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Trump picks hedge fund billionaire Bessent to run Treasury

Donald Trump has nominated hedge fund manager Scott Bessent to lead the U.S. Treasury, ending speculation over who would hold the key economic position.

In a statement posted to Truth Social on Friday, Trump championed Bessent as “one of the World's foremost International Investors.”

“Scott will support my Policies that will drive U.S. Competitiveness, and stop unfair Trade imbalances, work to create an Economy that places Growth at the forefront, especially through our coming World Energy Dominance,” he wrote.

Bessent has served as an adviser to the Trump campaign and is the founder of Key Square Capital Management, a hedge fund he started after a stint as chief investment officer at George Soros' Soros Fund Management.

Bessent's potential position was one of the most hotly debated Cabinet posts within Trump’s transition team. Trump adviser and Tesla CEO Elon Musk was actively pulling for Wall Street exec and crypto enthusiast Howard Lutnick to lead the Treasury, calling Bessent a “business-as-usual choice”  Lutnick was ultimately nominated for Commerce secretary.  

Both Bessent and Lutnick met Trump’s top criteria for the job, per the Financial Times: a willingness to ram through tariffs that Trump promised on the campaign trail.

Bessent has also been an ardent supporter of the president-elect’s third run for office, hosting a series of fundraisers this year that drew in tens of millions. 

Bessent is the fifth billionaire to be nominated for a Cabinet post by Trump, That number climbs to seven if you count Elon Musk and Vivek Ramaswamy, the co-heads of not yet official Department of Government Efficiency.

“With or without you”: Homan warns sanctuary cities that mass deportation is coming

Project 2025 author and Donald Trump’s border czar Tom Homan issued a stark warning to cities who choose not to cooperate with a federal mass deportation effort. 

"Get the hell out of the way," he said during a Friday appearance on Newsmax. "This is going to happen with or without you."

The former acting head of Immigration and Customs Enforcement said local compliance was welcome but far from necessary in the president-elect’s scheme to remove millions of undocumented Americans from the country. 

“It will certainly help us to have local law enforcement to assist us, especially if things go bad,” Homan said. “If they do, they do.”

Homan chastised Los Angeles City Council member Hugo Soto-Martínez for his commitment to upholding the city’s sanctuary policy, which bars local authorities from cooperating with federal immigration schemes.

“If I gotta send twice as many officers to LA because we're not getting any assistance, then that's what we're going to do," Homan said. "We got a mandate. President Trump is serious about this. I'm serious about it.”

Homan’s proclamation comes as state governors have mobilized to insulate their residents from the Trump administration’s federal power. California Gov. Gavin Newsom called an emergency legislative session in the wake of Trump’s win, promising to fight back against assaults from the incoming administration.

“The freedoms we hold dear in California are under attack — and we won’t sit idle,” Newsom said in a statement. “We will do everything necessary to ensure Californians have the support and resources they need to thrive.”

Gaetz joins Cameo after withdrawing from Cabinet nomination

Matt Gaetz is going to have quite a notable gap in his resume, but he's finding new ways to fill his days. The enterprising former congressman from Florida is now selling personalized video messages on Cameo for several hundred dollars apiece.

Donald Trump's first choice to lead the Department of Justice launched his side hustle this week, asking $250 per video. That jumped within an hour to more than $500 for a roughly 60-second clip.

In an interview on Friday, Gaetz announced he didn’t intend to return to Congress. The long-time representative from the Florida Panhandle told podcast host Charlie Kirk that “eight years is enough.”

“I’m still going to be in the fight, but it’s going to be from a new perch. I do not intend to join the 119th Congress,” Gaetz said. “I've got some other goals in life that I'm eager to pursue.”

Gaetz summarized his time in Congress — and its quick end — in a pithy bio on Cameo.

“I served in Congress. Trump nominated me to be US Attorney General (that didn’t work out). Once I fired the House Speaker,” he wrote.

Gaetz gave up his seat in Congress earlier this month after President-elect Trump tagged him to serve as attorney general. The short-lived nomination was overshadowed by an unreleased report from the House Ethics Committee. That report details the results of a multi-year probe into Gaetz's alleged sexual misconduct.

In the days since his resignation, Republicans in Congress have moved to block the release of the Gaetz report.  Gaetz's trajectory from Congress to Cameo mirrors former New York Rep. George Santos, whose own House Ethics probe led to his ouster and Cameo stardom last year. Santos called Gaetz's nomination "phenomenal" last week.

Trump considering Loeffler for secretary of Agriculture: report

President-elect Donald Trump is set to nominate businesswoman and former Georgia Senator Kelly Loeffler to serve as the secretary of the Department of Agriculture, according to CNN.

The billionaire conservative donor is currently serving as the co-chair of Trump’s inauguration planning committee.

The appointment comes as Trump’s technology company is reportedly in talks to acquire crypto group Bakkt, formerly headed by Loeffler and founded by her husband Jeffrey Sprecher‘s company Intercontinental Exchange. Loeffler served as  CEO of Bakkt from 2018 until December 2019, when she was appointed to fill a vacancy in the Senate by Georgia Governor Brian Kemp. 

Trump Media and Technology Group’s interest in the group sent shares of Bakkt soaring earlier this week.

Loeffler drew criticism early in her Senate term for selling off stock in retail firms following a briefing on the coronavirus pandemic. The $20 million deal raised concerns over insider trading. She lost her seat in early 2021 to Democrat Raphael Warnock.

Loeffler’s appointment drew another round of online criticism of alleged self-serving business transactions.

“So basically Loeffler (former CEO of crypto company BAKKT) and her husband Sprecher (current CEO of intercontinental exchange, which majority owns BAKKT) are selling BAKKT to Trump’s Truth Social in exchange for a cabinet position, cool cool cool,” economic analyst Joey Politano wrote in a post to social media.

so basically Loeffler (former CEO of crypto company BAKKT) and her husband Sprecher (current CEO of intercontinental exchange, which majority owns BAKKT) are selling BAKKT to Trump’s Truth Social in exchange for a cabinet position, cool cool cool

[image or embed]

— Joey Politano🏳️‍🌈 (@josephpolitano.bsky.social) November 22, 2024 at 2:17 PM

If confirmed, Loeffler will be among the richest members of Trump’s administration, joining billionaires Doug Burgum, Howard Lutnick, Linda McMahon, Vivek Ramaswamy and Elon Musk.

“Ain’t nobody kicking me!”: Shaboozey went to the CMAs to be honored; they mocked him instead

Hip-hop and alt-country star Shaboozey had one of the biggest breakouts in music this year.

The artist's song “A Bar Song (Tipsy)” has sat on the charts for 18 weeks, becoming the longest-running No. 1 Billboard hit this year. According to Billboard, the song is one week away from outpacing Lil Nas X and Billy Ray Cyrus' country rap hit "Old Town Road" which had a record of 19 weeks at the top of the charts. Shaboozey even worked on two songs with Beyoncé on "Cowboy Carter."

Additionally, Shaboozey was just nominated for six Grammys including song of the year. And it initially appeared that the country music crowd had embraced him as well after he received CMA Awards nominations for new artist and song of the year.

Unfortunately at the 58th CMA Awards Thursday evening, Shaboozey walked away empty-handed. The artist lost the best new artist award to Megan Moroney and the best song category to country figurehead Chris Stapleton for his song “White Horse.” While these losses upset his fans who tuned in, what ignited a firestorm online was how Shaboozey was treated during the three-hour telecast.

Most of the comments aimed at Shaboozey amounted to mocking his name. At the start of the show, host Luke Bryan mentioned that the buzzy musician was performing later in the night. Bryan referred to his song "A Bar Song (Tipsy)," joking “Yeah, we call that a sha-doozey."

“That is not what we call that,” co-host Lainey Wilson said. Peyton Manning, who also hosted, added, “Yeah, that does not sound right at all.”

Wilson and Manning highlighted that the song had become an overnight hit, dominating the charts. Then Bryan responded, “His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Shaboozey, must be so proud.” 

Later in the evening, Manning exclaimed “Holy Shaboozey!" to transition between acts.

Making Shaboozey's name a punchline and a gimmick, however, distracts from him as an artist. The Nigerian-American's real name is Collins Obinna Chibueze. In his career, he opted for the stage name Shaboozey – a nickname given to him by a former football coach – because it is a more easily pronounced version of his given name. The artist said when growing up in Virginia, many people could not pronounce his full name.

"Hearing your name [mispronounced] during attendance was always a thing; you felt like you had to make it easier for everyone else to understand,” he told Billboard last month.

The derision about Shaboozey's name continued through the night. During Cody Johnson's acceptance speech for his album of the year win, one of Johnson's producers caught the crowd off guard with a surprising comment.

In the speech, Trent Willmon, said, "This is for this cowboy who's been kicking Shaboozey for a lot of years."

The comment left viewers at home unsure whether Willmon was making a distasteful remark at Shaboozey or making fun of his name. People online came to Shaboozey's defense like country music editor Billy Dukes who said fans deserved an explanation for "Trent Willmon’s Shaboozey comment. That tarnished CoJo’s win."

A viral post on X also said, "The fact that Shaboozey didn’t win a single Country Music Award despite having the #1 country song for like 3 months straight is proof that they don’t want somebody Black to be the face of country music."

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Rolling Stone writer Larisha Paul wrote, "Willmon’s unprovoked jab at the artist highlights the unfortunate normalization of Black culture being diluted to make it more accessible to people who won’t make a conscious effort to learn anything about it."

Paul continued, "[Shaboozey] walked in a winner. And the poorly written remarks that the hosts read off of a teleprompter don’t change that. But his first year at the show should have opened the door for him to be welcomed. Instead, it was arguably slammed in his face."

Outside all the chatter, Shaboozey addressed the growing controversy with good grace. The musician posted a photo of himself smiling with his arms up like a shrug. The caption read, "Ain’t nobody kicking me!"

In a series of posts, Shaboozey also said, "Win or lose, I’m blessed by something or someone that has a power beyond my understanding." He continued, "I’m here today hopefully living in my purpose and if my music makes even the tiniest positive impact in someone’s life I can die with a smile. Country music changed my life, and I’m forever grateful to it and for it."

Merkel calls Musk’s role in Trump’s second term a “huge concern”

Former German Chancellor Angela Merkel warned that the world’s richest man having the ear of President-elect Donald Trump could pose massive concerns for American democracy.

The center-right German politician sparred with Trump during his first administration, defending NATO from Trump's attacks and bashing his exit from global climate commitments. In an interview with Der Spiegel on Friday, Merkel was asked if there was a difference between Trump's first term and today. She answered that Elon Musk’s sway with the president-elect was a troubling breakdown of barriers between the government and private businesses.

“There is now a visible alliance between him with the big companies from Silicon Valley, which have enormous power through capital,” she told the German newspaper. “If a person like [Musk] is the owner of 60% of all satellites orbiting in space, then that must be a huge concern for us along with the political issues.”

Musk joined Trump regularly on the campaign trail and helped finance his final push. Since Election Day, the CEO has spent time at Mar-a-Lago participating in calls with foreign leaders and vetting staffing choices. He's been tasked with co-leading the Department of Government Efficiency, an as-yet nonexistent agency, alongside Vivek Ramaswamy.

The German leader of over 16 years said Trump’s partnership with Musk threatened to strain the guardrails the government should be imposing on big business. Merkel said that the government should act as a "final authority" over private businesses that can "straighten things out."

“If this final authority is too strongly influenced by companies, whether through capital power or technological capabilities, then this is an unprecedented challenge for us all,” Merkel said.

“Beatles songs are imprinted” on Paul Reiser’s life: Comedian reflects on why music moves him most

Comedian, actor and author Paul Reiser joined host Kenneth Womack to talk about sharing the Beatles with younger generations, his new comedy special “Life, Death & Rice Pudding” and much more on a special bonus episode of “Everything Fab Four,” a podcast co-produced by me and Womack (a music scholar who also writes about pop music for Salon) and distributed by Salon.

Reiser, the 11-time Emmy Award nominee known for such TV shows and movies as “Diner,” “Aliens,” “My Two Dads” and “Stranger Things,” told Womack he “always wanted to perform. I wanted to get the laughs.” And through co-creating, producing and starring in the hit show “Mad About You,” he got to do just that. Though comedy was always his professional focus, he said he is ultimately moved the most by music – and that all began with seeing the Beatles on “The Ed Sullivan Show” in February of 1964.

“My older sister was already into them,” said Reiser, “and I have a vivid recollection of being drawn to the TV. There was just this imprint of importance. You didn't know it was going to be the cultural touchstone that it is, but you knew to watch it.” And following that pivotal performance, “They made good on it with one album after another. Specific Beatles songs are imprinted on the moments of my life – of all our lives, really. The music is so good it seems silly to even give it an adjective.”

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Those life moments would carry into and throughout “Mad About You,” which had guest stars such as Beatles producer George Martin’s son Gregory, Yoko Ono and even previous “Everything Fab Four” guest and ‘60s icon Barbara Feldon. And, as with the Beatles’ “beautiful” song “Now and Then” (released in 2023), things have had a way of coming full circle for Reiser. “’Diner’ opened up every other door for me,” he explained to Womack. “And my interest in music and singer-songwriters led to me meeting Michael McDonald and co-authoring his memoir.” And now, after more than 30 years, Reiser is back with his first love – comedy – with “Life, Death & Rice Pudding,” available on streaming services.

And to this day, 60 years after the “Ed Sullivan” appearance, he says, “The Beatles are such a big part of my life. I may just be an amateur compared to other people, but the passion is there nonetheless.”

Listen to the entire conversation with Paul Reiser on “Everything Fab Four,” including his and Michael McDonald’s tales of visiting Liverpool, and subscribe via Spotify, Apple, Google or wherever you’re listening.

“Everything Fab Four” is distributed by Salon. Host Kenneth Womack is the author of a two-volume biography on Beatles producer George Martin and the bestselling books "Solid State: The Story of Abbey Road and the End of the Beatles” and “John Lennon, 1980: The Last Days in the Life.” His latest book is the authorized biography of Beatles road manager Mal Evans, “Living the Beatles Legend,” out now.

“Categorically unacceptable”: Advocates say Dems letting Trump appoint “radical extremist” judges

Legal advocacy groups on Friday accused Sen. Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., of preemptively surrendering to Republicans with the deal he cut late Thursday night, which would forfeit four Democratic circuit court nominees in order to prioritize 13 district court nominees, further ceding appellate court appointments to Republicans. 

According to the Associated Press, the deal outlines a plan for the Senate to vote to confirm 13 more district court judges before the upper chamber adjourns in December. If the Senate votes to confirm all of these nominees, President Joe Biden will have successfully appointed 234 judges to federal courts — the same number of judges that President-elect Donald Trump appointed in his first term.

As part of the deal, Republicans have agreed to the schedule. Previously, they were forcing procedural votes in order to slow down the confirmation process.

The issue with the deal, however, is that all of the judges will be district court judges rather than circuit court judges, meaning that Republicans will likely get to appoint the replacements for the four pending vacancies on the circuit court level, potentially giving Republicans even more control over the federal judiciary on the appellate level.

News of the deal was met with immediate criticism from groups like the American Constitution Society and its president, former Sen. Russ Feingold, D-Wis., who told Salon that “it is extremely frustrating to hear the reported deal on circuit court nominees.”

“The White House has nominated extremely qualified individuals for these seats and the Senate needs to do its job and hold votes on all of these nominees,” Feingold said. “All public officials need to be prepared to fight against the extremism that will come when Trump returns to office and retreating in advance is a dangerous precedent to set.”

There are currently four circuit court nominees awaiting a floor vote in the Senate: Adeel Abdullah Mangi, who was nominated for the Third Circuit; Karla M. Campbell, who was nominated for the Sixth Circuit; Julia M. Lipez, who was nominated for the First Circuit; and Ryan Young Park, who was nominated for the Fourth Circuit.

According to Feingold, the deal “paves the way for the incoming administration to install more conservative extremist judges on powerful courts of appeal, which in the past eight years have ruled again and again against the rights of Americans on issues ranging from reproductive freedom to voting rights. All of these lifetime appointments will affect our rights for generations to come.”

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Maggie Jo Buchanan, the managing director of the liberal advocacy group Demand Justice, called the deal “categorically unacceptable.”

“These are critical seats that have real impacts on everyday Americans–we cannot allow Trump to fill them with radical extremists,” Buchanan said. “If Democratic Senators are already rolling over this easily while they still have power, we are in for trouble when Trump actually assumes office. We need leadership that’s up for a fight–and that starts now.”

Russell Wheeler, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, however, pointed out that two of the circuit court nominees, Campbell and Park, are for future vacancies, meaning the outgoing justices could decide to stay on the court through the next presidential election.

“There is precedent for them simply withdrawing their intention to leave senior status,” Wheeler said. “If this deal will get possibly 13 more district judges through I think it's all in all a good thing for the Democrats.”


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Wheeler also noted that there has been opposition within the Democratic caucus to Mangi’s nomination by both Democratic senators from Nevada, Jacky Rosen and Catherine Cortez Masto. Wheeler noted that, without inside information on how senators planned to vote on these circuit court nominees, it’s hard to know whether they might have been able to get them through or not.

Carl Tobias, a law professor at the University of Richmond, told Salon that it’s not clear whether Rosen and Cortez Masto, who are up for re-election in six and four years respectively, would have maintained their opposition of Mangi. The doubts about Mangi’s ability to get confirmed, combined with the two future vacancies “makes it look like a less bad deal.”

 “What’s not clear to me is that none of those four nominees were going to be confirmed,” Tobias said. “The other Democrats who lost have all been there to vote, Tester, Brown, and Casey, and Manchin have been voting for some of the nominees as has Sinema.”

Tobias said that Mangi’s confirmation, in particular, could have been important in tipping the balance on the third circuit from Republican appointees to Democratic appointees.

“The only one who I think may not have gotten an affirmative vote is Mangi,” Tobias said. “But there's a big caveat to that. I wasn’t in the room when the deal was cut. I don't know what Democrats know and I don't know what Republicans know and a lot of that is not public information.”

“Eight years is enough”: Gaetz won’t return to Congress

Matt Gaetz answered top-of-mind questions on his political future and took a swipe at a bipartisan investigation into his alleged sexual misconduct during an interview with Charlie Kirk shared on Friday.

The former Florida congressman was briefly nominee to Donald Trump's Cabinet before a long-simmering report into alleged sexual misconduct derailed his nomination. Gaetz withdrew from consideration as the House Ethics Committee battled over whether to release their report, announcing on Thursday that controversy over his confirmation was “a distraction” to the president-elect’s agenda. 

Asked by Kirk if he intended to return to the House seat he gave up, Gaetz said he was done with the Hill.

“I’m still going to be in the fight, but it’s going to be from a new perch. I do not intend to join the 119th Congress,” Gaetz shared.

Gaetz also denied the allegations at the heart of the unreleased Ethics report, claiming the bipartisan committee was engaged in a witch hunt.

“If the things in the House Ethics report were true, I would be under indictment and probably in a prison cell, but of course, they're false,” he said. “I was dealing with a politically motivated body. They didn't like me because of what I did to Kevin McCarthy. All of them were hand-picked by Kevin McCarthy, and they had an axe to grind.”

McCarthy and Gaetz’s public feuds led to Gaetz forcing a vote to vacate his speakership last year. Gaetz reportedly struggled to find Republican support in the Senate, too, where he attempted to whip votes on Wednesday with Vice President-elect JD Vance.

Florida Governor Ron DeSantis ordered state officials to schedule a special election to fill Gaetz’s seat last week. That election will take place on April Fool's Day 2025. Until that election takes place, the vacancies could make a narrow GOP majority even slimmer.

“You should’ve paid me double”: 12-year-old Lindsay Lohan to Disney CEO about “Parent Trap” role

A young Lindsay Lohan bites back!

In an interview with Bravo’s “Watch What Happens Live," the "Mean Girls" and "The Parent Trap" star shared a story about how she fired back at the CEO of Disney during the premiere of "The Parent Trap" in 1998.

In the 1998 version of "The Parent Trap," Lohan plays a double role as twins Hallie and Annie who were separated at birth. At the film's premiere, the then-Disney CEO Michael Eisner went up to the actress, who was only 12 at the time, and asked “Where’s your twin?”

It's unclear whether Eisner was joking and knew that Lohan had played both roles or not but that didn't stop a witty, young Lohan from skewering the executive.  

“I was so young, I don’t even know how I thought to say this, but I’ll never forget what I said,” Lohan shared. “I said, ‘Well you should’ve paid me double, because I don’t have one.’”

During the interview with Andy Cohen, sitting beside "Mean Girls" co-star Lacey Chabert, Lohan shared that "The Parent Trap" was the only movie she has ever auditioned for in her two-decade career. That turned out to be Lohan's breakout role, making her a notable child star in both television and film.

Linda McMahon, Trump’s pick to lead the Department of Education, accused of complicity in sex abuse

Sexual abuse is casting its pall over yet another one of President-elect Donald Trump's cabinet picks, this time former World Wrestling Entertainment executive and would-be Secretary of Education Linda McMahon. A recent lawsuit by five former "ring boys" in the WWE accuses Mrs. McMahon an her husband, Vince, of enabling a ringside announcer who groomed and sexually abused children during the McMahons' tenure atop the organization in the 1980s.

The lawsuit names the late WWE ringside announcer and ring crew chief, Melvin Phillips Jr., as the abuser, and accuses the McMahons and the other defendants of criminal negligence by allowing Philips to remain at the company and continue his acts.

According to the lawsuit, Philips was himself a ring boy in the 1970s before ascending the ranks and gaining supervisory powers over other ring boys, staying with them at hotels and traveling with them across the country. At the time of the alleged abuse, the unnamed plaintiffs were between 13 and 15 years old.

After giving the boys free seats at the arena, the lawsuit said, Philips would bring them back to his hotel or dressing room, lie on top of them, massage their legs and feet and abuse them sexually. Sometimes, it continued, he would videotape the encounters, and always gave the boys money.

“We finally have a chance to hold accountable those who allowed and enabled the open, rampant sexual abuse of these young boys,” Greg Gutzler, the lawyer leading the case, said in a statement. “That so many were aware of the sexual abuse of the ring boys and did nothing to prevent or stop it is simply unconscionable.”

Laura Brevetti, an attorney representing McMahon, told CNN that the allegations were false. “This civil lawsuit based upon 30-plus-year-old allegations is filled with scurrilous lies, exaggerations and misrepresentations regarding Linda McMahon,” she said.

The WWE has long been dogged by allegations of underage boys being abused and other sex scandals, including reports that Mr. McMahon himself paid $12 million in hush money to four women to suppress allegations of his own sexual misconduct. During her 2010 and 2012 Senate campaigns in Connecticut, Ms. McMahon faced scrutiny over the billion-dollar operation she led, accused of prioritizing massive profits over the health and safety of wrestlers. In 2010, a leaked company memo seemed to incriminate Ms. McMahon for tipping off a doctor about a federal investigation into his alleged distribution of steroids to wrestlers.

Student advocacy groups and educators have argued that, given her record as WWE executive, McMahon cannot be trusted to look after education standards and campus safety.

“All students deserve to go to school and have the right to learn and grow without fear of harassment or discrimination,” Gaylynn Burroughs, vice president of education and workplace justice at the National Women’s Law Center, said in a statement. “The Department of Education’s sole purpose is to protect equal learning opportunities for all students, and the head of it must be focused on that.”

How this dark-horse hard seltzer helped reelect Donald Trump

Around 2:45am on Nov. 6, once it became clear that Donald Trump had the 2024 presidential election in the bag, Dana White took the stage at Mar-a-Lago to get the party started. The Ultimate Fighting Championship’s head honcho delivered half a minute of praise for Trump’s resilience, work ethic and other character traits that he very obviously doesn’t possess. Then White moved on to some shoutouts to “manosphere” entertainers in his inner circle that he considered integral to the former president’s reelection. 

That list ended with “the mighty and powerful Joe Rogan,” because of course it did. But the very first people White thanked from the Mar-a-Lago stage last week, with the newly minted president-elect looking approvingly over his shoulder and the cameras beaming him around the world, were the Nelk Boys. The YouTube edgelords-turned-GOP darlings had made it to the inner sanctum.

And they brought their shockingly successful hard seltzer brand, Happy Dad, with them. 

I’ve been tracking the Nelk Boys’ ascent to MAGA royalty since March 2022, when Trump appeared on their podcast, “Full Send.” The episode would quickly become notorious when YouTube pulled it down for violating its guidelines about misinformation about the 2020 election, but what caught my eye was the 12-pack of Happy Dad hard seltzer placed conspicuously in frame. It’s not uncommon for influencers to try to leverage their online popularity by launching beverage-alcohol brands, but it’s a rare influencer that’s able to place their own flavored malt beverage on the elbow of the former president of the United States. I began looking into the relationship, filing an initial report that spring, and additional items ever since. 

Now, two years removed from that first podcast episode, and just weeks removed from the 2024 election, I think it’s important to put it all together. At the nexus of the Nelk Boys, White and Trump are millions of Zyn-popping frat bros, heavily armed "Punisher"-misunderstanders and other too-online jamokes slamming Happy Dad and getting angry about “the border.” They’re mostly anonymous chuds, but some of them are very famous and powerful chuds, like conservative reactionary Caitlyn Jenner, former Fox News demagogue Tucker Carlson and Elon Musk, who has been tapped by Trump to co-lead the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) after years of hyping up cryptocurrency Dogecoin. Here’s how together, they helped reelect Trump. 

For those lucky enough to still be unfamiliar: the Nelk Boys are a collective of dudes who do pranks and objectify women for tens of millions of views each month on their main channel, which boasts 8.25 million subscribers. In 2021, the Nelk Boys launched Happy Dad, a hard seltzer in a standard 12-ounce beer can meant to differentiate it from the “skinny can bulls**t” of segment leaders White Claw and Truly. 

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That’s a very thin reed upon which to hang an upstart brand in a crowded segment that was then beginning to plateau, but with Nelk’s media machine behind it, and legions of opted-in young drinkers clamoring for Nelk, Happy Dad has done very, very well. It’s a top-five hard seltzer brand nationwide, and has recently begun showing up in Circana scan-data snapshots of the top 25 brands across all beer in some channels. Sophisticated, experienced firms like Boston Beer Company hardly know what to do about the now-struggling hard-seltzer market, but Happy Dad and its interloping founders are thriving. 

It’s impossible to say how much of that success is due to Nelk Boys’ Trump-ward lurch (which began in 2020 with a ride on the recently ousted president’s plane), but I think it’s helped. In 2022, I argued that embracing the former president’s conspiracy-addled worldview gave Happy Dad a lane to a customer that mainstream brands simply couldn’t reach:

This is a longstanding tradition on the American right wing, and hard seltzer, as an ahistorical, premium-priced beverage that’s relatively inexpensive to make and carries no cultural baggage, is an ideal product for aspiring 20-something hucksters like the Nelk Boys to hawk to an impressionable young audience already thirsty for line-stepping, anti-PC troll theater. In other words, if Happy Dad succeeds long-term, it won’t be in spite of the group’s decision to cozy up with Donald Trump and tweet endorsements from Alex Jones — it’ll be, at least in part, because of it.

Two years later, the opposite has also proven true. Whether the UFC’s White, a conservative star in his own right who would go on to sign a $100-million deal to be Anheuser-Busch InBev’s anti-woke henchman in 2023, then introduce Trump at the Republican National Convention in 2024, orchestrated the 2022 interview to help the Nelk Boys, Trump, or both isn’t clear. But whatever prominence with MAGA drinkers the Nelk Boys gained for Happy Dad by simping for a lifelong teetotaler in Trump, they would also repay in spades once the 2024 presidential campaign began in earnest. 

They rose together, in a sense: the brand, up the hard-seltzer sales charts; the election-denier, in popularity with the conservative young males he’d need to return to the White House. In March 2023, Happy Dad muscled its way into the top 10 bestselling hard seltzers in the country. The following month, a freshly indicted Trump ran into the Nelk Boys at — what else — a UFC fight in Miami, where the group posted videos of the former president receiving a standing ovation interspersed with clips of a Happy Dad-sponsored fighter doing a shoe-y with the hard seltzer. “The chance [2023] meeting led to a second appearance” on “Full Send,” reported TIME in a sprawling election post-mortem earlier this month. “His closest confidantes didn’t realize it at the time, but interviews on male-focused podcasts would become a throughline of his extraordinary political resurrection.”

By early 2024, Trump was once again consolidating power on the campaign trail, and the Nelk Boys were very much along for the ride, helping to repackage the candidate's alleged cognitive decline and vile racism as epic own-the-libs machismo to hordes of credulous Happy Dad customers.

In Nevada this past February, the then-presumptive GOP candidate shouted out the conservative #creators from the campaign stump, marveling at the reach of their 2022 interview before YouTube spiked it. At a golf tournament later that year, Nelk members kitted out in Happy Dad swag glad-handed with Trump wearing Happy Dad apparel. Trump’s conviction in May in New York presented an opportunity for the Nelk Boys to deploy their damn-the-torpedoes schtick in service of their beloved bully-in-chief. They did just that, posting “Free Trump” to their 4.2 million Instagram followers.

In August, when Trump’s oafish running mate, Ohio senator JD Vance, joined TikTok, his first post was a video of him accepting a 12-pack of Happy Dad from Nelk ringleader Kyle Forgeard after recording a podcast episode with the group. At a Las Vegas rally in late August, the group appeared with Trump on-stage while Happy Dad promo girls handed out hard seltzers to the crowd outside; a month later in the same city, Forgeard endorsed Trump to a stadium crowd, then did some fan-service about taxes on Zyn, the preferred nicotine source of the American right’s angry young flat-brims. 

Of course White shouted them out at Trump’s election victory party last week — they were basically running his Gen Z surrogacy operation, and delivering millions and millions of free media impressions in the process. 

Don’t think they don’t know it. Two weeks before the Nelk Boys moment of MAGA glory at Mar-a-Lago, Forgeard appeared on Fox News for an interview with host Jesse Watters to talk about Trump’s late-game pivot to “manosphere” entertainers like Rogan, Theo Vonn and the Nelk Boys themselves. 

“So you’re taking full credit for him blowing up in the podcast world?” Watters asked.

“Oh, we’re taking full credit,” Forgeard responded. On his head perched a Happy Dad hat.

This story was originally published by Fingers, an independent newsletter about drinking in America. 

“I don’t think creativity stops with disability:” Paul Simon performs with near-total hearing loss

Paul Simon is sharing his experiences performing with near-total hearing loss.

In an interview with "CBS Mornings," the 83-year-old Simon and Garfunkel singer got candid about embarking on this challenging aspect of his journey as a performer. He said at first, losing his hearing was “incredibly frustrating." Simon was diagnosed with hearing loss in his left ear when he was working on his 15th studio album "Seven Psalms" which was released last year. 

“I was very angry at first that this had happened. I guess what I’m most apprehensive about would be if I can’t hear well enough to really enjoy the act of making music,” Simon revealed.

But Simon is adjusting to life with his hearing loss. He explained that has begun with tweaking his extensive work to become more accessible to himself. He said, he was “going through my repertoire and reducing a lot of the choices that I make to acoustic versions.”

“It’s all much quieter,” he continued. “It’s not ‘You Can Call Me Al.’ That’s gone. I can’t do that one.”

Despite the initial frustration and adjustments, Simon clarified that the hearing loss has only made him more creative. “You know Matisse, when he was suffering at the end of his life, when he was in bed, he envisioned all these cut-outs and had a great creative period.

“So I don’t think creativity stops with disability. So far, I haven’t experienced that. And I hope not to," he said.

Earlier this spring, at the premiere of his documentary, "In Restless Dreams: The Music of Paul Simon," Simon told People Mazagine that some of his hearing had come back “enough of a degree that I’m comfortably singing and playing guitar and playing a few other instruments."

A Whole Lotta McRib Sauce: You can now buy a half-gallon jug of the iconic McDonald’s sandwich sauce

In anticipation of the holiday season, McDonald’s is bringing back an iconic saucy sandwich — and offering a mega-sized jug of its signature sauce for the first time ever. The fast food chain announced in a press release Wednesday that its McRib will return for a limited time only at participating restaurants, starting Dec. 3. McDonald’s is also introducing a half-gallon jug of the iconic McRib sauce, fittingly called A Whole Lotta McRib Sauce.

“The McRib is more than a sandwich — it’s a part of culture, it’s a legend, it’s an event,” Tariq Hassan, Chief Marketing and Customer Experience Officer at McDonald’s, said in a statement. “McRib SZN is a holiday unto itself, so we wanted to embrace that spirit and give fans an even bigger way to celebrate this year with A Whole Lotta McRib Sauce.”

The McRib consists of a restructured boneless pork patty molded to resemble a miniature rack of ribs along with barbeque sauce, onions and pickles.

The recent releases come after McDonald’s said it plans to invest $100 million in hopes of bringing back customers following an E. coli outbreak linked to slivered onions on the Quarter Pounder hamburgers. The outbreak sickened at least 104 individuals across 14 states last month. The CDC also reported one death linked to the outbreak. McDonald’s temporarily removed the Quarter Pounder from restaurants in affected states before bringing the menu item back on Oct. 29.

Customers can order the McRib on the McDonald’s app, in-restaurant and at the drive-thru. The jug of A Whole Lotta McRib Sauce will be available for online purchase only starting Nov. 25 at 10 a.m. ET, while supplies last. Each jug is $19.99.   

Additionally, McDonald’s will soon release its McRib-themed holiday jingle called “It Could Only Mean One Thing (McRib is Here).” The seasonal tune will be available to play on all streaming platforms.

The evolution of Rosemarie DeWitt’s career, from “Sex and the City” to “deeply flawed” Disney mom

Take it as a green flag if your partner has a crush on Rosemarie DeWitt. Although the veteran actress ran the gamut playing characters in films like "Rachel Getting Married" and "La La Land," and shows ranging from "Mad Men" to "Black Mirror" to "The Boys," she says that "When people tell me that their husbands like my work, I think, 'Oh, you must really love your wife.'" Because, as she explained to me, "I think I'm trying to play you. I want to be the character, but I want to be somebody that you go, 'Yeah, I do that.'" 

In her latest film, Disney's "Out of My Mind," DeWitt channels that "Yeah, I do that" energy as Diane, the overextended "nag parent" of a daughter with cerebral palsy, played by British actress Phoebe-Rae Taylor, as the family navigates the challenges of living with a disability and surviving middle school. DeWitt said during our recent "Salon Talks" conversation how she channeled her own parenting experiences for the role, including what she's learned from her daughters about handling when "people say really hurtful things."

DeWitt also opened up about getting "kind of gross" for "Smile 2," returning to "And Just Like That…" as Aidan's straight-shooting ex-wife, and why she says she's not "the poster child for real women."

The following conversation has been lightly edited for clarity and length.

This movie is so beautiful and graceful and funny. For those who haven't read the book or don't know the story, tell me a little bit about your character in this world. 

I play the mom of a whip smart, beautiful young teenager with cerebral palsy. In the movie, the character of Melody is in a wheelchair and she can't speak. She has nonverbal CP, and we eventually are able to purchase a medi-talker device, and she kind of finds her voice. 

I thought I was going in playing a mom who advocates for her daughter and is like a mama bear. I was, but I came away from the movie going, "Oh, for the mother journey, it's about learning to trust your kids, learning to listen to them, knowing that they're fully formed people even though their frontal lobe isn't fully formed." They're going to spend most of their time on this earth as adults, and we're just there for a little bit to do this. 

The parents are imperfect. You see Melody's frustration with that, and you also just see the humanity of being a parent. What's it like approaching a character like that? 

No, not by a long shot, and neither are any of us, especially on our worst day. I always get happy when my kids do get to see movies and they're like, "You're not that bad, Mom." I'm like, "Yay."

They're deeply flawed, which are my favorite characters to play, otherwise there's no meat on the bone. Melody is the real heroine of the story. She's the heartbeat, she knows what she wants, she knows that you can't bubble wrap the world. She's going to get knocked around, she's going to get pushed aside. A lot of our movie is about the terrible reality of being a person with a disability

"I think it requires a lot more fierceness than I come into the world with."

Phoebe-Rae Taylor, who plays the role, talks about it a lot. She educated us a lot on the film, like, "I go to the movie theater and the only place for me to sit is in the way, way back corner where the wheelchair can fit." Walking through New York City, I'm like, "She can't eat at any of these restaurants. There's no ramps." Or if you speak with a device or you have a speech impediment from cerebral palsy, people just don't wait. Someone asks a question and then it takes a couple of breaths and then they just move on, because we can't slow down to hear them. 

Then we're the ones who miss out when we don't wait, because Phoebe was the one who had everybody in stitches every day. She's fully verbal and articulate and a beautiful, gorgeous speaker, but it sometimes takes a minute for the muscles of your mouth to start working. And I would've missed out on a dear friend. 

How did you two work together to establish that mother-daughter rapport and that prickliness? 

Some of it was the generosity of her parents because they were there on set, as any child actor's parents are. They would pull me aside and be like, "So let me tell you how I help her out in the bathroom." The generosity of sharing all the ins and outs, they let me tag along. And Phoebe was so incredibly brave; she was so generous, explaining things to me along the way. I think that level of vulnerability helped us get there. Then in the script, I'm the nag parent, and Luke Kirby gets to be the fun one, so that nature starts to feed it. 

How has this changed you? You are a mom of daughters and I've watched you in interviews talk about the things that people say to you and your daughters because they're different than you. 

With this character of Melody too, I think it requires a lot more fierceness than I come into the world with.

Sometimes people say really hurtful things to my kids. It's not intentional. It's just out of curiosity usually, but it's their lived experience. Recently we were in a hair salon, getting braiding for my daughter. My eldest daughter is African-American, my little one is Mexican-American, and her complexion is a little bit closer to mine. The woman behind the counter assumed I was the mother of my youngest, but not my oldest. So she's like, "Oh, is that her friend?" I saw my older daughter be like, first of all, why do you need to know? I was like, "No, these are both of my daughters." 

I got out into the car and I was like, "God, you know what I wish I said?" And Gracie was like, "Mind your business." I was raised to be a good girl, a people pleaser, so I'm finding that response. That's not my knee-jerk. I usually swallow some stuff, but on their behalf I won't do it. That's what's growing me.

In this story, it's about letting your kids do it for themselves when they need to. It's when to step out and not fight their battles. 

There's a very different version of that in "Smile 2." You have this incredible rapport with the actress playing your daughter in it. How did you create a different kind of a mom?

"It's hard to watch what women have to do for someone's entertainment."

Thank God on that one, the very first day of my shooting was the very last scene I had in the movie with [Naomi Scott], which was this big crazy operatic fight scene that gets kind of gross.

Naomi is a really likable, wonderful human being, so I was glad it was the first day because it was before I knew her. It's horror, so you get to play icy cold. There's no feeling in horror that's wrong. You either use it or you don't use it. Where other genres are more nuanced, sometimes the bigger swings play better in horror. It was fun to not know her, so I wasn't worried about her at all as I was screaming and spitting in her face. Three or four weeks later, I would've been like, "Oh, I'm sorry. Are you OK?" 

You are a veteran of horror. I saw something you said recently that struck me, questioning if horror is good for women. There's a level of exploitation for those of us who grew up with those final girl movies in the '80s like you and I did. How do you reconcile that? It can be the most empowering genre and it can also be the most exploitive. 

It's a fine line and I grapple with it all the time. A lot of people go to horror for entertainment value, and sometimes I'm like, "Oh, yeah, that's what we do. We're in entertainment." I love a movie like "Out of My Mind." I love when there's a real reason behind it all.

But then I think a lot of it "Smile 2" is dealing a lot with our culture. Whenever we can see ourselves with this phone-obsessed, image-obsessed, it makes us think about things. I looked at it that way. And Naomi is the most empowered actress. She's a force of nature and she was right to sing and dance and show all her colors. The director, Parker [Finn], would get annoyed with me when I would look at him and be like, "I think she's cried enough for today." Because it's hard to watch what women have to do for someone's entertainment. 

Women have to suffer for other people's entertainment, or suffer in general. You were canvassing over the summer. How are you doing now, post-election? And how are you talking to your daughters? 

I'm not great. I mean, I'm fine, we're fine. I say "not great," meaning I just did a big disconnect that Tuesday night. I saw where it was going and then I was like, "I need to be present with my kids." And "If I can read one more news article, if I can do one more thing that makes us safe," wasn't working. I was just like, "OK, I'm actually just going to turn my gaze and be present." 

It is hard. They're young enough where I don't think they have that existential fear that a lot of teens and people in their 20s have about, "What do I even dream of when a world is on fire?" They're not there. But my oldest daughter said, "If things change hands and the future president brings slavery back, will you pretend I'm a slave but let me do whatever I want?"

"When we were dating, people would stop him, and be like, 'You broke up with her on a Post-It!'"

It's not like they watch anything, but they can feel the danger of the rhetoric that it doesn't mean good things for lots of people. So I don't know. I just meet them. I'm like, "Right now, we're all safe." Today, in the moment, are we safe? Are we OK? I don't know if that will always be true. I don't know what's in the tea leaves. Things could go really bad. I hope they don't. I hope I'm wrong. I hope things get better for everybody, and we're good. I'm happy to be wrong. 

Raising daughters, and for you, raising daughters into women of color. 

Which I'm not equipped for. I need a lot of helpers. They have a lot of role models that aren't me, as any child does. We all went to school and found that teacher, that coach. There's Lisa Damour. She's this brilliant child psychologist and she talks about being the walls of the pool. Kids don't want to know you're there. They need to come over and grab it for a while and they need to swim over. So that's my job. 

That's very good parenting. Speaking of parenting, you and your husband [actor Ron Livingston] were both on an iconic episode of "Sex and the City" and you did not meet your husband until years later. 

Yeah, on a not iconic series, I might add. 

Did you have opinions about Berger? You're in the Post-It episode. 

This is the full disclosure, and it's embarrassing to say, but I was such a broke theater actor in New York that I didn't have cable. I don't even think my TV was hooked up. I missed "Sex and the City" in its entirety. I played Fern in my one scene. He wasn't even on my radar because I didn't see it until much, much, much, much later. Actually, we had been dating for a year or two, and I was in a hotel room here and I called him and I was like, "Oh my God, I'm watching 'Sex and the City.' You're so cute as Berger." But we were already trying to get pregnant by the time I saw him. 

But I did feel women's anger at him. When we were dating, people would stop him, especially in New York City, and be like, "You broke up with her on a Post-It." Now, I've heard people joke, "That would've been preferable to the ghosting. At least you responded." Now you don't even get a Post-it. 

You started your career in theater. I've watched interviews from 15 years ago where people were asking you about aging in Hollywood. How does that background on the stage equip a person to get by in Hollywood? 

I can only speak from my perspective. For me, [having a theater background] was really good. Not that I'm immune to all the stuff; none of it's fun, but I remember coming out to LA after a breakup in New York, which is what kind of propelled it. I'm like, "I just need to get out of Dodge for a minute. The New York Theater community's tiny." I was seeing the allegiance to beauty out there was different than being a theater actor, and women were coming in with the short skirts and all the things. I was just like, "I don't know. I'm just going to give it a whack." I didn't ever feel like I was a part of that. It was nice to go out older. 

It's not that I didn't experience "Love me, pick me, choose me," but I felt like I did that more here with the casting directors that just only wanted to see you if you went to NYU grad or Yale grad or Juilliard. That's a different thing than when you go out there and here it was a little bit about credentials. 

Ron one time said to me, "Somebody got a role that I wanted." I was like, "God, they're not even good." He goes, "Oh, you don't have to be good. You think you have to be good. You don't really have to be good." It's just different. 

You said something to me before we started talking that I want to share with other women. I told you that my husband is in love with you, and you said you've heard it before. What is it about you that makes husbands love you? 

When you said it, I was like, "Oh, you probably have a good guy." When people tell me that their husbands like my work, I think, "Oh, you must really love your wife." Because I think I'm trying to play you. You know what I mean? 

I'm not trying to play the idea of a woman. It was always hard, especially when my process was less collaborative, when maybe directors didn't care what I thought about the role, to play male fantasy parts or the idea of women. That does happen, you're always trying to flesh out the script and mine it. But I'm not trying to play somebody that women can't see themselves in. I want to be the character, but I want to be somebody that you go, "Yeah, I do that." 

It's a realness. If your husband loves you, they probably love their wife. 

Yeah. I think they just like a real woman. Not that I'm the poster child for real women. 

I want to go full circle with "Sex and the City" because now you've had this microphone drop role last season on "And Just Like That…"

And I come back this season. 

You are one of the few people who ever tells Carrie what's what, and I've waited 25 years for that. Are you and Natasha going to team up?

I don't know where it's all going to go, but we get to explore real stuff. That's what I was grateful for. This season with Aidan and Carrie and my character and the family, we get to explore things that real families are struggling with, and so that propels Carrie into the world of harder conversation. Not that she's not always in, but this one is like, "Oh, yeah, this is what it's about." 

I can't wait to see it, but in the meantime, we can watch you in this beautiful Disney film. You don't have to be a mom to love it. You don't have to be a kid to love it. 

Just be a human being who wants to see people treated with dignity, and who wants to see each other in our full humanity. 

“Conclave” is just “Mean Girls” with priests

Awards season always brings a parade of Very Important Cinema to theaters, most of which have the appeal of roughage. They may be good for us, but they aren’t necessarily the kind of fun we're looking for right now.

Somehow “Conclave” contradicts that reputation. Edward Berger’s venture into a sequestered gathering of cardinals tasked with selecting a new Supreme Pontiff showcases the standard awards bait signifiers, granted.  Expansive vistas of the Vatican’s opulence dominate our view. The score's spare strings accompany and augment vast, tense silences. The cast, led by Ralph Fiennes as Cardinal Lawrence, conveys as much meaning in how they speak to one another as what they’re saying.

But poetic pettiness — that's the main event. Maybe you've heard about this. Between the pomp surrounding donning one’s holy livery, pointed glares and swishing red silks and velvets, these cassocked clergymen make bored teenagers seem kind.

A first hint of this drops the moment John Lithgow’s Cardinal Tremblay objects to a suggestion by another Cardinal, Adeyemi (Lucian Msamati), to fill the newly deceased pope’s daily log to showcase how devoted he was to his job until the very end. Tremblay worries that’ll make them look like his subordinates placed a huge burden on an old man.

“The papacy is a huge burden. Especially for an older man,” Adeyemi replies, cutting his eyes at Tremblay, no spring chicken, in a particular way. We won’t know until a few scenes later that Adeyemi and Tremblay are both angling for the big seat, but it doesn’t take much to recognize the burnt sugared scorn in that opening volley.

Berger’s adaptation of Robert Harris’ novel may take extensive liberties with the drama surrounding the election of a new pope. Still, you don’t have to be Catholic to recognize adolescent disdain when you see it. Adeyemi might as well be one of Tina Fey’s Plastics. This fictional papal conclave could be the Spring Fling. Once you understand that “Conclave” is “Mean Girls,” schlepping to a theater becomes much more appealing.

Hear our confession, o reader: The “Conclave” is “Mean Girls” meme has been floating around since its late October release and was referenced by Salon Culture Editor Hanh Nguyen's podcast cohost Jess Ju. (It’s also been likened to “Gossip Girl,” because why not.) But a few clever Photoshop gags aren’t necessarily enough to send you to the theater. Some of us need confirmation. As somebody tasked to count the ways, I can attest that the similarities are uncanny.

 
“Who are ‘The Plastics’?”
“They’re teen royalty. If North Shore was Us Weekly, they would always be on the cover.”
ConclaveJohn Lithgow as Cardinal Tremblay in "Conclave" (Focus Features)

There can be up to 120 electors invited to participate in a papal conclave. Berger's film doesn’t specify how many are present for this one, but as the College of Cardinals’ dean, Cardinal Lawrence (Ralph Fiennes) assumes the task, or burden, of managing the flock.

 

But he really only has to watch out for the popular ones. Cardinal Tremblay (John Lithgow), a left-leaning centrist who takes pride at being the Pope’s main confidante until the end, believes the job should be his.

 

His opposite, right-wing Cardinal Tedesco (Sergio Castellitto) is the gathering's Regina George. A flamboyant clergyman with a flair for vaping, Tedesco promises to cease “the sacrilege of relativism, placing all faiths as equal.” 

 

He's also a racist who recoils at the idea of a Black pope like Cardinal Adeyemi (Lucian Msamati), who shares Tedesco’s arrogance and homophobia – he supports imprisoning queer people and condemning them to hell. You get the sense that either man would merrily punched a subordinate in the face and expect them to think it was awesome.

 
“I’m the new student here.”
“Talk to me again and I’ll kick your a**.”
ConclaveCarlos Diehz as Cardinal Benitez in "Conclave" (Focus Features)

Concise parallels between “Mean Girls” characters and specific cardinals can be tough to come by, but the closest thing this mess has to Lindsay Lohan's new kid Cady Heron is Cardinal Benitez (Carlos Diehz), an unexpected arrival elevated to his station by the late pope in pectore, meaning secretly. 

 

Cady, the protagonist of “Mean Girls,” was raised and homeschooled in Africa, lending her a whiff of exoticism compared to most of the student body at North Shore High School. (Apparently naming a country or culture instead of a whole vast continent was asking too much of Hollywood in 2004, when the original movie came out.)

 

Benitez is introduced as the Mexican-born archbishop of Kabul whose ministry took him to some of the most dangerous war zones on the planet. That doesn’t earn him additional respect from Tedesco or the other queen bees, who instead wonder what the Catholic church is doing in Afghanistan. Plus, the clothes he arrives in are fugly.

 
“That is so fetch!”
“Stop trying to make fetch happen! It's not going to happen!”
ConclaveRalph Fiennes as Cardinal Lawrence and Stanley Tucci as Cardinal Bellini in "Conclave" (Focus Features)

One would think that such a noble ecclesiastic gathering would be governed by wisdom and good sense. Certainly Lawrence’s choice, Cardinal Bellini (Stanley Tucci), believes that to be true.

 

The paragon of false humility, Bellini reminds everyone he really doesn’t want to be named pope . . . even as he passionately campaigns for the job. He’s only doing it for the sake of the Church’s legacy, you see. Straightaway, though, its clear he’s not even close to be a favorite; and he’s barely a dark horse. Still, he insists on browbeating  others to support a cause as lost as, well, making fetch happen.

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“Gretchen Wieners knows everybody's business. That's why her hair is so big. It's full of secrets.”
ConclaveBrían F. O’Byrne as Monsignor O’Malley and Ralph Fiennes as Cardinal Lawrence in "Conclave" (Focus Features)

Fiennes’ dome may be closely shorn, but his Cardinal packs plenty of blackmail material underneath his zucchetto. Lawrence professes to be above all this nonsense. “No sane man would want the papacy,” he insists.

 

He also believes what he’s told in response: “The men who are dangerous are the ones who do want it.”

 

While his main responsibility as Dean is to ensure the vote goes smoothly and by the book, Lawrence is not above manipulating politics. Lawrence enlists Monsignor O’Malley (Brían F. O’Byrne) to dig up dirt on the frontrunners, claiming that it’s simply for his edification, insisting he doesn’t want to taint the election process.

 

Before they cast the first vote, though, Lawrence laces their thought processes with his personal philosophy on the matter.

“There is one sin which I have come to fear above all others: certainty.”

 

Certainty, he continues, “is the great enemy of unity. Certainty is the deadly enemy of tolerance.”

 

But as is the way of such men, the more doubt he has about the popular kids, the more certainty he has in his suitability to assume the mantle and mitre of Il Papa. “Hey, buddy, you're not pretending anymore. You're plastic. Cold, shiny, hard plastic.”

 
“All you can do in life is try to solve the problem in front of you.”
ConclaveIsabella Rossellini as Sister Agnes in "Conclave" (Focus Features)

Along the way Lawrence also breaks the confessional sacrament’s seal of confidence to defenestrate a candidate he deems unworthy with some help from Sister Agnes (Isabella Rossellini), the head of the nuns assisting the conclave. Agnes recognizes Lawrence’s moves because, like him, she likes mess.

 

“Although we sisters are supposed to be invisible, God has nevertheless given us eyes and ears,” she announces to a roomful of cardinals during an especially brutal torpedoing session.

 

But Agnes is especially lethal in a scene where she simply pulls up an incriminating file on her computer, leaves it onscreen and silently darts out so Lawrence can peer at it. Why, it’s almost as if she learned the Plastics' trick of luring someone to gossip about another person on the phone without letting on that it's a three-way conference with the subject silently listening.

 
“You got your freshmen, ROTC guys, preps, J.V. jocks . . . Desperate wannabes, burnouts, sexually active band geeks, the greatest people you will ever meet, and the worst.” 
ConclaveSergio Castellitto as Cardinal Tedesco in "Conclave" (Focus Features)

The papal electors self-segregate at mealtimes by sitting with their own countrymen. The exceptions are the non-European bishops because, just like in high school, the Black, Latinx and Asian kids have their own tables.

 

That also makes lunchtime faceplants a real danger in “Conclave,” as when a nun who wasn’t expected to be there, Sister Shanumi (Balkissa Maiga) drops a tray at the sight of someone and runs out of the room, causing a stir . . . and attracting Lawrence’s attention.

 

Oh, and on Wednesdays, they wear pink cardinal red.


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“They have this book, this ‘Burn Book,’ where they write mean things about all the girls in our grade.”
ConclaveLucian Msamati as Cardinal Adeyemi in "Conclave" (Focus Features)

A significant mystery in the movie involves a rumor about which the implicated party insistently claims both ignorance and innocence. Whenever there’s filthy gossip about a powerful person at a worldwide organization, there must be document.

 

Lawrence, with Sister Agnes playing His Girl Friday, obtains the smoking gun, gives the Vatican copy machine a workout and tosses the incendiary flyers to everybody at the lunch hall. It's a character assassination worthy of Regina George’s greatest hit.

 
“Never in my 14 years as an educator have I seen such behavior. And from young ladies! . . . I oughta cancel your Spring Fling.”  
ConclaveRalph Fiennes as Cardinal Lawrence in "Conclave" (Focus Features)

There comes a point in “Conclave” where all hope is lost and a recurring refrain counsels the acceptance of a lesser evil. “We’ve had worse!” Bellini sighs when confronted with the prospect of a corrupt candidate winning over the needed majority.

 

But in their darkest hour,  when the most odious contestant seems inevitable, the Cady of the conclave asserts his presence to chastise his fellow cardinals for their pettiness. “The church is not tradition. The church is not the past,” he said. “The church is what we do next.” With that, the holy men take a collective trust fall so the healing can begin.

 

This isn’t exactly where “Conclave” ends. There is no egalitarian distribution of the Holy See’s power among the cardinals, no breaking apart the crown so everyone can share the honor. But its resolution matches the quotability of the rest of the movie and Tina Fey’s interpretation of “Queen Bees and Wannabees.”

 

"We are mortal men; we serve an ideal,” one of the cardinals says. “We cannot always be ideal." If they were, they wouldn’t be half as entertaining.

"Conclave" is now playing in theaters nationwide.

Matt Gaetz rules out return to Congress, saying he will now fight from a “new perch”

Former Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Fla., withdrew from consideration as President-elect Donald Trump's attorney general as a number of senators expressed concern over alleged ethics violations centered on reports of the MAGA lawmaker having sex with a 17-year-old girl. But while he could still have tried returning to Congress, Gaetz revealed Friday that he has no intention of doing so.

 “I’m still going to be in the fight, but it’s going to be from a new perch. I do not intend to join the 119th Congress,” Gaetz told conservative influencer Charlie Kirk.

Gaetz resigned in the current session of Congress, which does not officially adjourn until Jan. 2, 2025. Because Gaetz was re-elected to serve in the next Congress, which begins on Jan. 3, the Florida lawmaker was technically eligible to be sworn-in again. Congressional sources told news outlets that the wording of his resignation statement might have been just vague enough to leave that door open.

Gov. Ron DeSantis, however, began setting up a special election to replace Gaetz soon after he resigned, though it has not yet been scheduled.

Speaker of the House Mike Johnson, R-La., had pressured the House Ethics Committee not to release its ethics report on Gaetz on the grounds that he was no longer under their purview. If Gaetz returns to the House, that justification goes away, which might be why Gaetz has stated repeatedly that he has no intention of doing so.

But even if he stays home, ethics panel member Rep. Glenn Ivey, D-Md., told The Daily Beast that there's “precedence for the House Ethics Committee releasing reports” even after members leave office.

The sword of Damocles hasn't deterred Gaetz's allies from hyping him up for a return to Congress as a House member, as a senator or for a Trump administration post that doesn't require Senate approval.

“Senator Matt Gaetz has a nice ring to it," tweeted former Sean Hannity producer Kylie Jan Kremer, a reference to the seat being vacated by Sen. Marco Rubio, R-Florida, Trump's pick for secretary of state. Sen. Rick Scott, R-Fla., agreed, telling CNN that Gaetz is “a great person” to succeed Rubio.

For now, DeSantis does not appear keen on the idea. “He won’t appoint Matt," a source close to DeSantis told the National Review.

Editor's note: This story has been updated to include Gaetz's remarks on Friday.

Bird flu worries European health agencies as they increase virus surveillance

As flu season nears, Europe is increasing surveillance for human cases of H5N1 influenza, also known as bird flu. As reported by the Telegraph, new guidelines from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) will be focused on ensuring the rapid detection of cases, such as updates to testing protocols and symptoms to look out for in potential cases

“We’ve updated our guidance to include milder symptoms in individuals exposed to birds or other animals,” Angeliki Melidou, principal expert in respiratory viruses at the ECDC, told The Telegraph. “The priority is to strengthen surveillance and ensure we monitor and follow up with exposed individuals.” 

Health care workers in Europe will also be advised to ask people with flu-like symptoms about possible previous exposure to birds and other animals.

“We cannot exclude the possibility of H5N1 triggering a human pandemic,” Melidou said. “It has many opportunities to adapt as it expands its host range, so vigilance is crucial.”

The risk of humans contracting H5N1 influenza is still low for the general public in Europe. It's moderate for those who work with animals. 

This comes at a time when some bird flu infections are alarming scientists in the United States. This year alone, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have reported 53 cases in humans. Last week, news broke that five new cases of H5N1 flu were detected in California, as well as a case in a child that had no exposure to farm animals. The first human case in Oregon was also detected. Recent wastewater samples have detected the virus in several California cities. In Canada, a teenager was hospitalized with bird flu, which is unusual given that most human cases have been relatively mild. Preliminary sequencing shows a potential mutation that could make the virus more transmissible between humans. While the teen didn’t have exposure to poultry, they did with pets which could have been where transmission occurred.

Trump’s New York sentencing indefinitely postponed

New York Supreme Court Judge Juan Merchan issued an order Friday that indefinitely postpones President-elect Donald Trump's sentencing in the Stormy Daniels hush money case. The order states that the court will grant a stay of sentencing, agreed to by both Trump and Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg, but it remains unclear if the case will now be entirely dismissed.

Trump was originally found guilty of 34 felonies related to concealing payments to Daniels, an adult film actress with whom he had an alleged sexual encounter. However, due to his status as a presidential candidate and the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling on presidential immunity, his sentencing was delayed until after Election Day. Now that Trump is set to assume the presidency in January, legal rules and norms prevent a sentencing that would inhibit the head of state and government from carrying out the duties of his office.

If the case is not dismissed, the earliest Trump could now be sentenced is in January 2029, after he leaves office. But his legal team is attempting to toss the conviction entirely, a move that Bragg has opposed. Merchan ordered Trump to file a formal motion asking for dismissal by Dec. 2 and for Bragg to respond by Dec. 9.

The May 2024 convictions in his New York case marked the first time that an former president has been convicted of a felony. In January, he is also set to be the first sitting president to be bear the dubious honor.

House passes bill that could allow Trump to go after “terrorist supporting” nonprofits

The House of Representatives passed a bill late Thursday that would empower the the treasury secretary to unilaterally strip the tax-exempt status of any nonprofit they deem to be a "terrorist supporting group," effectively killing the organization.

The Stop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act, or H.R. 9495, passed 219-184, with 15 Democrats joining the Republican majority in giving an incoming Donald Trump administration sweeping power to target his political foes. A previous attempt to fast-track the bill with a two-thirds majority vote failed last week, with 52 Democrats voting in support and 145 voting against.

A handful of vocal lawmakers and a broad alignment of civil rights groups, including the American Civil Liberties Union and a coalition of 55 Jewish organizations, have taken the lead on opposing the legislation, warning that Trump could abuse the powers conferred by the legislation to attack his critics.

The bill is largely unchanged since it was introduced in November 2023, but it once enjoyed much wider bipartisan support as it was introduced by staunchly pro-Israel lawmaker Rep. Claudia Tenney, R-N.Y., with the goal of cracking down on pro-Palestine groups under the guise of blocking them from helping Hamas. The election of Trump, however, has given an increasing number of its Democratic supporters pause, with Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, D-N.Y., saying that many of her colleagues were persuaded to vote no after receiving calls from concerned constituents.

It is already illegal for nonprofits to provide material aid to terrorist groups, and the federal government can enforce the law with prosecution and sanctions. Critics say the bill that passed on Thursday, however, would override due process and allow the Treasury Department to declare a nonprofit a "terrorist supporting group" without adhering to normal evidentiary standards. Although targeted groups could appeal to the IRS and courts, they warn that the legal costs and reputational damage alone would have a chilling effect on free speech, especially speech by any group advocating for Palestinian rights or some other political cause Trump doesn't like.

Rep. Lloyd Doggett, D-Texas, warned on the House floor that "a tyrant tightens his grip not just by seizing power, but when he demands new powers and when those who can stop him willingly cede and bend to his will."

“Donald Trump says you’re a terrorist, so you’re a terrorist," added Rep. Jim McGovern, D-Mass. "My friends on the other side of the aisle know it’s nuts, even if they don’t want to admit it."

“Dangerous and effective”: Experts say Trump AG pick Pam Bondi is “frankly, worse” than Matt Gaetz

In the end, Republican senators were not forced to choose between their dignity and the president-elect’s wrath: With former Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-Fla., withdrawing from consideration to serve as Donald Trump’s next attorney general, there is no longer a need to defend a man investigated for sex trafficking — no need to tell constituents that he didn’t know the woman he allegedly paid for sex was only 17 — or risk a late-night Truth Social rant from a 78-year-old.

Why Gaetz dropped out is as much of a mystery as why he was nominated in the first place. Sure, the headlines about having sex with a minor weren’t great, but it was old news. The Florida Republican and his allies could argue that it had all been looked into by the Department of Justice and no charges were ever filed. A House ethics report could and may still shed more light, but it likely wouldn’t alter the already known gist: that Gaetz was not the sort of middle-aged man you would like hanging around any teenage girls.

Hours after he announced his sudden exit from the race, and a day after Vice President-elect JD Vance made the rounds urging senators to give Gaetz a chance, Trump had already moved on to a Florida woman: Pam Bondi, a loyalist who served as the Sunshine State’s attorney general from 2011 to 2019, during which time she also served as a fill-in host for Fox News. After leaving office, she defended Trump during his first impeachment trial for attempting to extort Ukraine, going all-in on the debunked claim that President Joe Biden had a prosecutor there fired because they were doing too much to address corruption (the opposite was in fact the case).

Unlike Gaetz, Bondi at least has a good deal of experience actually practicing the law and overseeing a large office; she has also not been accused of sexual misconduct. That’s also why some who criticized the Gaetz pick aren’t celebrating his replacement.

“Bondi looks more ‘normal’ on the surface, and she has the kind of experience you look for for a position like this,” former U.S. Attorney Joyce Vance commented on her website. That’s also, in Vance’s opinion, what makes her more dangerous: Gaetz may have been willing to abuse the Department of Justice on Trump’s behalf, but he would have been coming in with no experience and a reputation already in tatters. Bondi, say what you will, has actually prosecuted a case before.

She has also demonstrated a willingness to do as Trump asks. Since leaving public office, she has been busy as the head of the America First Policy Institute, building off her 2020 election denial — “We’ve won Pennsylvania,” Bondi asserted four years ago, when she claimed “fake ballots” were being counted in a state Trump lost by more than 80,000 votes — to argue in court, earlier this year, that election results should be thrown out in Democratic-leaning counties if a single (MAGA) election official says there might be fraud.

Earlier, as Florida’s attorney general, Bondi declined to join a lawsuit regarding fraud at Trump University, claiming that she had received few complaints; an Associated Press investigation found that there had in fact been scores. The decision to sit out the litigation against Trump — litigation that resulted in a $25 million settlement — came only after Bondi received an illegal $25,000 campaign contribution from a Trump-affiliated charity; Trump would go on to name Bondi’s chief of staff to a top position in the Department of Education in his first term.

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As Vance puts it, that’s all a sign not of a true believer, per se, but a cynic willing to do whatever it takes to stand out at Mar-a-Lago.

“She accepted Trump’s Big Lie about the 2020 election even though her experience suggests she knows it wasn’t true,” Vance wrote. “What happens when Trump asks her to engage in revenge prosecutions? Will she have the grit to say no? As someone who doesn’t come from DOJ, will she understand the importance of independence, or might she permit Trump to have direct contact and influence over criminal cases?”

It is safe to assume that the president-elect is looking for the same thing in Bondi as he saw in Gaetz: a loyalist who won’t balk at ordering dubious investigations and also won’t appoint any meddlesome special counsels should the president himself be accused of wrongdoing. And for anyone still hoping right-wing populism manifests itself as meaningful action against financial “elites,” The American Prospect’s David Dayen notes that Bondi squashed efforts to investigate foreclosure fraud following the 2009 financial collapse.

“For too long, the partisan Department of Justice has been weaponized against me and other Republicans,” Trump posted on Truth Social, announcing his selection of Bondi. “Not anymore.”

As with anything Trump, it is also safe to assume some level of projection (America under Biden, he said on the campaign trail, is a “fascist state”). The billionaire Republican campaigned on “retribution” and, until shown otherwise, the public and the press should assume that remains his intent.


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Speaking at the 2016 Republican National Convention, Bondi, while serving as Florida’s top law enforcement officer, joined the crowd in calling for the Democratic nominee, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, to be put behind bars. “‘Lock her up,’ I love that,” she said.

More recently on Fox News, Bondi reiterated her support for politicized justice, declaring that those who dared investigate Trump would themselves be targeted.

“The Department of Justice, the prosecutors, will be prosecuted — the bad ones,” she promised in the August 2023 appearance. “The investigators will be investigated, because the deep state last term for President Trump, they were hiding in the shadows. But now they have a spotlight on them and they can all be investigated.”

It’s enough, certainly, to sour any celebration over Gaetz’s departure, even if that exist did underscore that there are still limits on Trump’s whims.

“She is a dangerous and effective pick,” Jason Johnson, a political scientist at Morgan State University, said on MSNBC. “And that’s, frankly, worse than what we would have got with Matt Gaetz.”

Donald Trump just blew up any concept of a MAGA mandate

Contrary to his customary bragging that he won the election in an unprecedented landslide, President Donald Trump's percentage of the popular vote has fallen below 50% and it drops a little bit lower every day as the final votes are tallied up. According to the Cook Report, as of Tuesday, Trump was at 49.94 percent, and Harris was at 48.26, a difference of a mere 1.68%. He won fair and square but to call it an overwhelming mandate to dismantle the government is ridiculous.

Obviously, Trump will always maintain that his victory was the greatest in history and that nobody's ever seen anything like it. But in Washington, it's become clear that Trump's win was not the overwhelming validation of his agenda that we were told in the days after Nov. 5. Over 50% of the people voted against it, just as they did in 2020 and in 2016. Perhaps some Republicans waking up from their stupors and realizing this accounts for the fact that the fever broke yesterday for the first time since Election Day. Matt Gaetz withdrew his nomination for Attorney General proving, as my colleague Amanda Marcotte writes, resistance is not futile

This episode shows one thing: Trump lost. Bigly.

As Marcotte points out, the pressure was mounting from the public and press over Gaetz's egregious ethics violations and details from the House ethics committee were starting to leak out. Gaetz withdrew after being informed that a new accusation that he had sex with an underage girl at one of his raucous drug-fueled parties was about to drop. But as the Bulwark's Marc A. Caputo reported, it was Trump calling him to say that he didn't have the votes in the Senate and wouldn't be confirmed that finally forced Gaetz to throw in the towel.

Ever since Elon Musk and the rest of Trump's crack transition team gathered at Mar-a-Lago to plot his triumphant return to the White House in January, they've been throwing around threats and intimidating members of the House and Senate. Many of them, like Rep. Roy Nehls, R-Tx., seem to positively love it:

Considering how often Republicans have done just that, anyone could be forgiven for thinking that's exactly what they all intend to do. But a funny thing happened when Trump weighed in on the Senate majority leadership vote to replace Sen. Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., shortly after the election. Top adviser Elon Musk along with others such as RFK Jr., Tucker Carlson, Vivek Ramaswamy and Charlie Kirk all endorsed Florida senator Rick Scott, tacitly letting it be known that Trump himself would be happy with his election.

Trump only intervened with an edict before the vote, demanding on his Truth Social platform that “Any Republican Senator seeking the coveted LEADERSHIP position in the United States Senate must agree to Recess Appointments… We need positions filled IMMEDIATELY!"

All three contenders, Sen. John Thune, R-S.D., John Cornyn, R-Tx., and Rick Scott R-Fla, agreed to allow Trump the ability to make recess appointments if necessary, a constitutional but rarely used gambit which had been obstructed by both parties over the last decade through a series of parliamentary maneuvers. The question everyone was asking was, why would he need it? He had a Senate majority of at least 52 votes (now 53.) Why wouldn't his own party be able to muster the necessary votes to confirm his Cabinet?

In the end, John Thune was elected (by a secret ballot) which was the first clue that Trump's iron grip may not be as strong as assumed. Thune is a Mitch McConnell protégé, looked at with suspicion by the MAGA crowd, and considered more establishment institutionalist than Trump loyalist. Scott, the choice of Trump's firebrand advisers, only got 13 votes.

We soon found out why Trump was signaling that he needed recess appointments when — on the same day Thune was elected — Trump named Gaetz followed by a succession of hacks, weirdos, extremists and kooks, none of whom are remotely qualified for the massively important jobs they're nominated for. For a time it seemed as though Trump had arrogantly decided to bypass the advice and consent role of the Senate altogether and simply force the House and Senate to recess during which time he would just appoint his entire cabinet. It was a strongarm move meant to let the Senate know that they are merely there to do his bidding and nothing more.

Then last Sunday night, renowned New Yorker reporter Jane Mayer tweeted that Mitch McConnell had told a gathering, "Message to Trump Team: There will be no recess appointments." She deleted the tweet not long after, apparently due to a misunderstanding about the meeting being off the record, but MAGA world was incensed, obviously because it was true. McConnell will not be the majority leader next year but that doesn't mean he doesn't know things.

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Philip Bump at the Washington Post reported that the House is digging in its heels on their part of the recess appointment gambit as well:

Similarly, it’s been reported without denial that enough House Republicans are unwilling to adjourn the House to give House Speaker Mike Johnson a pretext for claiming the House and Senate are in disagreement, which might give the president the power to adjourn Congress.

Somewhere along the line Congress decided that it's not going to entirely give up its constitutional prerogatives so that Trump can install his cavalcade of carnival sideshow acts into the most powerful jobs in the world. And that was in spite of the fact that a Trump adviser told ABC News that they'd done some serious arm twisting telling the GOP senators that "anyone on the wrong side of the vote is buying yourself a primary. That is all. And there is a guy named Elon Musk who is going to finance it.” (Nice little Congress you have there, be a shame if anything happened to it…)

There's a decent chance the Senate will reject Hegseth, Gabbard and RFK Jr. as well. As Bump notes, "their confirmations were never going to be easy, but Gaetz’s withdrawal both increases the amount of scrutiny that they face and establishes a precedent under which scandal-marred candidates step aside."

It's always safe to bet on the ultimate cowardice of Republicans in the face of Donald Trump so I won't get my hopes up. But this episode shows one thing: Trump lost. Bigly. Within a little over two weeks, he's already blown the appearance of invincibility, demonstrating once again that he is an incompetent egomaniac whose psychological unfitness creates nothing but chaos. As we all know, there aren't many guardrails left but Trumpian dysfunction is actually one of them and it's still fully operational. 

Wish you could escape the planet? Too bad life in space would suck

Climate change, war and fascism got you down? Wish you could buy a ticket on the Europa Clipper spacecraft that’s on its way to check if there’s living slime on a Jupiterian moon? Before you decide to leave Earth behind and move to outer space, consider the life of an astronaut on the International Space Station.

Imagine cohabitating with eight other people in an enclosed area the size of a large airplane. You live on a strict schedule broken into 15 minute increments, using a red marker on a computer tablet to keep pace with the daily routine of experiments and maintenance all on an average six hours of sleep. You never shower, and instead rely on wet wipes for personal hygiene. Every human odor remains trapped around you in a cloud of stench that U.K. astronaut Tim Peake has compared to “a barbecue that’s gone wrong.” You drink processed urine. Things only get more uncomfortable from here.

Stranded NASA astronauts Sunita Williams and Butch Wilmore have been living aboard the ISS for 170 days since their departure from Earth on June 5. Their mission, originally meant to last around a week, will have gone on for over eight months by the time the two are picked up by a SpaceX Dragon at the end of February 2025. NASA’s accepted odds for loss of crew during the extended stay, or the chances Wilmore and Williams won’t make it back to Earth alive, are 1 in 270. Although chances of death on their mission are relatively low, the effects of their long term stay in space will likely have an impact on their bodies for the rest of their lives. 

To get a better idea of how the unexpected extra months in space may impact Williams and Wilmore, Salon interviewed NASA’s lead flight surgeon, Dr. Steven Gilmore, who supported Captain Scott Kelly during the longest planned space mission in NASA’s history: 340 days. While one mission was going on in space, another was conducted down here on Earth. NASA was monitoring changes in Captain Kelly's body while  comparing to his twin brother, Mark, now an Arizona senator, who remained on the ground during the experiment in order to determine the effects microgravity has on humans over extended periods of time.

“Essentially you can look at each of the body systems and start quantifying and characterizing the changes that the human body goes through [in space] as it's in this different environment for longer and longer periods,” Gilmore said.

"Our optometrists can estimate before they fly by what degree their prescription will change."

It’s easy to forget the joys of gravity while going to sleep or using the toilet on Earth, but the constant force that keeps us on the ground also helps us maintain bone structure and keep bodily fluids flowing where we want them. Living in microgravity causes bodily fluids to become more evenly distributed, with up to two extra liters of blood becoming unnaturally congested in the upper body, triggering constant feelings of puffiness and congestion, especially in the head and face. In Captain Kelly’s memoir, “Endurance: A Year In Space, A Lifetime of Discovery,” he describes the feeling of “space brain,” writing, “The full head sensation never completely goes away. It feels a little like standing on your head 24 hours a day, mild pressure in your ears, congestion, round face, flushed skin.”

The way fluids redistribute themselves in space is also why astronauts can’t burp without throwing up — the contents of their stomach become evenly pressed to the sides of the organ instead of settling at the bottom. This effect also causes urine to float along the sides of the bladder, which can prevent astronauts from feeling a need to pee until their bladders become completely full, leading to an unexpected, spontaneous need to urinate. 


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Reduced pressure on the urinary sphincter is one of the many sensations dulled by living in microgravity, along with smell, taste and sight. Increased pressure from redistribution of fluid in the nose inhibits nerve endings in nasal passages, reducing the ability to smell and taste — one reason why wasabi and hot sauce are popular condiments on the ISS. Additionally, around 70 percent of astronauts who conduct long-term missions of six months or more on the ISS develop vision impairments. Although the actual cause of loss of vision in space is unknown, in theory an increased volume of fluid inside the head causes choroidal folds in the eyes, causing blind spots. Dr. Gilmore added that this condition can also change a crew member’s eyeglasses prescription — they may be 20/40 in the same glasses that they were 20/20 in on the ground, for example. 

“We've observed it enough that our optometrists can estimate before they fly by what degree their prescription will change,” Gilmore said, adding crew members are often equipped with “space anticipation glasses” from the outset of missions in order to help them see after weeks or months in orbit.

Besides the redistribution of fluid in the body, changes made to the skeletal system by living in microgravity can cause longer-term health consequences. Without the constant pressure of gravity on the skeletal system, calcium from bones leaches into the body, which besides weakening the bones themselves can lead astronauts to be at higher risk of developing kidney stones.

Astronauts on the ISS encounter high levels of radiation — equivalent to roughly 10 chest x-rays every day, or around 30 times the amount of radiation people on Earth experience on a daily basis.

“The [bodily] response without that gravitational input is to start reabsorbing bone because it's perceived that they don't need it,” Gilmore said. “The bone isn't having to support all the muscular structure and ligaments that are working against gravity.”

This lack of gravity can cause astronauts to grow as much as 3% taller while in space as their skeleton realigns, then later shrink to their original height after returning to Earth. Bone density may reduce around 1% for each month spent in space, and NASA-funded research has shown that bone strength, a separate metric, may drop up to 5% each month. Risk of death from hip fracture increases with age, making bone loss one of the most significant long-term dangers of extended space missions.

To offset the loss of bone and muscle while living in zero gravity, astronauts routinely exercise for two hours every day, six days a week. On her initial mission aboard the ISS, Williams, one of the astronauts currently stranded, became the first person to complete a marathon in space, remotely participating in the 2007 Boston Marathon, finishing in 4 hours 24 minutes. Besides training on treadmills, the crew also uses stationary bicycles and other specialized equipment that relies on springs and vacuums to create resistance. Williams also became the first person to complete a triathlon in space during her second mission in 2012, using a strength training machine in place of the swimming portion of the event.

Some impacts of life in space can’t be fixed through exercise. Astronauts on the ISS encounter high levels of radiation — equivalent to roughly 10 chest x-rays every day, or around 30 times the amount of radiation people on Earth experience on a daily basis. This has an impact on a cellular level, and can even lead to an increased risk of cancer. Astronauts typically undertake two or three missions throughout their entire careers, and NASA aims to limit radiation exposure so that no crew member develops more than a 3% increased risk of cancer.

Discoveries made during NASA’s study on the Kelly twins found extended time in space also impacts telomeres, the protein structures at the ends of chromosomes that control cellular division. After spending almost a year in space, Scott Kelly’s telomeres had actually lengthened, which is usually an indicator of good health and lower odds of age-related diseases. However, during the months after returning to Earth, the length of his telomeres were discovered to be critically shorter than his preflight levels.

Despite all the unpleasant ways life in space may change the body, these long-term effects do not appear to concern Williams, who insisted in a recent Instagram post, “I love being up here in space.” However, this isn’t the first time Williams has been stranded. When Williams first visited the ISS in 2006, she had to stay over 6 months longer than originally planned after the return shuttle intended to take her home was damaged by hail before it could take off from the launch pad in Florida.

Besides sticking to a strict exercise schedule, living and working in space requires maintaining morale and mental health. Salon also interviewed Dr. Suzanne Bell, who leads NASA’s behavioral health and performance lab, which supports ISS crew members during biweekly psychological evaluations and researches ways to enhance coordination at all stages of space missions. Bell works to find countermeasures that relieve stress for astronauts and improve teamwork.

“One of our most important countermeasures is astronaut selection. 20,000 people apply and we only have space for 8 to 12,” Bell said. While only the most elite candidates are chosen to go to space, NASA’s behavioral health program works to optimize their emotional support system by keeping them connected with their loved ones on Earth. 

“What we know from ISS astronauts is that communication with their family is actually one of their strongest coping mechanisms for difficulties in space, so that real time connection with friends and family is an important coping source,” Bell said.

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Astronauts aboard the ISS can initiate telephone calls to loved ones, but can’t receive them. There is also an approximate one second delay in information as it goes between Earth and the ISS, slowing down the pace of conversations astronauts have with their loved ones on Earth. Crew care packages are another way NASA supports morale, and in the past have included items ranging from musical instruments, different kinds of food, books and religious items, as well as a gorilla suit.

“It can be an important boost when you’re living in that austere environment that no longer has the smells of Earth,” Bell said. “Even something simple like an orange or your favorite chocolate bar, when you have that fragrance, when you have that special thing you worked with your family to send, it’s a really substantial morale boost.”

Williams is carrying fish curry and a Ganesh statue, along with tags from her two labrador retrievers and multicolored socks. Wilmore’s personal kit includes a set of gold rings designed with emblems resembling the U.S. Navy astronaut badge, as well as college memorabilia from Tennessee Technological University and the University of Tennessee, his former schools.

Spending longer amounts of time in space helps prepare astronauts for future  missions that will leave them even more isolated as they travel farther from Earth. Surviving extended time in space by years, or even human generations, will be necessary for longer term missions to Mars and beyond, and astronauts will need to become more comfortable with spending time in isolation. Instead of dealing with a one second communication lag to Earth from the ISS’s current position, Bell went on to explain that a potential mission to Mars would create a 44-minute delay to send and receive messages between planets. Other than the Moon, the closest thing in our neighborhood isn’t that close.

“Everything we look at for going to Mars requires crews to be autonomous in their problem-solving and peer support,” Bell said. Current plans for a shuttle to Mars would require a crew of four people to share a much smaller living area than the ISS for a round-trip that would take 21 months.

In preparation for almost anything, standard gear on the International Space Station today includes an early pregnancy test and a body bag. However, as missions are planned for Mars and beyond, NASA is looking into ways of stripping down as much equipment as possible. In contrast to the growing space tourism industry, such as the orbital movie studio planned to open this December, as well as plans to host the first Michelin star meal in space next year at a cost of nearly half a million dollars per guest, the future of research on how living in space impacts human anatomy is uncertain. The ISS is scheduled to be retired in 2030, at which point NASA plans to transition to commercially-owned space stations in low Earth orbit.

If you are planning a trip to space as your next luxury vacation, prepare to be trapped in a tiny room that smells like burning farts, along with many more serious health consequences you might encounter as your body adjusts to a completely new environment. For astronauts like Williams and Wilmore, the impact space has on the body is a small price to pay to explore the solar system. For those of us who haven’t been to space yet, health conditions caused by living in microgravity can be a reminder of how relatively comfortable life is here on Earth.

Student loans and Trump: Borrowers brace for changes

From the future of the Affordable Care Act to the fate of same-sex marriage, Donald Trump's reelection has prompted many questions over what to expect in the next four years.

Experts say one of those is more of a certainty, however: Attempts to deliver wide-scale student loan relief will likely be halted.

While Trump hasn't been clear on his plans, he has been a staunch critic of federal student loans and attempts to reduce loan balances. Under President Joe Biden's term, nearly 5 million people had their loans canceled. Another 8 million borrowers won't be making payments when Trump takes office because one of Biden's repayment plans is on hold. 

Here’s a look ahead at what could happen to student loans in Trump’s second term:

What happened last time?

In Trump’s first term, he attempted to eliminate the Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) program, a federal initiative that forgives the remaining balance on direct loans. The attempt went nowhere.

“That was a proposal, but I think he knew it would be dead in the water,” said certified financial planner and certified student loan professional Meagan McGuire. “I think it was meant to be a statement."

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There were also delays with the borrower defense to repayment program, which protects consumers who have been defrauded by their school or whose schools closed while they were attending.

And former Education Secretary Betsy DeVos made it difficult for borrowers to discharge loans due to fraud. Some experts worry this might happen again. 

What might happen this time?

Trump could try again to eliminate the federal student loan program, reassign it to another department or revamp it.

If he embraces Project 2025, a policy blueprint from the conservative Heritage Foundation, student loan borrowers might run into several challenges. 

“Project 2025 calls for ending Public Service Loan Forgiveness, borrower defense to repayment and the SAVE repayment plan,” said Mark Kantrowitz, author of “How to Appeal for More College Financial Aid.” 

Another Project 2025 goal is the dissolution of the Department of Education, which is currently responsible for disbursing federal student loans. Project 2025 calls for a return to private lenders to fund higher education costs.

Trump could also abandon the Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE) Plan, a Biden initiative that cut student loan payments for millions. In October, Biden's administration announced the payments will remain on pause for six months or longer while the courts decide if the SAVE plan is legal.

Trump's opposition to student loan forgiveness won’t affect existing borrowers

Student loan forgiveness 

Trump's opposition to student loan forgiveness, including the PSLF program, won’t affect existing borrowers, experts said.  Federal student loans require borrowers to sign a promissory note, which currently lists PSLF as an option. This likely means current borrowers will be grandfathered into having PSLF as an option.

Income-driven repayment (IDR) plans

Presidents have the power to create new repayment plans, as when President Barack Obama instituted the REPAYE plan and signed the Income-Based Repayment plan into law.

It’s not likely Trump will institute new IDR plans, and the Republican-controlled Congress could block student loan relief legislation proposed by Democrats.

However, Republicans might have a hard time pushing extreme student loan bills through, according to Kantrowitz, because they don’t have a supermajority in the Senate.

“That means legislation in the Senate could be subject to a filibuster, unless it is part of a budget reconciliation bill or the Republicans eliminate the filibuster,” Kantrowitz said. “Also, the party in control of each chamber would have to exercise strict party discipline when they have just a few votes advantage, since each member of Congress effectively has a veto. We saw this with the current Republican control of the House and Democrat control of the Senate.”

Tax-free loan forgiveness on IDRs

Some borrowers forget that if they are on an IDR plan without the benefit of PSLF, they owe taxes once the remaining loan balance is forgiven. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 modified this rule so any forgiven balance will not be taxed, but the law expires at the end of 2025 and its fate rests with Congress.

“It is unclear if this will be extended,” Kantrowitz said. 

Loans that were forgiven under Biden's term will likely remain forgiven

Loans that were already forgiven 

Loans that were forgiven under Biden's term will likely remain forgiven, McGuire said. It’s unlikely that Trump would undo any forgiveness that has already been successfully processed, she said.

“What’s done is done, we believe,” she said.

What to do if you’re a borrower

Switch to IBR

If you’re working toward PSLF and you’re currently on the SAVE plan, McGuire recommends switching to the Income-Based Repayment plan. IBR is a statutory plan, which means it is enforced by law, not by presidential executive action.

“IBR is the safest and still eligible for PSLF, so that’s what I would pick if you’re worried about getting PSLF credit,” McGuire said.

Your payments will likely increase under IBR, but it’s better than not getting credit for any months under SAVE.

Even if you’re pursuing regular IDR loan forgiveness without the PSLF element, McGuire still recommends switching to IBR as the safest route.

Send in your certification form

McGuire recommends sending in your PSLF certification form if you haven’t already. This form tracks the number of eligible payments you’ve made and confirms you’re on the correct repayment plan.

Make sure to set a reminder to check on the form. The government should respond by telling you how many eligible payments you’ve made toward PSLF. Also, you should certify your loans once a year until you’ve made 120 eligible payments.