. “That’s what they’re paid to do.”
The criticism brought to mind a lengthy discussion on Reddit last year, inspired by an anecdote from a bookstore clerk who sold copies of all four “Twilight” novels to a sheepish professor. The professor’s explanation: “Every time I reference low forms of literature, I always use ‘Twilight’ as the example. Today a student asked if I’ve actually read them, and I had to say no. They demanded that I do.”
What should literary academics study? To judge by the Reddit comments, many people believe that academia’s job is to ordain great literature and pass on its exalted benefits to students. As for bad literature, the more calumny that can be heaped on it and those who love it, the better! Much of the discussion devolved into knee-jerk “Twilight” bashing by users as unfamiliar with the books as that sheepish professor. (Many of them give the impression of cherishing equally bad taste, albeit for forms of pop culture that are much less girly.) Extravagant evocations of steaming piles of bodily waste abounded.
Nevertheless, a few readers agreed with the professor’s students: If you’re going to knock something, then set a good example by knowing what you’re talking about. You don’t want to give students the idea that it’s OK to opine on a book they haven’t read, for crying out loud. And, toward the end, a few informed participants even stepped in to speak out on behalf of the study of not-very-good books — provided those books are a cultural phenomenon, which “Twilight” most certainly is. “Something doesn’t have to be high-brow literature to be a worthwhile material for study,” wrote one. “That’s not to say it’s a ‘great book’, but for academic literature, whether or not something is ‘great’ is sort of beside the point.” “I think a lot of people assume English Ph.D.’s just go around saying ‘This book is good, this book is bad,’ all day,” wrote another. “That is an incredibly misguided understanding of the study of literature.”
It is. However, Mullan’s argument isn’t that the Harry Potter series is bad (he says his kids love the books), only that it isn’t serious enough to reward scholarly attention. “Harry Potter is for children,” he said, “not for grown-ups.” True, the Harry Potter books are technically “for” kids, but by now everybody knows that adults read them, too (including adults without children), and that some people who first read them as kids have since grown up and yet still regard them as important books. Can the Harry Potter novels, as novels, be detached from the momentous role they played culturally, socially and in the world of book publishing? Does it even make sense to try?
“Twilight,” which I suspect will have an even greater impact on America’s book culture because of the fan networks it has inspired, is doubly damned as unserious because it’s not only “for children” (that is, teenagers), but it’s also a romance, surely the most reflexively disdained of all literary genres. Throughout the early 19th century, all novels were seen in more or less this light: as fanciful stories read by silly women seeking escape from sterner truths, women all too prone to absorbing dangerously misguided notions of life and love. (For the record, I tend to agree with the later opinion, but that doesn’t mean I think “Wuthering Heights” beneath scholar interest.) As recently as the 1930s, it was controversial for any novel at all to be assigned to students at Oxford. Novels were regarded as recreational reading, not matter for significant study.
In the late 20th century, however, the field of cultural studies, a discipline springing out of poststructuralist theory, seized upon everything from Madonna to “Buffy, the Vampire Slayer” as fodder for academic work. Often, through some tortuously elaborate theoretical rationale, the fun stuff of pop entertainment could be cast as “subversive” or even revolutionary, tantamount to a form of political activism, which was something of an ivory-tower fetish at the time. That’s not to say that Madonna and Buffy didn’t have their subversive elements, but unlike actual political activity, those elements could be easily ignored by audience members who didn’t care to hear about them. Pop culture is funny that way.
Cultural studies has since fallen out of fashion a bit, and it doesn’t seem to have left much of an impression on the public, who at best dismissed it as fad. (Maybe they were right about that.) Still, there’s much to be said for smart people paying real attention to the stories that captivate huge numbers of people. First, there’s the simple question of why? Why was a boarding school series about wizards in training exactly what every kid wanted to read in the late 1990s? Why do so many girls and women like vampire romances?
Then there’s how. Was it just chance that elevated Stephenie Meyer’s vampire romance above the rest of the genre, or was there something particularly effective in how she executed it? What role has the Internet played in fostering fandoms that not only persuade more people to read a book, but perhaps influence their opinion of it as well? If anything, an obviously “bad” book presents an even more fascinating puzzle to solve. Sometimes the answer is historical. The fictional techniques Dan Brown utilizes in “The Da Vinci Code” are so basic and formulaic they can be found in about a zillion other thrillers, but his bestseller’s tale of power, secrets, conspiracy and religion clearly spoke to a lot of discontented readers in the Bush years.
It’s also worth asking whether critics of the Harry Potter conference would object to a conference on “Alice in Wonderland” or “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer,” both books written explicitly for children. Somehow, the passage of a century or more makes them seem weightier, just as it has turned the ladies’ entertainments of Jane Austen’s time into the literature of today. Who’s to say the same won’t happen to J.K. Rowling’s creation, or even to Meyers? If so, there won’t be any lack of contemporary sources to explain how we saw them, the way we argued over the quality of their prose and the examples they set for young men and women. But as for how they’ll look to those readers, sitting down to study whichever “classics” will survive and be read 100 or more years in the future? That is anybody’s guess, and anybody should be entitled to take a shot at it.
Further reading
The Guardian newspaper on the U.K.’s first academic conference on Harry Potter
A Canadian bookseller sells “Twilight” novels to a sheepish professor
Reddit discusses whether college professors should read “Twilight.”
Laura Miller is a senior writer for Salon. She is the author of "The Magician's Book: A Skeptic's Adventures in Narnia" and has a Web site, magiciansbook.com. More Laura Miller.
“Captain America” corners the box office
Has the superhero won the summer by pushing "Harry Potter" from the top spot?
A scene from "Captain America: The First Avenger." If early estimates are to be believed (at Deadline, Nikki Finke had her doubts on Sunday), it looks like “Captain America: The First Avenger” has flown higher and faster than its summertime superhero rivals, “Green Lantern,” “X-Men: First Class” and “Thor.”
According to Box Office Mojo:
Continue Reading CloseCaptain America made an estimated $65.8 million on approximately 7,100 screens at 3,715 locations, edging out fellow Avenger Thor’s $65.7 million as well as Green Lantern’s $53.2 million and X-Men: First Class’s $55.1 million to top the summer’s superhero launches.
Emma Mustich is a Salon contributor. Follow her on Twitter: @emustich. More Emma Mustich.
Harry Potter: How it couldn’t have ended
Journalist Greg Palast claims J.K. Rowling had a surprising idea for her series' conclusion. We don't buy it
In this film publicity image released by Warner Bros. Pictures, from left, Emma Watson, Rupert Grint and Daniel Radcliffe are shown in a scene from "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2." (AP Photo/Warner Bros. Pictures, Jaap Buitendijk)(Credit: AP) According to Greg Palast — an American journalist who says he and J.K. Rowling became “buds” when they “shared the bestseller list” in England “years ago” — J.K. Rowling considered ending the Harry Potter series in what one could reasonably term a highly unlikely fashion. New York magazine was quick to pick up on Palast’s relevant blog post yesterday.
Continue Reading CloseEmma Mustich is a Salon contributor. Follow her on Twitter: @emustich. More Emma Mustich.
Wizards or Jedis?
Salon's TV critic and his ninth-grader discuss the cross-generational magic of Harry Potter and Luke Skywalker
My daughter Hannah is a ninth-grader, and my favorite person to see movies with. Sometimes we’ll see a film and then instant message each other about it later, or tape ourselves talking and do a transcript, then publish the result at my friend Ed Copeland’s blog, Edward Copeland on Film. This conversation is on the final Harry Potter film, “Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Part 2.” I was really looking forward to seeing this movie with Hannah, not just because it’s the final installment in a franchise that’s been around nearly as long as she has, but also because Hannah has read all the books and I’ve read exactly none, which makes her an ideal explainer.
Continue Reading CloseHarry Potter triumphs at the box office
The final Potter film takes $168.5 million in U.S. ticket sales on its opening weekend, smashing several records
The final Harry Potter film has broken the box office record for most successful opening weekend in history — besting the previous record-holder, 2008′s “The Dark Knight,” by about $10 million.
“Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2″ took an estimated $168.5 million in domestic ticket sales between Friday and Sunday; “The Dark Knight” took only $158.4 million on its first weekend (although Deadline reminds us to consider that HP 7.2, unlike “The Dark Knight,” was available in 3D — and thus some tickets were more expensive).
Continue Reading CloseEmma Mustich is a Salon contributor. Follow her on Twitter: @emustich. More Emma Mustich.
Five pop culture items we missed
Today's catch: A "Harry Potter" star terrified of women, Tiger Woods' ex-wife's rebound, and a Muppets tribute
Matthew Lewis and Emma Watson in "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2" 1. Six degrees of marital separation: No, don’t worry. Kevin Bacon and Kyra Sedgwick are fine. But after participating in an ancestry tracing program, “The Closer” star found out she was linked a lot closer to her husband than she may have liked.
2. In memoriam of the day: Sky the kitty, whose 77-year-old owner Luciana Matalon took out a full-page ad in a national Italian paper after the death of her feline friend.
Continue Reading CloseDrew Grant is a staff writer for Salon. Follow her on Twitter at @videodrew. More Drew Grant.
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